PATTERN/STAGE OF SEED

GERMINATION; KINDS AND

REQUIREMENTS FOR
GERMINATION
PRESENTED BY;
BUYAN
LLOREN
NANO
 WATER
1. Water is essential for seed germination as it triggers
enzymatic activation, breaks seed dormancy, and
facilitates the uptake and transportation of nutrients.
When seeds absorb water, it softens the seed coating and
allows the embryo to access the nutrients present in the
soil. Without water, seeds cannot germinate and the
embryo inside the seed will die.
 OXYGEN
Oxygen plays a vital role in seed germination by fueling
energy production through respiration. Adequate oxygen
availability is crucial for the activation of metabolic
processes, prompt germination, and robust seedling growth.
Oxygen allows the resumption of respiration and subsequent
metabolism reactivation during seed imbibition, leading to the
production of reducing power and ATP.
 WARM TEMPERATURE
Seeds require a warm temperature to germinate optimally.
Different seeds have specific temperature requirements for
germination. Warm temperatures provide the necessary
conditions for enzymatic reactions and metabolic processes
that drive seed germination. Temperature affects the depth of
seed dormancy and influences the activation of seed
germination.
TYPES OF SEED
GERMINATION
 EPIGEAL HYPOGEAL
•Epigeal germination is characteristic of • Hypogeal germination is characteristic
bean and pine seeds and is considered of pea seeds, all grasses such as corn,
evolutionarily more primitive than and many other species.
hypogeal germination. •During germination, the cotyledons or
•During germination, the cotyledons are comparable storage organs remain
raised above the ground where they beneath the soil while the plumule pushes
continue to provide nutritive support to upward and emerges above the ground.
the growing points.
 EPIGEAL
•During root establishment, the hypocotyls
begins to elongate in an arch that breaks
through the soil, pulling the cotyledon and the
enclosed plumule though the ground and
projecting them into the air.
• Afterwards, the cotyledons open, plumule
growth continues and the cotyledons wither
and fall to the ground.
HYPOGEAL
• In hypogeal germination, the epicotyl is the
rapidly elongating structure.
• Regardless of their above-ground or below-
ground locations, the cotyledons or
comparable storage organs continue to
provide nutritive support to the growing
points throughout germination
PATTERN OF SEED
GERMINATION
Germination can be divided into three phases corresponding to
the phases of water uptake
phase I.
phase II.
phase III.
THANK YOU
 REFERENCE:

https://www.slideshare.net/AroojArshad2017254009/seed-
germination-140011823
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=taaiH3XdSxw