2.

REVIEW RELATED LITERATURE

The open-source hardware and software firm, project, and user community known as

Arduino creates and manufactures single-board microcontrollers and microcontroller kits for the

development of digital devices. Arduino is an open-source electronics platform built on simple

hardware and software. A motor can be started, an LED can be turned on, and something may be

published online by using an Arduino board to receive inputs like light on a sensor, a finger on a

button, or a tweet. Sending a set of instructions to the board's microcontroller will instruct your

board what to do. You achieve this by using the Arduino Software (IDE), which is based on

Processing, and the Wiring-based Arduino Programming Language. The software is distributed

under the GNU Lesser General Public License (LGPL) or the GNU General Public License

(GPL), although the company's hardware products are covered by a CC BY-SA license. This

allows anybody to produce Arduino boards and distribute the company's software. From the

official website or through accredited dealers, Arduino boards are sold commercially.

The Arduino board has been utilized in a variety of engineering projects and applications. The

Arduino software is fairly easy to use for beginners while still being sufficiently adaptable for

experienced users. Windows, Linux, and Mac are all supported. It is used by educators and

students in classrooms to create low-cost scientific instruments that may be used to validate

physics and chemical principles. For physical computing, there are several additional

microcontroller systems available. The BX-24 from The Netmedia, the Parallax Basic Stamp, the

Handyboard from MIT, Phidget, and many other products offer comparable capabilities.
Although it offers some advantages over other systems for teachers, students, and beginners,

Arduino also makes the operation of microcontrollers simpler than other systems.

a. Inexpensive

b. Cross-platform

c. The environment for writing straightforward, basic programs

d. Software that is extendable and open source

e. Hardware that is expandable and open source

The first first Arduino board was created in 2005 at the Interactive Design Institute in Ivrea,

Italy. Wiring board was developed by Hernando Barragan, a Massimo Banzi student at IDII in

Italy who also constructed the first prototype board with a straightforward and user-friendly

separate programming platform. Later on, Arduino was developed by Massimo Banzi and his

colleague David Cuartielles. David Mellis appropriates the work of the Wiring-based Arduino

software. Gianluca Martino and Tom Igoe joined the Massimo Banzi project as two additional

participants, making these five individuals the actual founders of an Arduino board.

The most typical kind of motor is a DC motor, or direct current motor. Typically, DC motors

only have two leads: a positive lead and a negative lead. The motor will turn if you connect these

two lines straight to a battery. The motor will rotate counter clockwise if the leads are switched.

The DC motor, which has uses in both households and industries, is regarded as the most basic

type of motor. An electric window in a car, an electric car, an elevator and many more is the

examples. Electromagnetic induction is the foundation of the DC motors' operating concept. It

implies that the force produced by the magnetic fields affects how the motor rotates. Electrical

energy is transformed into mechanical energy. Direct current can be used to power these motors.

Insulated wires are wrapped around the iron core at the center, focusing on the magnetic field

created when the current flows through the wires. The motor's core is encircled by several turns

of insulated wire windings. The commutator is linked to the wire ends. The commutator

energizes the armature coils further and uses brushes to connect the revolving coils to the power

source. The following is a list of benefits of using DC motors:

a. Low price

b. easy to control motor speed

c. really dependable

d. Very Little Maintenance

e. high-torque starting

f. swift beginning

g. different speeds

h. no harmonics

There’s so many studies that relates in using Arduino Dc Motor, Design and Development of An

Automatic Door Gate Based on Internet of Things Using Arduino Uno