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Biomass Gasifier Based Electric Power Project (2x25 KW)
Biomass Gasifier Based Electric Power Project (2x25 KW)
Biomass Gasifier Based Electric Power Project (2x25 KW)
Prepared by:
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee-247 667
August 2006
Govt. of India, New Delhi
Prepared by:
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre
Indian Institute of Technology
Roorkee-247 667
August 2006
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page No.
i. Foreward
ii. Executive Summary
iii Salient Features S1-S3
iv. Photographs P1-P10
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Project Sponsor 1
1.3 Nodal Agency & Associated Organizations 1
1.4 Selection of Village for Model DPR 2
1.5 General Information – Village Shikarpur 2
1.6 Forest Around Shikarpur 4
1.7 Wood as Fuel 4
1.8 Forest Land Under Van Samiti 4
2.1 General 5
2.2 Power / Energy Requirement 5
3.1 Biomass 9
3.2 Biomass Management 10
3.3 Resources of Operation and Maintenance 11
3.4 Monetary Resource 11
3.5 Nodal Agency for Installation of the Plant 11
3.6 O & M Activities 11
CHAPTER – 4 CIVIL WORKS
4.1 Introduction 12
4.2 Civil Works 12
4.3 Construction 13
4.4 Water Supply System and Room 13
4.5 Miscellaneous 14
7.1 Testing 26
7.2 Commissioning 26
7.3 Acceptance Tests at Site 26
11.1 General 39
11.2 Formation of Committee for Supervision of O & M 39
To make the Remote Village Electrification (RVE) programme successful, it is necessary that
the planning, design, execution and operation and maintenance of RVE projects is efficient
and reliable and also economical in the long run. MNES, vide letters number 13/5/2005 – 06
RVE dated 23.12.2005 and even number dated 09.03.2006 has asked the alternate Hydro
Energy Centre, IIT, Roorkee (AHEC) to prepare model detailed project reports (DPRs) for the
following four categories :
The villages are to be selected from the States of Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal, Jharkhand
and Uttaranchal to make the DPRs more versatile and practical so that these model DPRs can
be used with slight site specific changes by even those users who may not have much
technical expertise.
This Document has been prepared for RVE through Biomass gasification based electric
Power Plant for the Category “B-2” village: Shikarpur (District– 24 South Pargana, State –
West Bengal) and also to serve as a Model Document recommended for use as a guide for
RVE of similar category villages (including those ones having some variation in number of
house holds) with plant and site specific modification. Any suggestions from institutions,
organizations, users and interested individuals are welcome. Suggestions should be addressed
to:
Head,
Alternate Hydro Energy Centre,
Indian Institute of Technology,
Roorkee – 247667, Uttaranchal, India.
E-mail: ahec@iitr.ernet.in
Fax: +91 – 1332 – 273517.
With the rapid changing scenario of fast depleting conventional energy sources, rapid
grooving demand of power the future of conventional electric power systems are getting
uncertain. This has led to world wide thrust on development and use of non-conventional
energy sources for electric power generation & use. This coupled with almost no chances of
extending the electric power grids to the village located in the isolated islands.
Shikarpur, in the Sagar islands of 24 South Pargana district of West Bengal is such a
backward and schedule cast dominated village, where habitants are poor and deprived of
normal liying status. Most of the families are marginal farmers or labourers and are below
poverty line and even some of them are jobless. The Biomass gasifier based electric power
plant proposed for this village will be helpful for:
The project is envisaged to be constructed in a period of 12 months from the date of signing
the contract agreement. The West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency has
expressed the reservation for continuous availability of biomass and hence suggested for a
hybrid system having both solar and biomass systems. Whereas it was beyond the scope of
present work to formulate a hybrid system, therefore, DPR has been prepared for biomass
gasifier power plant only.
The estimated cost of the proposed 50 kW electric power project works out to Rs. 87.890
lacs. The cost of generation work out to Rs. 13.473 per kWh and 17.964 per kWh with
subsidy at 80% & 60% LF respectively and Rs. 15.658 per kWh and Rs. 20.878 per kWh
without subsidy 80% & 60% LF respectively. Villagers are not in a position to bear a part of
the cost of the project or to pay the generation cost as per usage, it is envisaged that each
family will contribute a sum of Rs. 1000.00 towards the capital cost and 5 point load
consumer will pay every month Rs. 150.00 and 3 point load consumer will pay Rs. 100.00
each, on monthly basis.
The running and maintenance of the project will be done by a committee formed by the
villagers and Van Samiti of the Panchayat. The source funding for the as follows:
The area is having sporadic plantation. The usual mangrove forest or forest in real sense
is not observed at this place. The dominant species are Bamboo, Babul, Eculiptis, Sunozari,
Habwl, Gazan and Rokul etc. Waste Land Reclamation Board has started plantation in the region
on a larger scale. Thick forest is found in the Shikarpur island located at a distance nearly 2 km
from the Shikarpur in the Muri Ganga domain.
Photo - 3: A Distant View of Muriganga The ferry Service Between the Lot No. 8
and Kachubaria Links the Sagar Island With the Main Land
P-2
Cultivation of Betal Leaf (Pan)
P-3
Photo - 6: A Close View of the Houses. These house Have Two to Three Rooms
and Will Opt for Three Point Connection.
Photo - 7 : A View of Houses and Internal Road inside the Village Shikarpur.
P-4
Photo - 10 : Thatched Roof Houses Inside the Village.
P-6
Photo - 12 : A View of the Shop in the Village Sikarpur.
P-7
Photo - 14 : A View of Vegetation Along the Path.
Photo - 15: A View of Recent Plantation Through Waste Land Reclamation Board.
P-8
Photo - 16 : Another View of Recent Plantation Along the Path.
P-9
Proposed Power Plant Site
P-10
Photo - 18 : Officals of WBREDA, Team of AHEC and Members of Village Committee During Data Collection. In the Background
the Land for Power Plant is Visible.
CHAPTER – 1
BASIC DATA
1.1 INTRODUCTION
There is acute shortage of electric power generation in the country so much so that the
areas already connected to the power grids are subjected to frequent power cuts. The
available fuel resources being used for electricity generation are getting fast depleted.
These problems and sensitivity coupled with the isolated villages of islands, make it
impossible to connect them with the grid.
The economic and social conditions of the inhabitants of the, isolated, unelectrified
remote villages in the Sagar island of West Bengal State are very poor. Electricity
being one of the basic infrastructural requirements for development and progress, the
only hope in the above scenario is the use of renewable energy sources to generate
and supply electricity to the remote villages. In an effort towards this end, this project
has been conceived for immediate electrification of village Shikarpur in the Sagar
islands of West Bengal. Shikarpur is the poorest village in the Sagar Island.
The West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency has expressed the
reservation for continuous availability of biomass and hence suggested for a hybrid
system having both solar and biomass systems. Where as it was beyond the scope of
present work to formulate a hybrid system, therefore, DPR has been prepared for
biomass gasifier power plant only.
1.2. PROJECT SPONSOR
MNES, vide letters number 13/5/2005 – 06 RVE dated 23.12.2005 and even number
dated 09.03.2006 has asked the alternate Hydro Energy Centre, IIT, Roorkee (AHEC)
to prepare model detailed project reports (DPRs) for the following four categories:
1. Category “A – 1” Village with 40 households in the hilly area.
2. Category “A – 2” Village with 40 households in the plain area.
3. Category “B – 1” Village with 200 households in the hilly area.
4. Category “B – 2” Village with 200 households in the plain area.
The villages are to be selected from the States of Madhya Pradesh, West Bengal,
Jharkhand and Uttaranchal to make the DPRs more versatile and practical so that
these model DPRs can be used with slight site specific changes by even those users
who may not have much technical expertise.
MNES, GOI is subsidizing the cost of RVE projects to a large extent. The balance
project cost is generally met by the Nodal Agency and the people of the villages.
West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency, Kolkata has been assigned to
carry out energy development work through non-conventional energy sources by the
Government of West Bengal. For the present DPR works WBREDA has been
nominated as Nodal Agency by the MNES.
In identification and selection of the village to be electrified the cooperation was
sought from various Van Samits along with The Department of WBREDA.
Reconnaissance survey was undertaken to various remote villages located in the Sagar
Island for selection of village(s) as per suggestion by WBREDA Kolkata. After
gathering information and data, interacting with the local people and the village level
organizations e.g. Gram Panchayat, Van Surksha Samiti etc and visual survey and
assessment of various aspects related to the generation of power through bio- mass
and electrification of remote village, Shikarpur village was selected for preparation of
Model Detailed Project Report.
Here it is intended to electrify the remote village of Shikarpur located deep within the
Sagar Island. The villagers are subjected to isolated life, having limited resources and
access. Their income is also restricted to marginal cultivation, occasional labour and
through dairy/poultry and fisheries trade. People are trying hard to uplift the lifestyle
for which they have established a club in the village.
To uplift the life of this village dominated by, backward and schedule cast community
(60%), it is essential to provide electricity so as their living standard can be raised and
they can augment their income through cottage industry etc.
It is next to impossible to get the power through grid, therefore, it has become
imperative to provide the power to this remote village through a non conventional
source of energy. Due to availability of biomass in the surroundings of the village, the
electrification through biomass gassifier has been selected for the village.
The nearest railway station Sealdah is situated at about 100 km from the village. From
Kachubaria jeeps can be hired for the village Shikarpur which is the only source of
communication in the area. Between Kolkata and Lot No. 8 (Kakdwip) regular,
frequent transport is available. Regular ferry services at the interval of 30 minuts is
available between Lot No. 8 and Kachubaria in the day hours.
1.5.2. Socio-Economic Status
Most of the villagers are marginal farmers having limited infrastructural facilities.
Main crops of the area are Paddy, Jwar, Maize, Pulses etc. At places wheat and
Nearly all the inhabitants are engaged in the cultivation and labour related with the
development of fisheries.
In general the income of a family varies between Rs.2000.00 to Rs.6000.00 pm. There
is considerable disparity amongst the people of the village. Most of the villagers have
Kutcha tiled roof houses, whereas number of houses are pucca also. Few poor
families have thatched roof houses.
To augment their income most of the families keep domestic animals. Nearly a family
keeps 4 to 5 cows, 1 to 2 buffalos and 6 to 10 goats. Poultry and fisheries on small
scale also contribute to their income.
1.5.4 Education
Shikarpur village is having a middle school only. The nearest higher education
college/ school is nearly at 16 km away at Kakdwip. Overall education level of the
village as revealed by Panchayat members is as follows:
Graduate. - 1
12th standard - 4
10th standard - 20
8th standard - 40
5th standard - 360
1.5.5 Health
People are in general having good health. In case of illness people have to travel to
Collectorganj for preliminary treatment at PHC. For hospital facilities they have to go
to Kakdwip. 60% of population suffers from Malaria.
Village is connected with Bamankhali village through 3 km long kutcha road. Form
there it is connected to Kachubaria Ferry Point through 5 km metalled road. From
Kachubaria the ferry services are available to Lot No. 8 (Kakdwip) which is
connected with the 24 South Pargana district and Kolkata Twon through a highway
(80 km).
1.5.7 Electricity availability
Village is located deep in the Sagar Island, where power can not be connected from
the mainland. The village is un-electrified and the possibility of getting power from
the grids is also impossible. Two to three Villagers do have solar home modules.
Kerosene is being used for illuminating the houses.
Drinking and irrigation water is drawn from a number of wells scattered in the village
and agricultural fields.
1.5.9 Communication
Village is not having any defined grazing grounds whereas forest land or barren waste
land is serving as grazing grounds for domestic cattle’s. Fodder in the form of leaves
and grass is also collected from these areas.
A certain nominal amount of fodder is also obtained by the villagers from the
agriculture.
Shikarpur village is located close to the bank of Muri Ganga in the Sagar Island which
is vegetated area but the true forest is not found.. The dominant species are Bamboo,
Babul, Eculiptis, Sungori, Habwl, Gazan and Rokul etc.
Recently the Waste Land Reclamation Board has started massive plantation in the
area. Forest is existing in an island (Shikarpur Island) within the Muri Ganga at a
distance of 2 km.
Villagers are collecting wood from the forest and use it for cooking. Wood logs are
also collected from the forest for construction and repair of the houses. Villagers
collect the wood in their compounds for monsoon and winter seasons. Cow dung from
domestic cattle’s is used for preparation of organic manure.
2.1 GENERAL
In the village few houses are pucca and rests are kutcha houses having tiled roofs. Few
houses, of poor people have thatchat roofs. Nearly forty five houses are having 5 to 7
rooms and one hundred forty houses have 3 to 4 rooms. The remaining sixteen houses are
having 2 rooms only. Gaushalas are generally by the side of these houses. Few families
are having separate Gaushalas.
On detailed questioning and assessment it was found that 45 big houses will opt for total
electrification but will use 5 points load only. The two points having 15 W CFLs, will be
used for illumination through out the evening and morning hours. One point will be
dedicated to a fan whereas the other one will be for radio/television etc. These house
owners will go for one more bright light point (60W). The remaining points will be used
off and on, based on the actual requirement. The smaller houses will require only three
point load (15 W CFL, 60 W Blub, 60W Fan/TV). On the whole due to saltry hot climate
two/three illuminating points along with the fan point will have 100% diversity factor and
the remaining points will have 200% diversity factor.
2.1.2 Use of Electricity
The use of electric power is proposed for:
i. Domestic Uses
ii. Public Lighting
iii. Drinking Water Pumping
iv. Multi-purpose Uses
2.1.3 Load Assessment
Electricity will be used in the following manner:
i. Out of 201 houses, 45 households will go for 5 points connections and 156
households will take 3 points load. On an average, 3.3 points will be used by each
household.
The power for domestic purposes will be used for 6 hrs in a day, 2 hrs in the morning
(0500 to 0700 hrs) and 4 hrs in the evening (1730 to 2130 hrs). In that area sunsets
early and the village life settles around 9 pm, therefore, longer use of power in the
evening is not expected.
ii . Public lighting up to 20 points @ 18 watts (CFL) per point for 4 hours in the evening.
iii Drinking water pumping.
v. Multipurpose uses e.g. pumping for irrigation, needs of agro-based cottage industries,
lighting of places of worship, battery charging, needs of shops, clinics etc. which may
come up in due course of time. Power is also required for processing rice in the area.
It is envisaged that the use of power in such activities will be used after the domestic
use hours. Therefore, the requirement of the power for this use is not being accounted
for. Power for such use can be drawn in the day hours by running the power plant.
vi. Future expansion: assumed as 15% in ten years. Due to poor living conditions people
are found migrating to better places in search of jobs. This is the main reason for
negligible growth of the village.
The requirement has been worked out as per the consideration above and the criteria
discussed below and summarized in Table 2.1. Typical power supply demand and future
programme (Future Vision) are shown in Fig. 2.1.
i. Domestic Uses
-Connected load, as per discussions earlier is 192 W
-Diversity factor
-CFL and 60 W bulb100%
-Other load -200%
-Actual load -135 W
-Supply hours -6hrs/day
-Energy consumption per H.H per day
= 135 X 6 = 810watts
Say = 0.85 kWh/day
-Total power requirement for 201 H.H
= 135 X 201 watts = 27.135 kW
Say = 28 kW
- Total energy consumptions per day for 201H.H
= 0.85 X 201 kWh = 170.85 kWh
ii. Public Lighting
It is proposed that public lighting will be used for 4 hours in the evening only.
The final operation and maintenance is conceived to be in the hands of the local
body of the village and accordingly public lighting and other loads will be
managed by them as per their choice, and hence the number of hours of usage will
be finalized.
The biomass gasifier based power plant do not yield the desired output and it is
also possible that people may use fans for continuous duration, therefore, the
capacity of power plant has been taken as 50 kW.
The proposed daily use requirement of power and energy consumption is summarized in
Table 2.1 below:
Table : 2.1 – Proposed Daily Use Requirement
Sl. Use Daily Use requirement of
No. Power (kW) Energy (kWh)
1 2 3 4
1. Domestic Use 28.0 168.0
2. Public Lighting 1.44 5.76
3. Drinking Water Pumping 0.373 1.119
Fig. 2.1: Typical Power Supply Programme (Future Vision For Sikarpur Village)-Timings are Adjustable on
Seasonal Basis and other Requirements, if any.
CHAPTER – 3
RESOURCE AVAILABILITY AND MANAGEMENT
3.1 BIOMASS
3.1.1 Availability
The above remote electrification scheme requires a suitable, continuous and reliable
source of Biomass, which should be available within 2 to 3 km from the power house
site.
Most of the shrubs have wild and thick growth, and are undesirable elements in the
development and growth of new plants. These shrubs are available in the area which can
be used in the gasifier unit. It is likely that these shrubs may provide fuel for few years
only and based on the long term strategy, these shrubs or fast growing plants like Subabul
have to be grown on the panchayat or the Van Samiti land.
The location of power house has been tentatively selected in the central part of the village
close to the houses. Near to this site degraded/waste land having growth of wild shrubs is
existing, which can be utilized for development of biomass for regular supply to the
power house.
This regular supply can be assured through plantation of fast growing trees requiring
minimum water. Considering the topography, drainage and nature of soil, the plantation
of Subabul has been found most suitable for the area. Forest Officials were also in
agreement with this. According to them Van Samiti Panchayat can provide land and
expertise for the same.
WBREDA officials were apprehensive that forest officials due to their limitations may
not allow the use of wood from the area around the forest or newly planted zones. They
were of opinion that hybrid system consisting of Solar and Biomass Gasifier may be
suggested for this area.
ix. Area required for growing 4380 Subabul plants : 75920 sq. m.
for use in one year Say : 7.6 Ha.
x. Land required for the cycle of 5 years : 38 Ha
In general it requires, 4 years period for the Subabul plants to grow to the size needed for
the present use. It is suggested that 5 separate areas of the size 7.5 ha. each should be ear
marked close to the village and power house plant.A small area has to be earmarked for
the nursery also.
For the first two to three years the resources already available in the form of shrubs,
Babul, Eculiptis, Gazan, Habul etc. will be utilized. In the meanwhile the plantation will
be done over the land (38Ha) demarcated in the 5 segments of 7.5 Ha each. The nursery
will be maintained for regular plantation and replacement of dead plants. Though the
Subabul plants will take around 4 to 5 year to grow, but the first lot can be drawn from
the 3rd year itself as the rainy season in the area is always prolonged, and the growth of
plants is faster.
i. The plantation shall be done by the villagers under the supervision of the Van
Samiti of the village panchayat in a manner that continuous supply of biomass shall
be available for the Gasifier plant, as per the requirement from the 3rd year onward.
ii. The households will manage the supply of the biomass to the Gassifier plant by
rotation. The arrangement of the transport will be through carts/or head load as the
distance will not be much.
iii. Biomass will be collected, dried in advance and stocked in the sheds meant for it so
as to ensure reliability.
iv. The nursery will also be managed by the people of the village where the seeds will
be sown as per the requirement, plants shall be grown and maintained for about a
year and then transplanted in the earmarked areas.
v. Arrangement of seeds, manure etc will be managed by the Forest Department /
Nodal agency.
vi. A tube-well will be bored in the nursery area for watering the plants.
vii. Subabul plantation will not require regular watering as it is a plant of arid to
semiarid region.
viii. The growth rate of the plant being very good, sufficient amount of biomass shall be
available from the said plantation for continuous, successful and reliable working of
the Gasifier plant.
3.2 BIOMASS MANAGEMENT
The management of the Biomass plantation is proposed to be done by the committee
formed by the villagers and Van Samiti under the supervision of WBREDA and West
Bengal Forest Department.
i. Local person/persons from nearby area having reasonable reading and writing
skills, suitable intellectual capacity and willingness to work as operator/
maintenance staff, is to be identified.
ii. Facility to provide an on situ training to the above persons, is to be provided.
iii. Tools and plants, gadgets, safety equipment, etc. as required for maintaining the
plant and distribution system, are to be provided.
iv. Spare parts for successful operation of the system for 10 years period, are to be
made available.
WBREDA, Kolkata the Nodal Agency for this project will be responsible for planning,
designing, processing the purchase case, placement of order, supervising construction,
liaison etc.
The management, operation and maintenance of the plant (including distribution system)
will be carried out by the contractor for initial 5 years period and thereafter by the
committee formed by the Shikarpur village in association with Van Samiti and
WBREDA.
CIVIL WORKS
4.1 INTRODUCTION
The civil structures for the proposed Biomass based Electric Power Plant (BEP) will
comprise:
i. Biomass Store shed with Open yard for drying,
ii. Gasifier shed,
iii. Filter Shed
iv. Cooling Pond,
v. Power House Building,
vi. Control Room,
vii. Water supply System (including room),
viii. Construction of boundary wall, fencing etc.,
ix. Any other facility as may be required,
4.5 MISCELLANEOUS
4.5.1 Gate
The main gate is proposed to be 4 m (wide) x 1.80 m (high) comprising 2 panels made
of MS angle frame and rods with guide Track etc. supported on 2 numbers 400 mm x
400 mm RCC pillars on both sides.
4.5.2 Fencing
Pre-cast RCC posts, 2 m high with 0.3 m bend at the top, is to be erected and chain
link fencing (50 mm x 50 mm x 8 SWG size) fixed with the RCC posts by means of
galvanized clips to a grid of horizontal strands of galvanized high tensile spring 12
SWG steel wire.
4.5.3 General Facilities
Drinking water supply system, Toilets etc. are to be provided in the P.H. building.
4.5.4 Approach Road
Suitable approach road shall be provided from the nearest road for the required
services.
4.5.6 Environmental Provisions
Necessary provisions are to be made as per the requirement of environmental rules
and regulations in force.
4.5.7 Safety Provision
All the required provision with regard to fire hazards will be provided.
4.5.8 Fabrication of Structures
The materials to be used and fabrication and construction method, and fixing mild
steel or iron work in small sizes and sections such as holding down bolts, holdfasts,
tie rods, gratings etc. be as per relevant Indian Standards.
4.5.9 Painting
Steel work is to shall be thoroughly cleaned of rust, loose scales, dust etc. as per latest
edition of IS: 1477-part-I and given one coat of red oxide paint conforming to IS:
2074 applied as per IS: 1477-part-II. Over surface inaccessible after placing in
position, two coats of red oxide paint should be applied.
5.1.7 Blower
i. The blower should be of suitable rating and capacity as per the Standard
Specifications followed.
ii. The body and the impeller shall be made of SS-316 having thickness not less
than 2.5 mm and 2 mm respectively and suitable for the required flow rate and
pressure.
iii. The blower is required to be suitable for regulating the gas flow and its flaring as
and when necessary.
5.1.8 Pumps
Pumps of suitable rating and quality as per the Standard Specifications to be followed and
having preferably rotational speed of 1500 rpm should be provided for:
i. Cleaning and cooling of the producer gas.
ii. Cleaning of ash pond(s).
5.1.9 Gasifier Control Panels
Control panels of suitable dimensions, quality material and thickness mounted with
protection equipment for required degree of protection and necessary indicators related to
the operation of vibrators, motors, blowers, pumps etc and sensing devices e.g. temperature
etc. as per relevant Standards are to be provided at appropriate locations as per Approved
drawings.
5.1.10 Specifications of Gas Engine
Gas Engine Make - Any indigenous reputed make suitable
to run on producer gas alone with rated
speed not above 1500 rpm.
Specific fuel consumption under producer - 1.5 kg of woody biomass/kW-hr
gas operation
Power Rating of engine - 70 kW
AHEC/ Model DPR/ Plain 200(201) HH/BEP 16
Type of governing - Mechanical
Engine Starting System - Through auxiliary power
Engine lgnition System - Through pointless Distributor based
ignition system
5.1.11 Bearings
i. Position
The Gas Engine is proposed to be centrally mounted, having properly aligned
bearings. All the bearings should be guaranteed for 5 years.
5.1.12 Pressure Gauges / Other Instruments
i. Pressure Gauges
A pressure gauge is recommended to be provided in the P.H. to read the pressure of
Gas just before it enters the Gas Engine. It should have scale to read approximately
half- scale at gross head.
ii. Other Instruments
Other instruments of Standard make and quality should to be provided as per
requirement at appropriate locations.
5.1.13 Safety Guards
All moving parts should be shielded by a strong and durable wire mesh. The size of
the wire mesh should be small enough to prevent the entry of hands and arms of the
children. The guards should be electrically earthed and kept permanently secured by
locks.
5.1.14 Spare Parts
A set of recommended spare parts in respect of gasifier and gas engine for five
years’ successful operation should be provided.
5.1.15 Tools
i. Set of Tools
A set of tools is recommended to be provided. The set should include tools to test
alignment and case tolerances e.g. string, steel rule, measuring tape, square, feeler
gauge, dial gauge, sprit level etc.
ii. Tool Display Board
Tool locations should be silhouetted on a tool display board so as to immediately
make it apparent if a tool is in use or missing.
iii. Lifting hoists
Suitable lifting hoists be provided in the power house.
iv. Re-chargeable Lantern
A re-chargeable battery-powered lantern is proposed to be provided in the power
house.
5.1.16 Type Tests
The type tests should be performed as per the relevant Standards followed. The equipment
offered should with stand these tests successfully or as per the recommendations /
methodology of Gasifier Action Research Projects (GARP) carried out under the Ministry
of Non-Conventional Energy Sources (MNES), Govt. of India.
Three (3) copies of maintenance manual should be provided. A logbook, in the format as
per the Maintenance-Training Manual, should be provided.
The consumer voltage shall be within ± 10% of 230 V and the P.F. shall not be below
0.8.
i. All the consumer circuits should be provided with isolation switches and fuses or
MCBs and labeled in local language. A well-illustrated electrical booklet is to be
provided for each house hold.
ii. If the number of consumers is large, isolation switches shall be provided to cluster
of consumers.
iii. Where the number of consumers is large and spurious triggering of a single ELCB
in the power house poses a problem, it is recommended that clusters are protected
by ELCBs. These can be located in side the power house or out side in water
proof housing. In the later case, it is recommended that the power house is also
fitted with an ELCB having reduced sensitivity and response time.
MCBs of appropriate size (0.5 A for 100W and 1 A for 200 W) are recommended to be at
load points and PVC insulated cables of 1mm sq. for house wiring for maximum load of
less than 200 W.
6.7 CABLES
i. Aluminium, copper, ACSR and high strength aluminium alloy overhead cables
are recommended for use (under ground cables, being costly, may not be used).
ii. Minimum ground clearances for overhead lines are 5.8m across motorable roads,
5.5m by the side of motorable roads and 3 m over open ground. The minimum
horizontal top clearance is 1.5 m.
iv. In heavily vegetated areas, insulated cables are recommended for use.
v. Sags and tensions of cables, size of poles, types of insulators etc. are to be used as
per the REC construction Standards.
vi. Selection of conductors shall be as per the REC construction standards.
vii. The spacing shall be 300mm between conductors for a vertical arrangement of
overhead lines and the neutral conductor shall be at the lowest.
viii. The joints must be durable, strong, adequate for their purpose and visible. Bi-
metallic clamps should be used for joints, which connect dissimilar metals.
6.8.1 Materials
This could be hard wood, reinforced or pre-stressed concrete or galvanized pipe. The
wooden poles should be treated / painted and the steel poles painted for longer life. If
care for safety can be ensured, the trees may be used for laying the cables.
6.8.4 Insulators
i. For bare cables, LT insulators are recommended for use.
ii. For insulated cables, nylon bobbins or telecom insulators may be used as partial
insulators.
iii. The connections are to be carried out as per REC Standards.
6.8.5 Stays
Stays must be used at the first and the last poles of the straight lines and also at any turns.
i. MCBs shall be used as load limiters as incoming protection device (0.5A for 100
W and 1 A for 200 W). Appropriate MCBs are to be installed as the main
incomers for other loads.
ii. One circuit with 1 sq. mm cable can be used for installations up to 1kW. The wire
shall be of 600 V grade insulation.
iii. Standard switches designed for 230 V AC shall be used.
iii. Conduits shall be used wherever mechanical protection is needed and the wires
can be clipped onto the wooden parts for running on the roof section.
Individual units, e.g. controller box, shall be provided with temper proofing or be sealed
to ensure assess by the specialist service technicians only.
Maintenance manual should be provided and kept in place for use during O & M of PH.
i. Generator neutral earthing and all the exposed metal bodies of the installation
shall be earthed at the installation.
ii. Use of ELCBs: residual current devices (RCD) shall be provided.
iii. Size and class of wire: the wire shall be 600 V grade. Appropriate size of the
cable shall be provided taking into consideration voltage drop requirement and
length of the circuit – 1 sq. mm cable can be used for circuit length of 30 m (with
voltage drop provision of 4 % from the origin of the installation)
Selection of cables should be made keeping in view the basic requirements, cost
effectiveness and the environmental etc.
7.1 TESTING
Testing of equipment and works are recommended to be carried out as per the
relevant I.S./ I.E.C. / any other equivalent Standards/recommendations of the Gasifier
Action Research Projects (GARP) under MNES, Govt. of India.
7.2 COMMISSIONING
After the erection and testing of the equipment/works as per above, commissioning of
the plant and works, should be carried out to ensure activities of functional working of
the complete system after erection and testing, including tuning or adjustment of the
equipment for optimum performance and demonstrating to the Purchaser that the
equipment performance meets the requirements of the specifications.
It is proposed to carry out tests to obtain the guaranteed out put and efficiency at the
site as per the recommendations of the standards.
8.2 ARRANGEMENT
8.2.1 Nodal Agency
WEREDA, Kolkata will be the Nodal Agency, which will have the following
functions:
i. Obtaining project approval form MNES, Government of India.
ii. Receiving funds from MNES and disbursement thereof as required.
iii. Coordination with the West Bengal Forest Department at various levels.
iv. Arrangement of land for installation of the Power Plant and for the plantation
of Subabool, over a 38 Ha land.
v. Preparation of Bid document as per the model specifications to be issued by
the MNES, floating tender & processing it, placing order and overall
supervision of the project implementation.
vi. Overall coordination for project implementation and its Operation and
Maintenance.
8.2.2 West Bengal Forest Department
Following cooperation and coordination will be sought from West Bengal Forest
Department:
i. Creating awareness and interest amongst the villagers.
ii. Motivation and formation of Village Energy Committee (VEC) or motivating
the existing Van Samiti to serve as or make VEC.
iii. Granting permission to Van Samiti to use Van Samiti land for plantation of
Subabul and/or placement of power plant.
iv. Monitoring and coordination as required for project success.
8.2.3 Village Energy Committee
The VEC is proposed to carry out the following functions:
i. Motivation and creating interest amongst the villagers for success of the
project.
ii. Collection of initial contribution from the villagers towards installation of the
Plant and the System.
iii. Collection of monthly payment from the users @ of Rs. 150.00/pm from 5
point load connections and Rs. 100.00 from 3 point load connections or as
may be settled by.
iv. Arrangement for plantation for continuous availability of Biomass (in
cooperation and coordination with the West Bengal Forest Department, VEC
and accepted by WEREDA):
a. Collection of wood (Shrubs) from the surroundings for bio-gassifers, for
the first three years.
b. Preparation of ground, sowing the seeds, watering, fertilizer input, use of
pesticide if required etc.
c. Transplantation in the plots,
d. Watering, routine after-care.
Construction activities have been shown in the Bar Chart (Fig. 22). The period for
various construction activities have been taken as below:
Days
i. Contractors mobilization 15
ii. Survey & Investigation 15
iii. Preparation of Drawings & Documents & Submission 30
iv. Checking of Drawings, Documents & Approval 30
v. Construction of Civil Works 60
vi. Manufacture & Supply of Equipment, Material F.O.R. Site 75
vii. Installation of Gasifier System 30
viii. Installation of Generator & Auxiliaries 15
ix. Installation of Control, Protection & Metering System 15
x. Installation of Distribution System 30
xi. Installation of House Wiring & Meters (Where necessary) 30
xii. Testing & Commissioning 30
xiii. Others Works 15
xiv. Trial Run 30
Trial run period of 15 days has been considered to ensure safe and reliable operation
of the plant as it has been noticed that at times the plant is erected & commissioned
but then it goes out of operation for some reason or the other and then, the plant
remains idle for a considerable period before being put back on operation.
The place being remote, located deep in the forest and connected through kachcha
forest road which becomes problematic during monsoons and rainy days, some period
is likely to be lost causing delays. Some time margin has been considered for the
same. However, the contractor may finish the whole work in lesser period if possible.
The O & M will start after successful commissioning and operational trial of the plant
and the system.
The Subabool plantation is going to take some time and additional period is required
for the growth to the size enough for use. It is proposed that plantation be made
immediately after the survey and investigation work is over. During the period of
initial run of the plant, and the initial three years period, the supply may be taken from
the surroundings and the forest. After three years period the Subabool plots will have
sufficient quantity of Biomass and it will not be required to be taken from the forest.
The O & M is proposed to be carried out by the contractor for initial 5 years and
thereafter the plant will be run by the villagers.
The cost of the civil works, plant and the system, is shown in Tables – 10.2, 10.3,
10.4, 10.5 & 10.6 the over all cost estimate in Table – 10.1.
1 2 3
I Works
A Preliminary
0.500
B Land (as per Table 10.2) 0.000
C Civil Works (as per Table 10.3) 33.62
J Power Plant System (as per Table 10.4) 42.34
H Distribution System (as per Table 10.5) 4.710
K Buildings Nil
M Plantation (Subabul Plantation for Biomass) 4.160
O Miscellaneous 0.000
Total I – Woks 85.330
I Establishment (2% of I works excluding Buildings) 1.707
II Suspense Nil
III Receipts and recoveries Nil
IV Indirect Charges (1% of I – works for Audits Accounts) 0.853
Total 87.890
10.3 FINANCIAL ANALYSIS
The financial analysis has been carried out as per Tables –10.7, 10.8, 10.9 & 10.10.
The cost of generation and the results are given below:
10.3.1 Cost Of Generation
i. Without Subsidy Rs./kWh
a. At 80% LF : 15.658
b. At 60% LF : 20.878
ii. With Subsidy Rs./kWh
a. At 80% LF : 13.473
b. At 60% LF : 17.964
Total 5.108
11.1 GENERAL
After the plant and system is tested commissioned and the trial period is over, the
operation and maintenance for 5 years period will be the responsibility of the contractor
who has supplied, erected tested and commissioned the plant and the system. The
contractor may net use100% of his own staff and may require certain number of
additional persons for managing O&M under the guidance of his limited staff. The
Village Energy Committee (VEC) may arrange for the same from amongst the people of
the village, depending on the age, physical so mental health, willingness and the
educational qualifications.
11.2 FORMATION OF COMMITTEE FOR SUPERVISION OF O & M
i. Executive Committee
The VEC will make an Executive Committee of 5 persons which will supervise and
monitor:
a. Day to day functioning of the plant & system
b. Monitor day to collection of revenue & Expenditure
ii. Staff
Following Staff is proposed to be appointed by VEC from amongst the villagers:
a. Manager : 1 No.
b. Operational Staff : 6 Nos.
iii. Record Keeping
Following record is suggested to be kept and maintained by the VEC.
a. Daily wood stock receipt indicating: Sl. No., Date Name of Villager and Quantity
(kg)/Rate/Value
b. Stock Register recording : Sl. No., Date, Quantity Received
c. Issue Register: Recording Sl. No., Date, Quantity issued and signatures of the
receiver
d. Ledger showing daily receipt and issue of wood
e. Cash receipt register
f. Cash book
g. Ledger
h. Bank Pass Book & Cheque Book
i. General Stock & Issue Register
j. Register for Consumables
iv. Supervision & Maintenance of Record
a. The manager will keep maintain the record, write cash book & maintain the
account
b. VEC executive will check the accounts monthly
c. General Meeting of VEC will be held every quarter in which manager will place
before it the records, accounts and status of the plant.
d. An annual audit of accounts assets and liabilities will be got carried out by a
competent chartered Account appointed for the purpose by the Nodal Agency
Appropriate action will be taken by the Nodal Agency after careful examination.
i. Water is re-circulated in closed loop from cooling pond to gassifier scrubber. One has to
replenish water pond to compensate evaporation losses and that depends upon the
duration of operation in a day, usually, ½ liter of water per unit of electricity generated is
to be added as make up water.
ii. Sediment free water can be used for gassifier/cooling pond and hence, it does not require
any special water treatment. Whereas, occasionally pH of water is to be rectified.
iii. The other discharges from gasifier are charcoal and ash. Both are of biological nature
and biodegradable. 10% dry charcoal can be used again in gasifier while rest can be used
as cooking fuel or as an activated carbon in air dryer or as earthing material in electrical
towers/connections. Ash can be used as filling materials in large pits or briquettes of ash
can be made and sold as fuel cake.
iv. Gas from gasifier is fed directly into engine without any atmospheric discharge while
flare is given to occasionally check the quality of gas generated in gasifier and during the
stoppage of the system.
v. The major gaseous emission from the power pack is from engine exhaust only. Exhaust
from gas engine using producer gas is cleaner than conventional fuel due to absence of
sulphur in biomass. The suspended particulate matter in these exhaust gases is always
insignificant.
vi. Gasifier being a renewable source of energy equipment, is considered greener
technology free from any major environmentally adverse effects.
vii. Gasifier does not have any noise making components except motors, of small capacity.
viii. Alternator/engine will also cause some noise but it will be well within the limits.
ix. The use of wood in the gassifier for the first three years will damage the vegetation of
the area. Only Putus and Kaknauda shrubs will used as biomass in the gassifier. These
shrubs are not considered healthy for the growth of the forest and are removed
periodically. Thus the removed of these shrubs will enhance the growth of Sal trees in
the forest.
12.2 BENEFITS
i. With the provision of electricity in the village, the life of backward and Harijan
Community constituting the population of the village will be uplifted.
ii. Provision of electricity will provide opportunities to the villagers to have cottage
industries. This will enhance their economic status.
iii. School going children will have better studying conditions in the homes.
iv. With the provision of power in the area, the pressure on wood will reduce considerably.
v. With the betterment of lining conditions due to cooperation from the forest department,
the people will have a different attitude towards the forest resources which will
ultimately result in saving the forest.
II. CONSULTANTS
III. ASSISTANTS
Project Site
Fig. 1.1 Map Showing Location of Sikarpur Village Distt. 24 South Pargana (West Bengal)