MOTORISED GYROSCOPE

S.P. ENGINEER EQUIPMENT PVT LTD

MOTORISED GYROSCOPE
TOM-0002

HEAD OFFICE:
SR.NO. 81/3, SHED NO 3, DANGAT PATIL INDUSTRIAL,
ESTATE, SHIVANE PUNE-411029,
PH NO: 020 25290159
EMAIL-ID: spefactorygroup@gmail.com
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PHOTOGRAPH

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THEORY

(a)AXIS OF SPIN
If a body is revolving about an axis, the latter is known as axis of spin.

(bPRECESSION
Precession means the rotation about the third axis which is

perpendicular to both the axis of spin and axis of couple

(c) AXIS OF PRECESSION:

The third axis is perpendicular to both the axis of spin and that of
couple is known as axis of precessions.

(d) GYROSCOPE:
It is a body while spinning about an axis is free to rotate in other
directions under the action of external forces.

Examples;; Locomotive, automobile and aero plane making a turn. In

certain cases the gyroscopic forces are under sirable whereas in other cases
the gyroscopic effect may be utilized in developing desirable.

(e)GYROScOPICEFFECT:
To a body revolving (or spinning) about an axis of spin, if a couple
represented by a vector OY perpendicular to axis of spin, then the body tries
to process about third axis which is perpendicular both axis of spin &couple.
Thus the plane of spin, plane of pre
cession and plane of gyroscopic couple are mutually perpendicular.
The above combined effect is known as gyroscopic effect.

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E
GYROSCOPIC COUPLEOFAPLANE DISC:

Let a disc having a moment of inertia T be spinning at an angular velocity

about axis of spin in anticlockwise direction viewing from front. Therefore the
angular momentum of disc is l. Applying right hand, screw rule, the sense of vector
representing the angular momentum of disc, which is also a vector quantity, will be in
the direction of spin.
Let axis OX turn through a small angular displacement from 0X to OX' in time
t The couple applied produces a change in the direction of angular velocity, the
magnitude, and the magnitude remaining constant. This change is due to the velocity
of precession.
Therefore 'OX' represents the angular momentum after time dt.

Change of angular momentum = OX' - OX = XX'

or rate of change of angular momentum =

Angular Displacement
Time
i.e. XX OXx de
dt dt

As XX' = OX x de in direction of XX*

Now as rare of change of angular momentum = couple applied =C =T

We get T = OX de

dt

But OX =I.
Where, I = moment of Inertia of disc.

)= Angular Velocity of disc.

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And in the limit when 0 is very small

We have

T dt
And de p Angular velocity of precession ofyoke
dt @vertical axis.
Thus we get: T IxwX wp

The direction of the couple applied on the body is clockwise when looking in the
direction XX' and in the limit this is perpendicular to the axis w and of wp.

The reaction couple exerted by the body on its frame is equal in magnitude to that of
C, but opposite in direction.

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COMPONENT LIST

After unpacking you wil find the following items mounted on the main structure.

Sr. Description Part No.

No.

01 Base plate. SPEEPLTOM0001

02 Rotor disc. SPEEPLTOMO002
03 Yoke arm. SPEEPLTOMO003
04 Bearings. SPEEPLTOM0004
05 Universal coupling. SPEEPLTOMO005
06 Main shaft. SPEEPLTOMO006
07 Weights. SPEEPLTOMO007
08 Tachometer SPEEPLTOMO008
09 Motor SPEEPLTOMO009
10 Circular protractor scale. SPEEPLTOMO010
11 L angle motor mounting plate SPEEPLTOMO011
12 Side plate. SPEEPLTOMO012
13 Dimmer SPEEPLTOMO013

(a) Kindly remove the all-packing material & clean the components with cloth.
Please check the components as per list mentioned above. If you have any
difficulty please feel free to contact us.
(b) Follow the installation procedure carefully

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SYSTEM DESCRIPTION
In these systems, motor is coupled to the disc rotor, which is balanced. The
disc shaft rotates about X-X axis in two ball bearings housed in the frame
NO.1. This frame can swing about YY axis in bearings provided in the yoke
type frame No.2. In steady position, Frame No.1 is balanced by providing a
weight pan on the opposite side of the motor. The yoke frame is free to rotate
about vertical axis Z-Z. Thus freedom of rotation about three perpendicular
axes is given to the rotor.

RULE NO. 1:
The spinning body exerts a torque or couple in such a direction which tends to
make the axis of spin coincides with that of the precession".

To study the rule of gyroscopic behavior following procedure may be adopted.

(a) Balance the initial horizontal position of the rotor.
(b) Start the motor by increasing the voitage with the autotransfommer and wait
until it attains constant speed.
(c) Press the yoke frame about vertical axis by applying necessary force by
hand to the same (in the clockwise sense seen from above).
(d) It will be observed that the rotor frame swings about the horizontal AXIS
Y.Y. Motor side is seen coming upward and the weight pan side going
downwards.
(e) Rotate the vertical yoke axis in the anticlockwise direction seen from above
and observe that the rotor frame swing in opposite sense (as compared to
that in previous case following the above rule).

RULE NO.2:
"The spinning body processes in such a way as to make the axis of spin coincide
with that of the couple applied, through 90° turn axis".

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MOTOR SPECIFICATION:

Power- 1/12 HP

Voltage-220/230

Speed-8000 rpm
Current-1.5 amp

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PRECAUTIONS SHEET
Before experimentation check all electrical connections visually. If there is
any loose connection, tight them.
2. Use electric supply: Regulated 230 V AC, 50 Hz, 5 Amp with Neutral &

proper earthing.
3. Before starting the experimentation check the equipment to ensure that

there are no loose assemblies.

4. Do not start the electric supply without ensuring Dimmer is at Zero (0) volt

position.
5. Do not touch the moving components of machine once the driving motor

starts moving because uneven forces will act on it which will cause

vibrations.
6. Do not allow the gyroscope to rotate more than 360°.
7. Solid foundation required for motorized Gyroscope.
NOTE:
a) SPEED OF THE SHAFT SHOULD NT EXCEED ABOVE 3000 RPM.
b) DO NOT ALLOW THE GYROSCOPE YOKE TO ROTATE MORE
THAN THE FULL TURN OF 360°
c) PLEASE DO NOT DISTURB THE ASSEMBLY & FITTINGS OR
ALIGNMENT OF MOTOR, ROTATING DISC, SIDE PLATES
d) CHECK THE FUSE OF DIMMER WHETHER IT IS PROPERLY
WORKING OR NOT.

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EXPERIMENTAL SET UP
1. Supply is given to Motor through Dimmer
2. Motor is coupled to rotating disc through L-50 coupling WHICH IS

BALANCED.
3. Disc is mounted between two side plate assemblies with the help of

bearings.
4. The disc shaft rotates about XX axis in two ball bearings housed in the

frame. This frame can be swing about YY axis in bearings provided in

yoke type.
5. The yoke frame is free to rotate about vertical axis ZZ, thus freedom of
ation about three perpendicular axes is given to rotor

6. On one end motor is mounted & on another side balancing weight

arrangement is provided. Balancing weight can be adjusted with a slot
provided at the bottom.
7. Side plate assembly is fitted with the help of eye end.
8. Eye end is assembled with Yoke.
9. Yoke is mounted on vertical shaft placed with proper bearing assembly
in base plate.
10.A pointer is provided on a yoke to measure precession by 360°, one
circular scale that are fitted on a base plate.

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EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Objective: To Verifythe Gyroscopic Relation:

Experimental Procedure:
1) Switch on Electric supply of the system.
2) Increase the voltage on dimmer gradually so as to rotate the disc at the speed
of 2500 RPM approximately.
3) Wait for 2 minutes to stable the gyroscope
4) Note the RPM count from the place provided at the backside of motor
5) Put the weight (say 1 kg) in the weight pan through stud. Due to addition of
weight, gyroscopic effect will act, the disc will tilt & it will rotate in third axis.
6) Immediately note down the time (in seconds) required (dt) for specific angular
displacement (say 60°)
7) Remove the weight immediately.
8) Observe that the gyroscope will start in reverse direction.
9) Repeat procedure for anothertwo weights (0.5 kg &2 kg) on different speed &
different angular displacements
10)Switch off the system.
11)Note down the reading as per given sample.
12) Make the calculation as per sample provided.

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D
SPECIFICATION & OBSERVATION TABLE

Specification:
Weight of Rotor [W]: 6.3 kg and 3.17 kg
Rotor Diameter [D): 300 mmand 215 mm
Rotor Thickness: 10mm
Moment of inertia of the disc, coupling& motor rotor about central axis:
0.75kgcmsec2
Distance of bolt of weight pan from disc center: 18.9 cm
Motor: AC/DC Fractional H.P.single phase 6000 rpm
Observation Table:

Angle of Time required for

Sr. Weight on Pan precession this pre ssion.
No.
Speed N
[Kgl de dt

[degree] [Sec.]

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CALCULATION PROCEDURE

1. Tactual
T I. 0. OP kg.m
Where,
= M..
[Wg x[D/8]
o = 2XTXN

60
@p de rad/ sec.
dt
Where,
N RPM of Disc spin.
p Angular velocity of precession ofyoke about vertical radians/ second.
de Angle of precession in radians.
dt = Time required for this precession.

2.T theoretical
T Gyroscopic couple =WxL Kg. m.
Where,
W= Weight on pan.
L= Distance
of Weight.
Conclusion To Determine:
TactualT theoretical

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RESULT TABLE

W
Sr. Speed Weight Ttheo Tact
No. N on Pan [rad/Sec. Wp (Kg. m) (Kg. m)
[Kgl Trad/Sec.]

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SAMPLE OBSERVATION TABLE

Specification:
Weight of Rotor (W}: 6.3 kg and 3.17 kg.
Rotor Diameter [D]: 300 mm and 215 mm.
Rotor Thickness: 1Omm
Moment of inertia of the disc, coupling& motor rotor about central axis:

0.75kgcmsec2
Distance of bolt of weight pan from disc center: 18.9 cm
Motor: AC/ DC Fractional H.P. single phase 6000 rpm

Sample Observation Table:

Angle ofTime required for

Sr. Pan this
Speed N Weight precession
on precession.
No. [Kg de dt

[degree] Sec.]
1 2743 1 60 12.60
2 2725 1 60 12.45
3 2753 1 60 12.72
4 3000 1.5 60 8.22
5 3003 1.5 60 7.76
6 3008 1.5 60 7.97
3002 2 60 6.50
8 3002 2 60 6.42
9 3002 2 60 6.22

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SAMPLE CALCULATION PROCEDURE

SAMPLE READING NO 1

1. Tactual
T I. o. wp Kg.m

Where,
I=M.I.
= [WI g] x [D?18] =[6.3/9.81] x [0.318] = 7.2247 x 10 kg.m.sec

2xTT xN=2xTx 2743= 287.246 rad/sec

60 60

@p de = 1.0472 0.08311 rad sec.

dt 12.60
Where,
N RPM of Disc spin.
op Angular velocity of precession of yoke about vertical radians / second.
de Angle of precession in radians.
dt Time required for this precession in seconds.

T I.o. op = 7.2247 x 10 x 287.246 x 0.08311 =0.17247 kg.m

2. T theoretical
T= Gyroscopic couple Kg. m. = WxL
= 1x0.189
= 0.189 Kg.m

Where,
W= Weight on pan.
L Distance of Weight.

Conclusion To Determine:
TactualTtheoretical

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SAMPLE RESULT TABLE

W
Sr. Speed Weight W Ttheo Tact
on Pan
rad/Sec. (Kg. m)
No. N [rad/Sec.] (Kg. m)
[Kgl
1 2743 287.246 0.08311 0.189 0.17247

2725 285.361 0.08411 0.189 0.1734

3 2753 288.30 0.08232 0.189 0.17146

3000 1.5 314.16 0.1274 0.2835 0.2891

3003 1.5 314.473 0.1349 0.2835 0.304411
6 3008 1.5 314.99 0.1314 0.2835 0.299
7 3002 2 314.368 0.16110 0.378 0.3658
8 3002 2 314.264| 0.16311 0.378 0.3703

3002 2 314.368 0.16836 0.378 0.382

CONCLUSION:

Tactual TT theoretical

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