THE BEGINNING OF MUGHAL EMPIRE

Origin Of Mughals
 The Mughal decended from the mongol and Turkic people of
central asia.
 They were warriors who claimed descent from Ghenghis Khan
and Timur

ZAHIR-UD-DIN BABUR (First Mughal Emperor)

 Born in 1483 (In Uzbekistan and belonged to Timurid dynasty)

 He was a military commander and a skilled strategist.
 He founded the Mughal empire he was fond of arts and
architecture.
 He constructed Kabuli Bagh Masjid at Panipat to celebrate
victory over Ibrahim Lodhi.
 He is know for his memoir “Babur Nama which offers insights
into his life, campaigns and interests.
 He died at the age of 47 in 1530

Question and Answers

 Q1)What were the key factor that
contributed to the rise of Mughal Empire in
India?

 Babur founded the Mughal Empire.

 He first conquered city of Kabul in 1504.
 He then secured key borders of Indian subcontinent.
 In 1526 Babur defeated Ibrahmin Lodhi the Last Sultan of Delhi
at the Battle of Panipat.
 This marked beginning of Mughal Empire

Q2) How was Babur an extraordinary leader?

 He was a military commander and skilled strategist

 He conquered Kabul first.
 He then established great contacts with neighboring empires
of Safavids in Persia and Ottomans in Turkey
 From Ottomans he took match-lock guns and cannons
replacing swords and arrows.
 He challenged Ibrahim Lodhi but his army was outnumbered.
 Strategist use of cannon helped him secure victory in Battle of
Panipat in 1526.
 Used military maneuver of Tulghuma and gunpower in war.
 MILITARY MANEUEVER OF
TULGHUMA
 It was a military strategy.
 Involved dividing the army and
surrounding enemy on all sides.

2nd MUGHAL OF EMPEROR HUMAYUM

 He was Babur’s eldest son.

 He was not as skilled a warrior or general.
 He faced endless challenges from enemies.
 He lost his empire to Sher Shah Suri for a period of 15 years
 Humayum died of a tragic accident by falling of the stairs in
his private observatory.

WHO WAS HUMAYUM’S GREATEST THREAT AND

HOW DID HE RETOOK HIS EMPIRE
Sher Shah Suri was his greatest threat who was an ordinary
soldier called Farid Khan and commander of forces in Bihar .
  He conquered Bengal and defeated emperor Humayum.
 Chased Humayum out of India and set himself emperor for
next 15 years.
 Humayum first retook Kabul.
 He then defeated Sher Shah army at the Battle of Sirhind
1555 to regain his throne.(Command of army was given to
Bairam Khan)

Q3)What were Sher Shah Suri’s Greatest

achievements?

 He constructed Grant Trunk Road which

extends 2500Km from Kolkata To Peshawar
 The road is an important trade route.
 It boosted trade, commerce, and promoted
cultural exchange.
 Important for maintain control over Mughal
Empire.

Significance of Humayum Rule

 He kept empire intact.
  his military campaigns and alliances helped to
increase Mughal control over northen India.

Akbar the Great 3rd Mughal Emperor

 Born in Umarkot
 Raised by General Bairam Khan became emperor at
age of 13.
 He was also a skilled warrior.
 Through a series of military conquests expanded
Mughal Empire.
 Had a strong Navy force.

Second Battle of Panipat 1556

 Fought between Akbar and forces of Hemu he defeated
Akbar forces in Battle of Delhi and declared himself King
 Akbar regrouped his army led by Bairam Khan and
defeated Hemu in Second Battle Of Panipat.
 Enemies of Akbar
1. HEMU(Second Battle of Panipat)

2. RANA PRATAP
A Rajput warrior refused to accept Mughals.
Waged a gorilla war against Mughals .
3. MIRZA HAKIM
He was Abkar’s brother.
He rebelled against him but was eventually
defeated and forgiven.