PPT3801 STATISTIK DALAM PERNIAGAANTANI

TUTORIAL 9 Non-Parametric Statistical Techniques

1. Perform the Wilcoxon rank sum test for independent samples to determine if there is sufficient
evidence to indicate that the two population locations differ. (Use a = .10)

Sample 1 Sample 2
15 17
25 10
19 13
16 10
12 8

a. What are your hypotheses?

b. Calculate the Test statistic and P-value.
c. Show your rejection region with the graph.
d. Interpret your result.

2. Test the following hypotheses using the Wilcoxon rank sum test for independent samples.

H0: The two population locations are the same.

H1 : The location of population A is to the right of the location of population B.

n1 = 5 ; T 1 = 47 ; n2 = 8 ; T2 = 44 ; α = .05

3. There are several brands of a product that gradually turns gray hair back to its original color.
Brand 1 has been on the market for several decades, while Brand 2 was recently developed. The
manufacturer of Brand 2 claims that her product is superior in that it turns gray hair dark in a
short period of time. To examine these claim 16 gray-haired men were recruited. Eight were
given Brand 1, and the remaining eight were giving Brand 2. Each was told to use his assigned
product daily until all gray hair disappeared. The number of days was recorded and is shown in
the accompanying table. Do these data provide sufficient evidence at the 5% significance level to
indicate that Brand 2 is superior? Assume that the number of days is not normally distributed.

Brand 1 Brand 2
15 29
28 16
20 20
29 22
35 18
17 20
28 18
26 15
 a. What are your hypotheses?
b. Calculate the Test statistic and P-value.
c. Show your rejection region with the graph.
d. Interpret your result.

4. Use the sign test to determine if there is enough evidence with a = .05 to conclude that the two
population locations differ.

Pair A B
1 8 9
2 5 6
3 5 7
4 6 5
5 6 8
6 4 7
7 6 9
8 3 6
9 5 4
10 4 7
11 4 6
12 7 5

a. What are your hypotheses?

b. Calculate the Test statistic.
c. Show your rejection region with the graph.
d. Interpret your result.

5. Test the hypotheses below using the sign test with a = .01.

H0: The two population locations are the same.

H1 : The location of population 1 is to the left of the location of population 2.

Number of positive differences (D = X1 – X2 ) = 38

Number of negative differences = 57

Number of zero differences = 5

a. What are your hypotheses?

b. Calculate the Test statistic.
c. Show your rejection region with the graph.
d. Interpret your result.
6. Several years ago the producers of the television broadcast of Sunday afternoon football games
tried an experiment: They telecast one game with no play-by-play announcer. A random sample
of 400 football fans was selected, and each fan was asked to indicate whether he or she preferred
the no-announcer telecast or the regular telecast. The results were 210 preferred the regular
telecast, 176 preferred the no-announcer telecast, and 14 indicated no preference. Do these data
allow us to conclude at the 5% level of significance that among all football fans the regular
telecast is preferred?

a. What are your hypotheses?

b. Calculate the Test statistic and P-value.
c. Show your rejection region with the graph.
d. Interpret your result.

7. Perform the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test for the matched pairs experiment to determine if there
is sufficient evidence to indicate that the two population locations differ. (Use α = .05.)

Pair 1 2
1 20 22
2 17 25
3 14 13
4 18 23
5 16 20
6 14 19
7 10 12

a. What are your hypotheses?

b. Calculate the Test statistic.
c. Show your rejection region with the graph.
d. Interpret your result.

8. Many sporting goods stores sell X-ed out golf balls. These are golf balls that the manufacturer’s
quality controllers have identified as imperfect. It is claimed that the imperfections are cosmetic
(e.g., defects in the printing of the name) and do not in any way affect the playing characteristics.
A group of ardent golfers decides to test the claim. Each golfer hits one X-ed out golf ball and
one perfect golf ball of the same brand with his driver. The distances are recorded and are shown
below. If we assume that the distances are not normally distributed, can we conclude that the X-
ed out golf ball is not as good as its perfect counterpart? Test with α = .05.

Golfer X-ed Out Golf Ball Perfect Ball

Jack 253 259
Amie 239 236
Greg 265 273
Tom 261 280
Larry 185 188
Moe 166 160
Curly 191 203
9. The management of fast-food restaurants is extremely interested in knowing how their customers rate the
quality of food and service and the cleanliness of the restaurants. Customers are given the opportunity to
fill out customer comment cards. Suppose that one franchise wanted to compare how customers rate the
three shifts (4:00 p.m. to midnight, midnight to 8:00 a.m., and 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.). In a preliminary
study, 10 customer cards were randomly selected from each shift. The responses to the question concerning
speed of service were stored in columns 1 to 3, respectively, (4 = excellent, 3 = good, 2 = fair, and 1 =
poor) and are listed here. Do these data provide sufficient evidence at the 5% significance level to indicate
whether customers perceive the speed of service to be different between the three shifts?

4:00 p.m. to Midnight Midnight to 8:00 a.m. 8:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m.
4 3 3
4 4 1
3 2 3
4 2 2
3 3 1
3 4 3
3 3 4
3 3 2
2 2 4
3 3 1

10. The personnel manager of a national accounting firm has been receiving complaints from senior managers
about the quality of recent hirings. All new accountants are hired through a process whereby four managers
interview the candidate and rate her or him on several dimensions, including academic credentials, previous
work experience, and personal suitability. Each manager then summarizes the results and produces an
evaluation of the candidate. There are five possibilities:

1. The candidate is in the top 5% of applicants.

2. The candidate is in the top 10% of applicants, but not in the top 5%.
3. The candidate is in the top 25% of applicants, but not in the top 10%.
4. The candidate is in the top 50% of applicants, but not in the top 25%.
5. The candidate is in the bottom 50% of applicants.

The evaluations are then combined in making the final decision. The personnel manager believes that the
quality problem is caused by the evaluation system. However, she needs to know whether there is general
agreement or disagreement between the interviewing managers in their evaluations. To test for differences
between the managers, she takes a random sample of the evaluations of eight applicants. The results are
shown below. What conclusions can the personnel manager draw from these data? Employ a 5%
significance level.

Manager
Applicant 1 2 3 4
1 2 1 2 2
2 4 2 3 2
3 2 2 2 3
4 3 1 3 2
5 3 2 3 5
6 2 2 3 4
7 4 1 5 5
8 3 2 5 3