APRIL 29-30, 2024

TH
4 QUARTER -SCIENCE 8 (TAKE HOME ACTIVITIES)
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This are our remaining TOPICs
The Concept of Species S8LT-IVg-19
Species is a Latin word meaning “kind” or “appearance” Biologists compare morphology,
physiology, biochemistry, and DNA sequences when grouping organisms. Study the table below and do
Activity No. 7.

Description True bacteria Extreme Plant-like / Feed on dead Main Classified as

bacteria animal-like matters producers invertebrates
/ vertebrates

The advantages of High Biodiversity in Maintaining the Stability of an Ecosystem (S8LT-IVh-21)

The term “biodiversity” refers to the variety of living organisms. Biodiversity brings together the different species and
forms of life. It was in the late 1980s that the concept of biodiversity became a major concern. This attention followed the
increasingly obvious recognition of how human activities had been responsible for the degradation and destruction of
ecosystems and their biodiversity.

Directions: Analyze pictures A and B below. With your previous knowledge on biodiversity answer the following guide questions.
Choose only the letter of your answer. (A. Jungle or B. Pineapple plantation)

High Biodiversity Low Biodiversity

The Transfer of Energy in the Trophic levels. (S8LT-IVi-22)

Tropic Levels and Ecological Pyramid

Each step in a food chain or food web is called a trophic level. Producers make up the first trophic level.
They are usually authotrophs or can make their own food like plants. Consumers make up higher trophic levels. Each
consumer depends on the trophic level for its energy. The flow of energy is an essential feature of every ecosystem.

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The transfer of energy through tropic levels and up to food chain often oversimplified by the general rule of thumb known
as the10% rule. This rule assumes that only 10% of energy consumed by one level is available to the next trophic level.
90% is lost as heat and/or used for the purposes of the organisms for living needs such as metabolism, reproduction, and
growth and repair of cells, tissues and organs. Mostly consumers are heterotrophs. They consume producers or other
consumers.

Food Chain is a way of transferring energy from one organism to another from the main source which is the PRODUCERS.

Food web consists of all the food chains in a single ecosystem. Each living thing in an ecosystem is part of multiple
food chains. Each food chain is one possible path that energy and nutrients may take as they move through the
ecosystem.
RECYCLING OF MATERIALS IN AN ECOSYSTEM
Nitrogen Cycle is a biogeochemical process which transforms the inert nitrogen present in the atmosphere to a more
usable form for living organisms.

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Ways to Minimize Human Impact on the Environment (S8LT-IVj-25)

Environmental problems/issues are due to harmful effects of human activity on the biophysical environment.
Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the natural environment on the individual, organizational or
governmental levels, for the benefit of both the environment and humans. Environment destruction caused by
humans is a global, ongoing problem. By the year 2050, the global human population is expected to grow by 2 billion
people, thereby reaching a level of 9.6 billion people. The human effects on Earth can be seen in many different
ways. A main one is the temperature rise, and according to the report “Our Changing Climate”, the global warming
that has been going on for the past 50 years is primarily due to human activities. Since 1895, the average
temperature in the United States has increased by between1.3 degree F and 1.9 degrees F, with most of the increase
taking place since around 1970.

Flooding is an overflowing of water onto land that is normally dry. Floods can happen during heavy rains, when
ocean waves come on shore, when snow melts quickly, or when dams or levees break. Water Pollution is the
contamination of water bodies, usually as a result of human activities. Water bodies include for example lakes,
rivers, oceans, aquifers and groundwater. Ozone Depletion is a major environmental problem because it increases
the amount of ultraviolet (UV) radiation that reaches Earth's surface, which increases the rate of skin cancer, eye
cataracts, and genetic and immune system damage. Acid Rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is
unusually acidic, meaning that it has elevated levels of hydrogen ions (low pH). It can have harmful effects on plants,
aquatic animals, and infrastructure. Overpopulation occurs when a species' population exceeds the carrying capacity
of its ecological niche. It can result from an increase in births (fertility rate), a decline in the mortality rate, an
increase in immigration, or an unsustainable biome and depletion of resources.

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LONG TEST: Choose the LETTER of your answer and WRITE it in ¼ paper.
SUMMATIVE TEST: Choose only the letter of your answer.
___1. Which of the following is the correct sequence of the steps involved in the process of Human Digestive System?
a. Digestion, Ingestion, Assimilation, Excretion and Absorption
b. Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation and Excretion
c. Excretion, Absorption, Digestion, Assimilation and Ingestion
d. Assimilation, Absorption, Ingestion, Digestion and Excretion
___2. Which of the following processes of human digestive system by which absorbed nutrients from the digested food are used
by the cells and becomes a part of the body? a. Assimilation b. Digestion c. Absorption d. Excretion
___3. Mitosis and meiosis are processes involved in cellular reproduction. Which of the following describes an event that results
from mitosis but NOT in meiosis? a. two stages of cell division b. replication of cellular genetic material
c. daughter cells that are identical to the parent cell d. four daughter cells that are produced from each parent cell
___4. Which of the following occurs in the male and female gonads to produce gametes?
a. Mitosis b. Meiosis c. Mitosis and meiosis d. Cell Cycle
___5. Who is known as the Father of Heredity? a. Gregor Mendel b. Carolus Linnaeus c. Isaac Newton d. Galileo
___6. What is expected of the genotypes of offspring in pure bred long and pure bred short plants?
a. All ll b. All LL c. All Ll d. All Gg
___7. How many long stemmed plants are expected as referred to in question in no. 6?
a. 4 long stemmed b. 3 long, 1 short c. 4 short plants d. all short
___8. Which of the following alleles is NOT in a homozygous condition? a. YY b. yy c. Yy d. Both a & b
___9. Which of these is a wrinkled seed? a. rr b. Rr c. RR d. Both a & c
___10. What makes an organism classified as eukaryotic? a. lack nucleus b. have nucleus
c. has chlorophyll d. have cell wall
___11. Which groups is mostly multicellular, eukaryotic, and absorb nutrients from decaying matter?
a. Animalia b.Plantae c. Fungia d. Protista
___12. What is biodiversity? a. the variety of species on earth b. non renewable resources
c. the rate of species decline d . Over population
___13. Which of the following is a human threat to biodiversity?
a. Habitat destruction b. Pollution c. Population growth d. All of the above
For item numbers 14-15, refer to the drawing below.
A B

___14. Image "B" shows more biodiversity than image "A". Why?
1. Because "B" shows lots of different species than image "A"
2. Because image "B" has less species than "A"
c. "A" has a greater number of same species plants.
d. Both images show the same biodiversity
___15.What do you think will happen to “A” if this plantation will be attacked by coconut virus?
1. All of it will die. b. The organisms that depend on them will also disappear due to lack of food.
c. The oxygen supply in the area will decrease. d. All of the above will result.
___16.What is the original source of almost all the energy in most ecosystems?
a. carbohydrates b. sunlight c. water d. carbon
___17. What is the process when animals take in oxygen from the atmosphere and give off carbon dioxide? __________
a. nitrification c. precipitation b. respiration d. transpiration
___18. What trophic level in the energy pyramid is the snake that eats a frog that has eaten an insect that fed on a plant
belongs? a. first- level producer c. second – level producer b. first – level consumer d. third – level consumer
___19. Why carbon dioxide is primarily called a greenhouse gas?
a. traps heat b. traps light c. traps warm currents d. None of the above
___20. What is main source of ocean’s pollution?
a. oil b. petroleum products c. detergents d. all of these

GOD BLESSES YOU!

Nes’04/29-30/24