INTER SECOND YEAR 2023-2024 INTER SECOND YEAR 2023-2024

LONG ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS 20. Whate are the physiological processes that are regulated by ethylene in plants?
21. Which one of the plant growth regulators would you use if our asked to : a) rooting
RESPIRATION IN PLANTS in twig, b) quickly ripen a fruit, c) delay leaf senescence, d) induce growth in
axillary buds, e) bolt a rosette plant, f) induce immediate stomatal closure in
1. Give an account of glycolysis. Where does it occur ? what are the end products? leaves, g) overcome apical dominance, h) kill dicotyledonous seeds?
trace the fate of these products in both aerobic and anerobic respiration?
VIRUSES
2. Explain the reactions of krebs cycle?
22. What is ICTV? How are viruses are named?
23. Explain chemical structure of viruses?
BIOTECNOLOGY PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES
24. Explain the structure of TMV?
3. Explain briefly the various processes of recombinant DNA technology ?
25. Explain the structure of T- even bacteriophages?
4. Give a brief account of the tools of recombinant DNA technology?
26. Explain the lytic cycle with reference to certain viruses?
PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATIONS
STRATEGIES FOR ENHANCEMENT IN FOOD PRODUCTION
27. Mention the advantages of selecting pea plant for his experiment by Mendel ?
5. You’re a botanist working in the area of plant breeding. Describe the various steps
28. Differentiate between the fallowing : a) Dominant and recessive, b) Homozygous
that you will under take to release a new variety?
and heterozygous, c) Monohybrid and dihybrid?
6. Describe the tissue culture technique and what are the advantages of tissue culture
29. Explain the law of dominance using a mono hybrid cross?
over conventional method of plant breeding in crop improvement programs?
30. Define and design a test cross?
SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS 31. Explain the fallowing terms with examples : a) Co – dominance, b) Incomplete
dominance?
TRANSPORT IN PLANTS 32. How many types of RNA exist in the cells? write their names and functions?
1. Define and explain water potential? 33. Define law of segregation and law of independent assortment ?
2. Write a short notes on facilitated diffusion? MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE
3. What is meant by plasmolysis ? how is it practically useful to us? 34. Define transformation in Griffith’s experiment ? discuss how it helps in the
4. How does ascent of sap occur in tall trees? identification of DNA as genetic material?
5. Explain pressure flow hypothesis of translocation of sugars in plants? 35. What is the contribution of George Gamow , H.G Khorana, Marshall Nirenberg in
6. “transpiration is a necessary evil “ Explain? deciphering the genetic code?
MINERAL NUTRITION 36. Draw the schematic or diagrammatic presentation of lac operon?
37. What are the differences between DNA and RNA?
7. Explain the steps involved in formation of root nodule?
38. Write the important features of genetic code?
8. Write in brief how plants synthesize amino acids?
39. Write briefly on nucleosomes?
9. Explain nitrogen cycle giving relevant examples ?
ENZYMES BIOTECHNOLOGY AND IT’S APPLICATIONS
40. List out the beneficial aspects of transgenic plants?
10. Write briefly about enzyme inhibitors?
41. What are some bio-safety issues concerned with genetically modified crops?
11. Explain different types of co factors?
42. Give a brief account on Bt-cotton?
12. Explain the mechanism of enzyme action?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS
13. Explain the structure of the chloroplast ?/ draw a neat labelled diagram?
14. Tabulate the differences between c3 and c4 plants? TRANSPORT IN PLANTS
15. Describe the c4 pathway?
1. What are porins? What role do they play in diffusion?
16. Describe in brief about photorespiration?
2. Define water potential. What is the value of water potential of pure water?
PLANT GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT
3. Differentiate osmosis from diffusion?
17. Write a note on agricultural/horticultural applications of auxins?
4. What are apoplast and symplast ?
18. Write the physiological response of gibberellins in plants?
5. How does guttation differ from transpiration?
19. Write any four physiological effects of cytokinin’s in plants?
6. Compare the pH of guard cells during the opening and closing of stomata?

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 INTER SECOND YEAR 2023-2024 INTER SECOND YEAR 2023-2024

7. How does ABA bring about the closure of stomata under water stress conditions? 36. What is meant by capping and tailing?
PHOTOSYNTHESIS IN HIGHER PLANTS 37. Difference between exon and introns?
8. Where does the photolysis of H2O occur? What is its significance? 38. What are the components of transcription unit?
9. How many molecules of ATP and NADPH are needed to fix a molecule of CO2 in 39. What are molecular scissors? Where are they obtained from ?
C3 plants? Where does this process occur? BIOTECNOLOGY PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES
10. Distinguish between action spectrum and absorption spectrum? 40. What is the full form of PCR? How is it useful in biotechnology ?
11. Define the law of limiting factors proposed by Blackman? 41. What is down- stream processing ?
12. What is the primary acceptor of CO2 in C3 plants? What is first stable compound 42. How does visualize the DNA on an agar gel ?
formed in a calvin cycle? 43. Name any two artificially restructured plasmids ?
13. What is the primary acceptor of CO2 in C4 plants? What is the first compound BIOTECHNOLOGY AND IT’S APPLICATIONS
formed as a result of primary carboxylation in the C4 pathway? 44. What is GEAC and what are its objectives?
BACTERIA 45. Name the nematode that infects the roots of tobacco plants. Name the strategy
14. What are pleomorphic bacteria? Give an example? adopted to prevent this infestation?
15. What is a genophore? 46. Give one example for each of transgenic plants which are suitable for food
16. What is plasmid? What is its significance? processing and those with improved nutritional quality?
17. What is conjugation? Who discovered it and in which organism? 47. Can a disease be detected before its symptoms appear? Explain the principle
18. What is transformation? Who discovered it and in which organism? involved?
PRINCIPLES OF INHERITANCE AND VARIATIONS 48. Give different types of cry genes and pests, which are controlled by the protein
19. What is the cross between the F1 progeny and the homozygous recessive parent encoded by these genes ?
called? How is it useful? STRATAGIES FOR ENHANCEMENT IN FOOD PRODUCTION
20. Who proposed the Chromosome Theory of Inheritance ? 49. Give two examples of fungi used in SCP production ?
21. Explain the terms phenotype and genotype? 50. Write the most important characteristic that Aspergillus Niger, Clostridium botulinum
22. What is point mutation ? Give an example ? and Lactobacillus share ?
23. What is the genetic nature of wrinkled phenotype of pea seeds? 51. For which variety of Indian rice, has a patent been filed by a USA company ?
MOLECULAR BASIS OF INHERITANCE 52. Name two semi dwarf varieties of rice developed in India?
24. Distinguish between heterochromatin and euchromatin. Which of the two is MICROBES IN HUMAN WELFARE
transcriptionally active? 53. Why does ‘Swiss Cheese’ have big holes. Name the bacteria responsible for it?
25. Who proved that DNA is genetic material? What is the organism they worked on? 54. What are fermenters?
26. What is the function of DNA polymerase? 55. What is Nucleo poly hedrovirus is being used for now a days?
27. What are the components of a nucleotide? 56. Name any two industrially important enzymes?
28. Given below is the sequence of coding strand of DNA in a transcription unit. 5’ A A 57. Name an immunosuppressive agent. From where it is obtained?
T G C A G C T A T T A G G -3’ Write the sequence of a) its complementary strand b) 58. What is the group of bacteria found in both rumen of cattle and sludge of sewage
the m-RNA? treatment?
29. Name any three viruses which have RNA as the genetic material? 59. Name the scientists who were credited for showing the role of penicillin as an
30. What is meant by point mutation? Give an example? antibiotic?
31. What is the function of the codon AUG? 60. Name a microbe used for statin production. How do statin lower blood cholesterol
32. Define stop codon. Write the codons? level ?
33. Write any two chemical differences between DNA and RNA? 61. Name any two genetically modified crops ?
34. The proportion of nucleotides in a given nucleic acid are: Adenine 18%, Guanine
30%, Cytosine 42%, and Uracil 10%. Name the nucleic acid and mention the
number of strands in it?
35. What is the difference between the template strand and a coding strand in a DNA
molecule?

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