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ConChem Q4M1
ConChem Q4M1
9
Consumer
Chemistry
Quarter 4 Ð Module 1:
Properties of Medicine and Its
Major Classification
Science – Grade 9
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 4 – Module 1: Properties of Medicine and Its Major Classification
First Edition, 2021
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Consumer
Chemistry
Quarter 4 Ð Module 1:
Properties of Medicine and Its
Major Classification
Introductory Message
This Self-Learning Module (SLM) is prepared so that you, our dear learners,
can continue your studies and learn while at home. Activities, questions, directions,
exercises, and discussions are carefully stated for you to understand each lesson.
Each SLM is composed of different parts. Each part shall guide you step-by-
step as you discover and understand the lesson prepared for you.
In addition to the material in the main text, Notes to the Teacher are also
provided to our facilitators and parents for strategies and reminders on how they can
best help you on your home-based learning.
Please use this module with care. Do not put unnecessary marks on any part
of this SLM. Use a separate sheet of paper in answering the exercises and tests. And
read the instructions carefully before performing each task.
If you have any questions in using this SLM or any difficulty in answering the
tasks in this module, do not hesitate to consult your teacher or facilitator.
Thank you.
This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
master the nature of Chemistry. The scope of this module permits it to be used in
many different learning situations. The language used recognizes the diverse
vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow the standard
sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be changed to
correspond with the textbook you are now using.
What I Know
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
4. What will happen to the person with stomach virus taking an antibiotic?
a. His illness will be cured.
b. The symptoms of his illness will be lessened.
c. The duration of his illness will be shortened.
d. He will develop some drug-resistant bacteria.
6. Which of the following is the best treatment for viral diseases such as
diphtheria, mumps and smallpox?
a. Antibacterial drugs c. Tetracyclines
b. Antiviral drugs d. Vaccinations
a. Agonist c. Receptor
b. Antagonist d. Toxins
10. Which of the following represents the appropriate way to use a prescription drug?
(short to long)
WhatÕs In
In Grade 8, you learned about the different digestive systems and disorders.
You explored how the body obtains the nutrients and learned how to treat some
disorders. Digestive disorders encompass a variety of diseases ranging from mild to
severe. Common digestive disorders include gastroesophageal reflux disease, cancer,
irritable bowel syndrome, lactose intolerance and hiatal hernia. The most common
symptoms of digestive disorders include bleeding, bloating, constipation, diarrhea,
heartburn, pain, nausea and vomiting. Accurately diagnosing digestive disorders
involves collecting a thorough medical history and conducting a physical
examination. Some patients with digestive disorders may need more extensive
diagnostic evaluations, including endoscopic procedures, lab tests and imaging.
a. Take antibiotics.
b. Eat more bananas.
c. Do not eat anything.
d. Increase intake on the amount of fiber and water.
WhatÕs New
Pharmacy shelves are filled with medicines that come directly or indirectly
from nature, but nearly all need some processing to yield safe and effective drugs.
Doctors prescribe medicine to people to help them feel better or to make illnesses go
away. Grown-ups can buy some medicines in a store without a doctorÕs permission.
These kinds of medicines usually make people feel better when they are sick or hurt.
Another word for medicine is Òdrug.Ó When taken the right way, these kinds of drugs
help people. But some drugs are illegal. This means that it's against the law to use
them because they're very bad for your mind and body.
Activity 1.
Direction: List down five types of medicines found in your medicine cabinet and give
their functions.
Medicine Function/Uses
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What is It
But wait, what do these drugs act on? Drugs act on a regulator molecule,
known as a receptor, which literally receives the agonist or antagonist molecule, and
sends the signal to the body system it regulates, changing it to the liking of the
agonist (activate) or antagonist (inhibit).
Thus, drugs that are artificially delivered to patients must have the
following characteristics in order to be an effective pharmacological drug:
1. The drug must have a very specific size, shape, atomic configuration and
electrical charge to be able to interact with the receptor.
2. A drug must have the necessary properties to travel to its site of action or
receptor from its site of administration.
3. It must be easily inactivated or excreted from the body once it has been used
for its purpose.
Characteristics of Drugs:
Any drug given to the body can either be a solid (eg. aspirin), liquid (eg.
ethanol) or gas (nitrous oxide). What is the importance of this physical nature? The
physical nature of the drug determines how the drug is administered to the body.
Drug Size
The drug size must high enough to be unique to a receptor (this determines
the lower limit of drug size, 100 Molecular Weight (MW) Ð a drug ideally should not
be lower than this), All drugs must be able to carry out diffusion to move to the
compartments in which they are needed. If the drug size is too large, then there is
no way for the drug to diffuse into compartments, and the ability to diffuse decreases.
Small drugs are able to fit through the small pores and into compartments where
they can be used. Larger drugs just canÕt fit.
Three base units are commonly used for metric measurement of medications
to indicate weight (or mass), volume, and length: gram (g), liter (L), and meter (m)
▪ Covalent
Covalent bonds, as you know, are very strong bonds that are not readily broken.
An example of a drug that uses a covalent mechanism of action is aspirin, which
forms a covalent bond with its target enzyme, cyclooxygenase.
Aspirin works in two ways: An anti-inflammatory drug for pain relief and anti-
inflammation, by preventing production of the cyclooxygenase produced substance,
prostaglandins.
▪ Electrostatic
▪ Hydrophobic
The strength of the drug-receptor bond determines the specificity of the drug.
Drugs that bond via weak interactions usually are more specific, simply because only
one particular type of receptor can be able to bind it and thus induce its effect.
Another side effect of using a weakly reactive drug is that the drug cannot remain
bound for very long, and thus has only short acting effects.
Classifications of medicines
● Over-the-counter medicines
● Therapeutic classification
● Pharmacological classification
Describes the specific thing that the drug does on the molecular level in order
to elicit the desired physiological effect. Again focusing on the heart and blood
vessels, calcium channel blockers quite literally block calcium channels in the
heart, which are protein channels in the membranes of cells that regulate the
passage of calcium ions in and out of the cell.
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WhatÕs More
Activity 1
Definitions:
5. any drug or hormone in extremely high amounts can have harmful effects
6. poisons that are biologically synthesized
7. prescribed by a doctor or other authorized health professional and it has to
be dispensed from a pharmacy or from another specifically licensed place
8. can be bought only from pharmacies and under a pharmacistÕs supervision
9. general sale medicines and pharmacy medicines
10. receives the agonist or antagonist molecule, and sends the signal to the body
system it regulates
Assessment 1
Guide Questions:
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Activity 2
Direction: Read the following items carefully. Determine if the statement is TRUE or
FALSE.
Assessment 2
Guide Questions:
1. What are the three (3) major types of drug receptor bonds?
2. How are drugs administered?
3. Differentiate agonist from antagonist drug.
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Activity 3 (dagdagan)
● Ibuprofen (advil)
● Loratadine (claritine, cetirizine)
● Multivitamins (Enervon C)
● Chloramphenicol –eye drops (tobrex)
● Amoxicillin (amoxil)
● Magnesium hydroxide (kremil s)
● Loperamide (imodium)
● Clotrimazole (canesten, candiben)
● Losartan potassium (HBP) (cozaar)
● Ketoconazole (nizoral)
● Paracetamol (biogesic)
● Metformin (diabetes) (glumet)
Find one (1) sample product for POM, one (1) sample product for P and one (1) sample product for
OTC medicine present in your household. Paste the package below.
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Direction: Classify the given medicine. Write TC for therapeutic classification and
PC for pharmacological classification.
1. Diclofenac
2. Aspirin
3. Diazepam
4. Ibuprofen
5. Rosuvastatin
6. Losartan
7. Captopril
8. Loperamide
9. Bisacodyl
10. Benazepril
VENN DIAGRAM
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What I Can Do
Select two drugs that you want to learn more about. Then answer the
questions on this worksheet:
2. What category of
drug is this? How
do you know?
7. What is the
addiction risk of the
drug you are
researching (Low,
moderate, high)
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Assessment
Directions: Read each question carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.
3. What should you look for when you select an OTC medicine?
a. One that doesn't have red dye.
b. One that helps your main symptom.
c. One that's a time-release formula.
d. One that helps a wide range of symptoms.
6. Which of the following represents the appropriate way to use a prescription drug?
a. Taking it to get high
b. Snorting it to get relief faster
c. Taking it without a prescription
d. Taking the proper dosage as intended
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9. What should you do if you have adverse side effects while taking a prescription
medicine?
a. Stop taking the medicine.
b. Call your healthcare provider.
c. Take a smaller dose.
d. Go to a hospital emergency room.
Additional Activities
Imagine that you are a doctor, physician assistant or nurse practitioner. Your
patient has a condition that requires her to keep constant levels of a medication in
her body, but she is unable to swallow. She needs to take her medication at least
twice a day for the rest of her life. What other method(s) can you use to administer
her medication? To ensure patient compliance and safety, the drug delivery method
must be as simple as possible.
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References
Abhinav Karan (2015). Basics of Pharmacology I Ð Characteristics of Drugs.
Accessed February 1, 2021 The Art of Medicine
https://theartofmed.wordpress.com/2015/05/28/introduction-to-
pharmacology-i-characteristics-of-drugs/
Ontario Student Drug Use and Health Survey (OSDUHS): The Centre for Addiction
and Mental Health regularly release information about student drug use in
Ontario, Accessed February 2, 2021
http://www.camh.ca/en/research/news_and_publications/ontario-student-
drug-use-and-health-survey/Pages/default.aspx
John W. Hill, Doris K. Kolb, Terry W. McCreary ÒChemistry for Changing Times.
Accessed February 3, 2021
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