1

Senior High School

NOT

Introduction to the Philosophy

of the Human Person
Quarter 2 - Module 6

INTERSUBJECTIVITY

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippine

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What Is It?

What is Freedom? What is the essence of freedom?

- The ability to make choices and perform those choices.
- The ability to be what we want and to decide and create oneself.

Two concepts that will help us fully understand freedom:

1. Freedom itself

“Freedom is generally defined as having the ability to act or change without

constraint-Wikipedia” Someone or something is “free” if he/it can do or change anything
effortlessly and responsibly. A person or an animal has the freedom to do things that will
not, in theory, or practice, be prevented by other forces. But freedom has its particular
limitations beyond himself because he is bound by consequences of his actions either to
promote goodness or destruction to himself or other persons.

Example:

Your teacher gave you a pen and paper. The goal here is to make these two items useful for
you. You can either use the pen to write a letter or draw something on the paper. You can
also transform the paper into a paper airplane and write a message on it and throw it in the
air until it finally lands to another person’s lap. Using your freedom as an instrument to
create action without constraint is its true meaning.

2. Free will
Free will is the ability to choose different courses of action without restrictions. If
we exercise our free will, we get to decide on things that will lead to results, either good or
bad, beneficial or not. The actions that we do depend on the values we uphold and the
acceptance and expectations of the community we live in, including family members and
friends that we care about.
To be precise, free will is our ability to choose things according to our moral
reasoning, which can also be related to our previous lesson on self-determination or the
ability to select on what is right and wrong, that a person’s action determines what kind of
person he or she becomes.
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KINDS OF FREEDOM

1. Physical Freedom
Physical freedom refers to the absence of any physical restraint. The person has the
freedom of mobility to go where he or she wants to go. He or she is not impeded in his or
her actions by any physical force. Granted that the person has natural limitations, physical
freedom enables him or her to act and move in determined manner. You cannot be
everywhere at once, but your freedom allows you to move one place to another and to go
whenever you want to go.

2. Psychological Freedom

Psychological freedom is also called freedom of choice. The person is free to

perform actions that he or she considers right and wise. A person is also free to act or not
to act. Psychological freedom is innate and cannot be denied to a person. No outside force
or influence can compel a person to take action against his or her will.

3. Moral Freedom
Moral freedom refers to using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity
and goodness. Freedom is not an object that a person may use in whatever way he or she
pleases. A person must use his or her freedom to grow as a person. A person becomes freer
when he or she uses freedom well but becomes less free when he or she uses it in a wicked
way. Humans have a natural inclination for what is right and moral, and when a person

uses his or her freedom to do acts that violates human dignity and goodness, he or
she dehumanizes himself or herself and effectively negates human freedom.
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Lesson 2: Elements of Freedom

Learning Competencies: Evaluate and exercise prudence in choices realize that:
a. Choices have consequences (PPT11/12-IIa-5.2)
b. Some things are given while others are obtained in making choices (PPT11/12-
IIb-5.3)

What’s New?

Activity 1: Knowing My Priorities

Read the situation below and answer the questions after it. Write your answer in your activity
notebook.

News came that a sudden deluge of water ran over some houses near your area. Thank God, no one
was hurt except that most of their homes were destroyed and all of their belongings were literally
washed out. Your school is planning to help since some of their students live there. The school needed
the help from student volunteers who were lucky to have been spared from this calamity. Are you
willing to accept this call?

a. Would you volunteer to the said activity? Why or why not?

__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
b. What do you think drives you to join or not join the activity?
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________
c. If you choose to volunteer for the activity, what are the responsibilities that you can associate
to your act of voluntarism?
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________
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What Is It?

Two elements that define freedom:

1. Voluntariness
It is the ability of a person to act of his or her own free will and self-determination. A person may
decide to do things or not to do it according to his own free will. It also means that even though she/he is
not required to do such things he/she could still do it or take action on it.

Voluntary acts are free acts which can be assigned a corresponding moral value. One must
always remember that in every action we make, in every choice we make there is an equivalent
consequence. These consequences affect not just the individual who does the decision but also other
people in their surroundings. With that, one must always accept the consequences that results from his
or her choices or actions and take responsibility for them.

2. Responsibility

Responsibility refers to the person being accountable for his or her action and their consequences.
Taking responsibility can mean either you take responsibility to your doing voluntarily or other people
will hold you responsible. For example, if you made a bad action it’s either you take responsibility of it
or other people will hold you accountable for it.

Example of voluntariness and responsibility

Mira wanted to earn extra income to support her studies. That is why she joined an online business
that offer to sell beauty products and vitamins. At first, Mira was making money enough to support her
school needs like fare and food for one week. Her demands grew better, so, she wanted to earn more by
recruiting members to join her company she knew nothing of its origin. Later, she found out that this
company was a hoax and several classmates she enlisted and even teachers she enticed to buy warned that
her products have harmful effects to a person’s kidney and liver. Still she continued selling because she
needed the money badly without considering the health of her customers. One day, Mira was apprehended
by the NBI, Narcotics and SOCO officers for selling counterfeit products.

This situation tells us about volunteerism on the part of Mira who at first aspires for extra income
to support her schooling by engaging in an online business which is not bad. But when she learned about
the company/s fraudulent and counterfeit products, she has the responsibility to leave the company and
report it to the authorities.

Discuss:

1. What kind of freedom does Mira exercise?

2. How does truthful knowledge contribute to or limit Mira’s freedom?
3. How can you show respect for the freedom of others?

There are significant factors to consider in the exercise of freedom. These are Prudence and Self-
reflection.

• Prudence is the ability to govern and discipline oneself with the use of reason; it is having caution
and giving good judgments in making decisions. Making hard choices is an exercise of freedom.
But freedom should also be based on truthful knowledge and wise reasoning. Hence, we should
practice self-reflection on every decision we make.

• Self-reflection allows each person to analyze his life both in small and big details in terms of the
decisions, actions and choices he make Browning, G (2009). It is a deeper form of learning where
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if practiced with higher sense of wise judgement and keen perception, the experiences he makes
are more meaningful and serve as guide for improved and informed decisions, actions and choices.

PERFORMANCE TASK

Activity 2: My Freedom Circle.

Write down as many good and bad decisions you made in the past one year
inside the circle and cross out the decisions you think you regret. Output must
be placed in an A4 size bond pape.

According to Ruth Chang, there is no best choice in decision-making, but it is

your commitment to own that decision where it will shape the best version of
yourself. Fill the chart below with words or phrases to know whether your
judgements are good and bad ones. Cross out those you think are limiting your
freedom and the freedom of others.
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Senior High School

NOT

Introduction to the Philosophy

of the Human Person
Quarter 2 - Module 6

INTERSUBJECTIVITY

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippine

 8

Lesson
Accepting Differences
1
What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Relate intersubjectivity as a result of influence by others.
2. Realize that accepting differences of others is vital in any human relation.
3. Appreciate that accepting people for what they are is a manifestation of care, love,
respect and responsibility.

We all live in the world surrounded by different people with different background and
personality. All are unique and everyone owns the right to be respected as a human being
regardless of their differences.

Just what does it mean to accept yourself and others? The answer to this question is
both simple and complex. Needless to say, everyone has aspects of his personality, character
and physical characteristics that he would like to improve in some ways. In other words, no
one is perfect.

What’s In

As humans, we have the natural and universal tendency to relate, to establish

attachments and seek close relationships with other people. Our human nature drives us to
reach out to other people and interact with them in meaningful ways.

Exercise:

How do you usually react to new places, people or activity?

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What’s New

The interaction between the self and the other is related to the philosophical concept
of INTERSUBJECTIVITY which is the mutual recognition of each other as persons.

A good way to think of intersubjectivity is to imagine how one relates to their family and
friends. Maybe one of the family member enjoyed playing volleyball. He took one of the
members of the family with him when he practiced, and he always had a good time. Growing
up, he decided to join the school volleyball team. If that member of the family had not played
volleyball with him growing up, he may not have grown to like the sport. The experience with
volleyball can be called intersubjective because it was influenced by another person.

Exercise:
Think of a particular person who made an influence in your life and how did it change
you as a person. Write your answer on the space provided below.
___________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________.

What Is It

Important values related to intersubjectivity include acceptance of differences

and embracing diversity. We understand that each person is unique, therefore,
differences will exist among groups of people. When we look at physical traits and
even behavior, we can see that no two persons look and think the same. We have to
accept that people have different views and beliefs. What unites us all is our shared
HUMANITY and DIGNITY.

The recognition of our shared humanity and dignity is what drives us to extend
assistance and act with concern towards others, especially towards individuals or groups that
experience hardships and discrimination. For instance, those who are physically and mentally
challenged often experience hardships because of their condition. Despite their limitations,
many of them have successfully transcended their disabilities to become productive and happy
individuals.

Summary
Each person is just as important as you are. This means that you learn to accept your
life as worthwhile. The bottom line is, there will be things in your life that you will not be able
to change and there will be things that you can. Think about it. Our character, attitude, intellect
and the way in which we interact with others are all things we can change and improve.
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Lesson
Accepting Others
2
What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Understand that intersubjectivity recognizes each other as persons.
2. Realize that intersubjectivity requires accepting differences which led to good
relationships.
3. Demonstrate appreciation for the talents of persons with disabilities and those
from the underprivileged sectors of society.

The interaction between the self and the other is related to the philosophical concept of
INTERSUBJECTIVITY which is the mutual recognition of each other as persons. As humans,
we have the natural and universal tendency to relate, to establish attachments and seek close
relationship with other people. Our human nature drives us to reach out to other people and
interact with them in meaningful ways.

Through our interactions with others, we understand how and why people think and act
the way they do; thus, we notice how different we are from each other.

What’s In

What makes a person different from one another? The attitude, behavior, personality
and talents that humans possess are what makes every individual totally different from each
other because each one is bestowed with gifts that are inherent which can be used to uplift
oneself and serve others.
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What’s New
Important values related to intersubjectivity include acceptance of differences and
embracing diversity. We understand that each person is unique, therefore, differences will
exist among groups of people. When we look at physical traits and even behavior, we can see
that no two persons look and think the same. We have to accept that people have different
views and beliefs. What unites us all is our shared humanity and dignity.

The self and others are seen as a pair that shares each other’s experiences. This is
much like the concept of empathy or “being in the shoes” of others.

What Is It

Intersubjectivity looks at others as rooted within the self, it is safe to say that this
concept also promotes a view that all people are equal. This would imply that people from
other sectors of society, such as those who have physical disabilities or socio-economic
challenges are seen as individuals with the same potential and talents as anybody else.

Everyone has the power to understand relationships and interactions that occur in the
society with little regard to social or physical differences. In effect, people who are
marginalized may still be seen as significant contributors to society through their talents, skills,
and capabilities.
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Lesson

3 Appreciating People With Disabilities

What I Need to Know

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Define and explain the importance of intersubjectivity.

2. Appreciate the talents of persons with disabilities and those from the underprivileged
sectors of society and their contributions to society.
3. Perform activities that demonstrate the talents of persons with disabilities and those from
the underprivileged sectors of society.

CONCEPT

INTERSUBJECTIVITTY is a condition of man, a subject, among other men, who are also
subjects. It refers to the shared awareness and understanding among persons. It is made
possible by the awareness of self and the other.

A DIALOGUE is an interaction between persons that happens through speech or the use
of words, expressions, and body language. It occurs when two persons “open up” to each
other, give, and receive one another in their encounter. Genuine dialogue occurs when
persons are willing to share themselves with one another. The awareness of each other’s
presence as a true person is defined by the acceptance of each other’s uniqueness and
differences.
For Martin Buber, an Australian-born Israeli Jewish Philosopher, human intersubjectivity is
a true encounter through the three spheres of dialogue that “I” engages in. The I-THOU is
the encounter between man and man where language is exchanged and is described as
always mutual, real, and direct; it is an evidence of the reality of human intersubjectivity
through language.
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The human person is oriented toward relation and sharing in the communal life for the
common good.
Intersubjectivity has significant contributions to society and relationships, including the
following:
• It validates real and authentic subjective experiences.
• It facilitates interaction among individuals.
• It enables individuals to look at others equally, regardless of any physical or
socio-demographic factor.
• It promotes a sense of community and unity among individuals.
• It emphasizes that anyone can contribute to society.

The concept of intersubjectivity also promotes a view that all people are equal. This
would imply that people from other sectors of society, such as those who have physical
disabilities or socioeconomic challenges, are seen as individuals with the same potential and
talents as anybody else. Because intersubjectivity is unbiased, everyone has the power to
understand relationships and interactions occurring within the society with little regard to social
or physical deficiencies. In effect, people who comes from marginalized situation are still be
seen as significant contributors to society through their talents, skills, and capabilities.

The following are some authentic examples of disadvantaged individuals who have
significantly contributed to society:

1. Stephen Hawking

He is a physicist and cosmologist

who, despite his rare medical
condition called amyotrophic
lateral sclerosis (ALS), made
significant contributions to
contemporary studies of relativity
and quantum physics.
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2. Oprah Winfrey
As a child, Oprah Winfrey
experienced living in a poor
household and was sexually
abused. Despite this, she motivated
herself to succeed and did so by
being one of the riches women
alive today.

“All real living is a meeting”

“All actual life is encounter” – Martin Buber

How does one’s relationship with fellow human beings help him understand and enrich his own humanity?
 15

What’s More

The recognition of our shared humanity and dignity is what drives us to extend
assistance and act with concern towards others, especially towards individuals or groups that
experience hardships and discrimination. For instance, those who are physically and mentally
challenged often experience hardships because of their condition. Despite their limitations,
many of them have successfully transcended their disabilities to become productive and happy
individuals.

HELEN KELLER (1880-1968) was an American author, political activist, and the first
deaf-blind person to earn a bachelor’s degree. NICHOLAS JAMES “NICK” VUJICIC is an
Australian evangelist and motivational speaker who was born with phocomelia, a condition in
which a person is born with no arms and legs. Lastly, ROSELLE AMBUBUYOG. She is the
first visually- impaired Filipino to graduate summa cum laude from Ateneo de Manila in 2001.
Despite her handicap (loss of vision), she was a consistent honors student.

Helen Keller Nick Vujicic Roselle Ambubuyog

Living in this world is not perfect. We are not perfect. The examples given were a
revelation for us, for these give us inspiration to feel that we should be sensitive enough to
understand every individual’s differences. We sometimes feel that we are not capable of doing
things but from the given examples, we can say that we should be thankful already of what
we can do.

Intersubjectivity really plays significant role in each of us in understanding the

differences among us.
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Summary

Intersubjectivity is a condition of man, a subject, among other men, who are also subjects.
It refers to the shared awareness and understanding among persons. It made possible by
the awareness of self and the other.

Intersubjectivity has significant contributions to society and relationships, including the

following:
• It validates real and authentic subjective experiences.
• It facilitates interaction among individuals.
• It enables individuals to look at others equally, regardless of any physical or
socio-demographic factor.
• It promotes a sense of community and unity among individuals.
• It emphasizes that anyone can contribute to society.
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Senior High School

Introduction to the
Philosophy of the
Human Person
Quarter 2 – Module 7
The Human Person in
Society
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Lesson What is society? What inspires human

beings to establish societies?
1 Learning Competency: Recognize how individuals form societies
and how individuals are transformed by societies (PPT11/12-IIf-7.1)

What’s In

The previous module talked about intersubjectivity. Intersubjectivity refers to

the shared awareness and understanding among persons. It is made possible by the
awareness of the self and the other. With the concepts and activities in the module,
hopefully, you were able to get a better understanding on how to establish a
meaningful relationship between the self and others, accepting others differences and,
helping others in times of needs.

Let’s continue our journey to this new module.

What’s New

Activity 1: YOU COMPLETE ME

Complete the statements below.

1. In my family, I am the ___________________________________________.

2. My family has made me _________________________________________.
3. In my school, I consider myself ___________________________________.
4. My school has helped me become ________________________________.
5. In my community, I am a ________________________________________.
6. My community has allowed me to __________________________________
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What Is It

Relationships that we
experienced in our lives depend on
the level of our experience. For
example, when we were yet a child,
we always depended on our family.
As we grow older, we start to go
with people in the community, from
there; we began to relate ourselves
with our opposite sex. In our doing
such, we exercise our freedom to
do what we want to do. We are
capable of establishing society by
way of our different relationships
with other people such as
friendships, alliances or associates
sharing common interests and Image: https://bit.ly/3e4HFNi
territory.

Our relationships with other people caused us to survive. We survive because

of our parents, our friends, our neighbours, our schoolmates and, workmates. The
education we have starts from our home. Our parents taught us everything - from
talking, reading and writing, values, good manners and right conduct; simple
household chores. This education will continue when we go to school. When we finish
our education, we are already equipped with abilities, skills and knowledge for us to
become productive members of the society. Therefore, society helps us grow as a
better person.

PERFORMANCE TASK

Activity 2: A “NEW NORMAL” COMMUNITY

1. Due to covid-19 pandemic, our movement is limited. We are directed to “stay

at home”, observe physical distancing and, wear mask.
2. Based on the concepts in Lesson 1, draw the relationship that you have with
your family, friends, and community on the so-called “new normal” life.
3. Be creative.
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Rubric for the Drawing

Criteria Rating
The drawing clearly expresses the information and message. 5 4 3 2 1
The drawing highlights important information relevant to the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The quality of the output reflects the illustrator’s creativity. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)
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Lesson
Types of societies and its
characteristics
2 Learning Competency: Compare different forms of societies and
Individualities (PPT11/12-IIg-7.2)

What Is It

TYPES OF SOCIETIES CHARACTERISTICS

HUNTING AND GATHERING
SOCIETY
PASTORAL SOCIETY
HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY
AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY
FEUDAL SOCIETY
INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
This form of society is recognized as the earliest
and the simplest; basically small and composed
mostly of families. They are nomadic, meaning,
they kept on transferring from one place to
another to look for food, thus, they do not have
permanent houses. Men are tasked to hunt large
animals while women are tasked in the collection
of vegetables and other crops.
This form of society is characterized by the
raising (alaga) of animals to supply their food
especially in the regions of the world where
vegetable growing is not possible. They also
engage in buying and selling of goods with other
groups.
This form of society engages in the growing of
plants, fruits and vegetables. In this society,
there is enough food supply. Some members of
the society also engage in making crafts and
buying and selling of goods.
This form of society grows rice and other crops.
They also began to farm and raise animals for
food. They lived permanently and improved the
technology for farming. Money became a form of
exchange for goods and services.
It is a form of society in which the ruler or lord
owned all the land while the farmers or laborers
farmed it.
This society used machineries in the production
of goods and services. Through innovations and
 22

technological advances, daily activities become

POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY
easier and the lives of the people become better.
Also known as the virtual (computer) society,
people use technology and the Internet to
communicate, to engage in business and access
different information that can be if used to deal
with daily activities.

PERFORMANCE TASK

1. Think of the community or the place where you wish/want to live.

2. Draw it inside the box. Make your drawing colourful.
3. Write a short description below your drawing.

Rubric for the Drawing

Criteria Rating
The drawing clearly expresses the information and message. 5 4 3 2 1
The drawing highlights important information relevant to the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The quality of the output reflects the illustrator’s creativity. 5 4 3 2 1
Total points (15)
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Lesson How does society influence our

development as persons?
Learning Competency: Explain how human relations are

3 transformed by social systems

(PPT11/12-IIg-7.3)
 24

What’s In

Hello. Welcome! How are you? Learning from Lesson 2 was overwhelming,
right? That’s great. Making your miniature society and sketching your dream
community was a little bit challenging but it’s worthy. And of course, while waiting for
your vegetables and fruits to grow, we will learn more about this next module.

Sit back, relax, and let’s start.

What’s New
Activity 1: LIGHT, CAMERA, ACTION!

Actors and actresses play different roles in teleseryes or movies. Just like them,
we play different roles in our family, in our school and in the community. How about
you? What is the role you played in your family, school and community? List your
answers below.

1. Family
___________________________________________________________

2. School
___________________________________________________________

3. Community
___________________________________________________________

What Is It
 25

As members of the society,

we learn, we interact, we exercise
our freedom and we follow common
beliefs, traditions and norms or
standards.

Norms are set of traits and

behaviours that society considers
good and acceptable. The society
expects us to behave the way it is
used to. When we do not obey to the
established norms, then we
experience punishments for not
doing so. Moreover, laws are made
Image: https://bit.ly/3cXJEBx
to provide us proper guidelines to
sustain peace and order. Violation of the law means punishment. On the other hand,
folkways are traditional in nature and do not result in punishment if not followed.

The person and society are inseparable. One cannot exist without the other. It
is a two-way relationship that binds both the person and the society for growth and
development. We have our own individual assigned social roles in the society.

Social roles are set of connected behaviours expected to a certain person.

Individuals with common or similar roles are grouped together to form social groups
and eventually the different social groups would become social institutions that
include our family, school, government among others.

What I Can Do

Activity 5: THE BETTER VERSION OF ME

Due to this pandemic, we got a chance to have a longer vacation, not in our
dreamed destination, but at home. Sometimes we say, we are already bored doing
our daily routine at home. What did you do to kill the boredom? Well, for sure you keep
on thinking happy moments and perhaps doing things that are enjoyable, right? We
have personal realizations and reflections of ourselves, too. With this, list down three
(3) positive changes that happened in your life brought about by this situation.

The Better Version of Me

1. ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________
 26

2. ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

3. ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

SUMMARY

• Society was brought about by the human desire to relate with others. Society is
considered a product of deliberate actions by individuals who come together in
pursuit of a common goal.

• It greatly influences the individual, as it determines to a certain extent a person’s

identity. Society makes possible the emergence of certain individualities, which
are the result of a person’s interaction with other members of society.

• Society is also rooted in the concepts of the common good and general welfare,
which refers to social conditions that enable persons and groups to fulfil their
goals and achieve well-being.

• Societies are of different types and their types depend on their level of
development. These include hunting and gathering society, pastoral society,
horticultural society, agrarian or agricultural society, feudal society, industrial
society and post-industrial society.

• For the society to exist in unity and harmony, there is the need of the presence
of norms, laws, folkways, social system, social role, social groups of social
classes, social institutions and social values.

• Society provides opportunities for its members to grow and achieve well-being.
Through its various institutions, society endeavours to develop well-adjusted
and productive members that can make significant contributions to society. In
turn, individuals uphold the common good and work to bring about positive
changes in society.
 27

Senior High School

Introduction to the
Philosophy of the Human
Person
Quarter 2 – Module 8
Human Persons as Oriented Towards
Their Impending Death

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

 28

Lesson 1: How does the reality of

death define our lives? What
shall I do before I die? What
makes me happy?
Learning Competency: Recognize the meaning of his/her own life
(PPT11/12-IIh-8.1)
Enumerate the objectives he/she really wants to achieve
and to define the projects he/she really wants to do in
his/her life; (PPT11/12-IIi-8.2)

WHAT’S NEW?

Activity 1. RELAX AND REFLECT

Go to a quiet place, sit back and recall what had happened in your life. What
moments brought you joy, what moments brought you sadness? List those moments
below and make a reflection on how it shaped you into who you are today.

1. ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

2. ______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________

WHAT IS IT?
 29

Nothing lasts forever (walang forever). The

cycle of being born, growing up and growing old and
dying is a reality. We have limited time here on earth
and whether we like it or not, we are bound to die.
Death is real. It is a part of our being. Death is
commonly understood as the end of bodily functions.
It also refers to the separation of body and spirit.
Everything that exists in this universe comes to an
end and we humans are not exempted. The
acceptance of being a temporary individual in this
world gives us a clearer vision on how to live life to
the fullest and understand the meaning of our
existence. We have the freedom to choose a well-
lived life; doing good and doing what is right.
What makes us happy? Happiness is a state Source: "Designed by
of being (over all physical condition of a person), not just only an emotion or a decision.
photoangel
We do not choose happiness because we feel it, we do not choose happiness because
we need it but happiness is the totality of who we are as human beings.
As an embodied spirit, we must consider also the goods or sources of our
happiness.
Kinds of Good
1. Noble good is one which is pursued for its own sake, example is love and
friendship.

2. Useful good is found only from what it can provide, example, money is good
as it can buy you something.

3. Pleasurable good is good so long as it provides some form of pleasure, though

it does not have to be physical.

Whatever the source of our happiness right now, let us see to it that it is
real and meaningful.

WHAT’S MORE?

Activity 2. HAPPINESS IS…

1. Based on the concepts in Lesson 1, produce a video clip on the things which
make you happy.
2. Present it by the time you are scheduled to meet your teacher.
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To the teacher/facilitator: Use this rubric to evaluate the output of Activity 2.

(Rubric may be changed depending on the agreement between the
teacher/facilitator and the learner).

Rubric for Drawing

Criteria Rating
The video is originally produced. 5 4 3 2 1
The message is relevant to the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
The video has lesson to learn. 5 4 3 2 1

Activity 3: MY BUCKET LIST

Make a personal list of what you wish to do to succeed. List them on your
reflection notebook with your answer on the following questions.
a. Why did you choose these things/ activities to be in your “Bucket List”?
b. Which among these do you feel is the easiest to accomplish in your lifetime?
Why?
c. Which would be the most difficult to do? Why?

Rubric for Essay

Criteria Rating
The paper relates entirely to the 5 4 3 2 1
assigned topic or issue.
The paper conveys a genuine personal 5 4 3 2 1
view regarding the topic or issue.
The work is original. 5 4 3 2 1

Lesson 2: Why do we suffer?

Learning Competency: Explain the meaning of life (where will all these lead to)
(PPT11/12-IIi-8.3)
Reflect on the meaning of his/her own life.
(PPT11/12-IIi-8.4)

WHAT’S NEW?

Activity 1. SUFFERING IS…

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When was the last time you were in a very problematic situation? What was the
reason behind it? How did you overcome it? Can you share your experiences by
writing them in the space below?
___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

___________________________________________________________________

WHAT IS IT?

Suffering is generally viewed as a state of feeling discomfort or pain. It can

come in the form of physical suffering when one experiences bodily pain, example,
injury or it may be a mental suffering when it involves our minds and emotions, such
as depression or loneliness. Humans as we are, we normally experience pain and we
often view it as necessary to help as grow and become a strong person and find the
deepest meaning of our lives.
In life, we experience both happiness and suffering. Whatever experiences we
have, let us make it sure that it helps us lived the life worth remembering; that we could
be a better version of ourselves. Life is a gift, live it.

WHAT’S MORE?

Activity 2. TAKE AWAY, NO WAY

1. Reflect on this. What thing you want which equals to your life?
2. Share your thoughts to your teacher during the meeting.

For the teacher/facilitator: Use this rubric to evaluate the output of Activity 2.
(Rubric may be changed depending on the agreement between the teacher/facilitator
and the learner).

Rubric for Reflection

Criteria Rating
The content is relevant to the topic. 5 4 3 2 1
There is continuity in the presentation. 5 4 3 2 1
The use of English language is clear and 5 4 3 2 1
understandable.
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Activity 3. FROM ME TO YOU

1. Based on what you have learned about happiness, suffering, death and the
meaning of life, what piece of advice can you give to the following people in
various situations?
2. You are to choose only one (1) situation.
3. Write your answer in your reflection notebook.

To the teacher/facilitator. Use the rubric below to evaluate the output of Activity 3.
(Rubric may be changed depending on the agreement between the teacher/facilitator
and the learner).

Rubric for Essay

Criteria Rating
The answer relates entirely to the 5 4 3 2 1
assigned topic or issue.
The answer conveys a genuine personal 5 4 3 2 1
view regarding the topic or issue.
The work is original. 5 4 3 2 1

SITUATION 1
Your brother is an overachiever. Being on top of the class is what makes him
feel fulfilled. However, for this quarter, he got grades lower than what is expected. He
is extremely saddened by this.

SITUATION 2
Your best friend is dating a married woman. Despite his family’s disapproval,
he does not want to break up with her. He says that she is the only one who makes
him very happy.

SITUATION 3
Your cousin is suffering from a brain cancer. She has a loving and helpful
support system comprised of family and friends, yet her fear of dying is getting worse.
She feels depressed and loses sleep over the idea of passing away soon.
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WHAT HAVE I LEARNED?

• Human is temporary. Nothing is forever.

• We have to exercise our freedom in a positive way.
• We should always remember to do good rather than bad.
• Real happiness can be found in a more lasting and important things.
• Suffering takes place when we feel pain. It can be experienced physically or
mentally. It is generally viewed as an undesirable condition, and that we
naturally seek pleasure and avoid pain. Humans as we are, we normally
experience pain and we often view it as necessary to help as grow and become
a strong person and find the deepest meaning of our lives.
• We experience both happiness and suffering. These two are not really meant
to be extreme opposites, for they can also enrich one another.
• As intersubjective beings who have a tendency to form bonds with others, it is
only natural that the meaning of life can be found when we open ourselves to
others. This means that although we will eventually die, we have an opportunity
to enrich our lives as well as the lives of others.

WHAT I CAN DO?

Reflection: Write your answer in your reflection notebook.

If you are to leave a legacy (pamana or mana) in this world

before you die, what would it be? (Outputs can be done by students, based on their
track. Example, EIM can make lampshade, SMAW can make plantholders, other
strands can make an album, poem, song to express their hopes and dreams and they
can share their thoughts about why they came up with that output.)
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For Inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

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Division of Cagayan de Oro City
Masterson Avenue, Upper Balulang, Zone 1, Cagayan de Oro City,
Cagayan de Oro, Lalawigan ng Misamis Oriental

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