Professional Documents
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Lesson Plan #2-A
Lesson Plan #2-A
TEACHING AIDS:
Chalk board. (sheet attached)
Computer and Multimedia.
Common drawing instruments.
Model wall Chart / Transparency of the selected object.
Progress sheet with solution.
TEACHING METHOD:
Steps….
1-Questioning & answering
2-Demonstration
MOTIVATION:
Technical drawing tools are the tools used for technical drawing, including, and not limited to: pens, rulers, compasses,
protractors, and drawing utilities. Drawing tools may be used for measurement and layout of drawings, or to improve the
consistency and speed of creation of standard drawing elements.
SAFETY PRECAUTION:
1. Should never hit anyone with your T-square.
2. Should never throw triangles like shurikens.
3. Should never stab anyone with pen and pencils.
4. Never eat the eraser.
5. Never slap your friends face with ruler.
6. Never use drafting compass as a navigating tool.
7. Never eat your classmate's paper/plate.
A -DRAWING TOOLS
1. DRAWING PENCILS
2. DRAWING BOARD
3. T-SQUARE
4. DRAFTING MACHINE
5. FRENCH CURVES
6. SET SQUARES
7. RULERS
8. COMPASS
9. TEMPLATES (CIRCLE TEMPLATES/ ELLIPSE TEMPLATES)
10. COMPASS CUTTER
11. REFILLABLE PENCIL
12. TRACING PEN
13. ADJUSTABLE SQUARE
14. PARALLEL RULE
15. FLEXI-CURVE
16. CRAFT KNIFE
17. PENCIL SHARPENERS
18. INSTRUMENT BOX CONTAINING:
a. LARGE SIZE COMPASS INCLUDING PEN ATTACHMENT AND LENGTHENING BAR.
b. LARGE SIZE DIVIDERS.
c. THREE BOW INSTRUMENTS
d. SMALL BOW PENCIL
e. SMALL BOW DIVIDER
f. SMALL BOW PEN
19. PROTRACTOR
20. SAND PAPER
21. FINE PEN
22. ENGINEER'S SCALE
23. VERNIER PROTRACTOR
DRAWING BOARD
Drawing board is made from strips of well-seasoned soft wood generally, 25 mm thick. It is cleated at the back by two
battens to prevent warping One of the shorter edges of the rectangular board is pro-vided with perfectly straight ebony
edge which is used as working edge on which the T-square is moved while making Drawings.
T-SQUARE
T-Squares are used to draw horizontal lines. They are especially useful when constructing accurate orthographic drawings
or architectural drawings. A T-Square is normally used with a drawing board, set squares and clips. It must be pushed firmly
against the edge of the drawing board when it is being used. These are available in different sizes.
Designation Lengths
T0 1500
T1 1000
T2 700
T3 500
Uses: T-square is used primarily for guiding the set-squares when drawing vertical or inclined lines. All of the function of a
t square can be accomplished by the correct use of a drafting machine or mini drafter.
FRENCH CURVES
French Curves are purchased in sets of three or four. They are used to draw curves by finding the
section of curve that matches the desired shape on the profile of the curve. Some French Curves also
have either circles or ellipses of various sizes cut out. These can be used in the same way as circle or
ellipse templates.
SET SQUARES
Set squares are generally made from Plastic or celluloid material. They are triangular in shape with one corner, a
right angle triangle. A pair of set squares (30°–60°) and 45° (45° set square are generally pro square are generally
pro-vided with Protractor) facilitate vided with Protractor) facilitate marking of angles as shown in figures. They
are used to draw lines at 30°, 60° and 45° to the vertical and horizontal
COMPASS CUTTER
A compass cutter is extremely useful if you are attempting to cut circles in card or paper. using
scissors often produces poor results but a compass cutter usually cuts accurately. The compass cutter
can be adjusted to cut circles of varying sizes. The cutting point is a craft knife blade. care should still
be taken when using this type of cutter.
TRACING PEN
The pen has an ink container which contains a metal tube, inside which is a thin metal needle or wire, the
soul. Ink is absorbed between the needle and the tube wall, preventing an excessive amount of ink from
being released. The needle has a weight and by waving the pen back and forth the needle is released and
the ink can run.
ADJUSTABLE SQUARE
An Adjustable Square is a set square which can be adjusted to almost any angle. When adjusted a
small screw is hand tightened, locking the set square in position. This means that there is no need to
have both 45 and 30/60 degree set squares. They are much more expensive than normal set squares.
FLEXI-CURVE
A Flexi-curve is used to draw curves. It can be formed into almost any curve as it is flexible. Flex-
curves are useful as they are simply shaped to form the desired curve. However, a flex-curve is
delicate and if forced into a tight curve it will break.
CRAFT KNIFE
A craft knife is used to cut out card shapes It is important that a steel ruler is used as the sharp blade of
the craft knife is less likely to slip. A cutting mat should be placed below the card being cut. Also, if a
plastic ruler is used the knife can easily cut into its straight edge, damaging it. Great care must be
taken when using a craft knife as they are very sharp, if they slip they can cut hands and fingers very
badly.
PENCIL SHARPENERS
Pencil sharpeners are essential for sharpening pencils. Accurate drawings cannot be produced unless
they are sharp. However, when shading a blunt pencil is sometimes useful.
PROTRACTOR
A protractor, or half circle, is used for measuring or setting off angles. It is divided into 180 equal parts. Each
division is one degree.
HOW TO USE IT
Align the horizontal and vertical lines in the center of the protractor with the point of the angle and mark (or read)
the required measurement.
WHERE TO USE IT
To mark or measure angles on a drawing
FINE PEN
A fine pen (colour - normally black) is used to draw permanent, accurate lines. Fine pens are available
with various thicknesses of 'tips'. They are especially useful for printing and placing notes alongside
designs and sketches. They are also used for producing the final outline of a design. Fine pens are
relatively cheap and come in a range of colours.
ERASING SHIELD
An eraser shield is a thin sheet of steel or plastic with slots and holes to allow an eraser to be used through them.
They are designed to allow lines to be erased without removing lines close by.
HOW TO USE IT
Place the eraser shield over the line to be removed and gently rub with the eraser until the line has been removed.
WHERE TO USE IT
Used when a line lose to other lines needs to be removed from a drawing.
VERNIER PROTRACTOR
A Vernier protractor is used to obtain a very accurate measurement of angles through the Vernier scale.
HOW TO USE IT
Align straight edge with zero edge of protractor and read or measure angle from the scale.
WHERE TO USE IT
Use for very accurate angular measurement ie degrees and minutes
Maintenance
Store carefully to protect from damage as this is a precision instrument.
2. What are the standard sizes of the drawing boards? Which size of drawing board is suitable for the practices of
5. How pencils are graded? Give the various shapes of the pencil lead along with their field of applications.
7. What is the maximum size of circle that can be drawn by a bow compass?
10. What is the use of French curves? Explain its working in brief.
11. State the angles that can be made with the help of a pair of set-squares.
12. How parallel lines are drawn with the help of a set-square? Explain with a neat sketch.
15. Why should a sharpener be avoided for preparing the print of pencils?
18. What information should be contained in the title block of a drawing sheet?
21. When an item references is required? How the item list is prepared?