Velocity is a vector quantity and the value can be
Chapter 2 : Force & Motion
LESSON 1: LINEAR MOTION
Introduction
Linear motion is the motion a straight line and
the movement in a direction where forwards is positive
and backwards is negative.
Distance ,d and Displacement, s
Distance ,d is how far a body travels during a motion
without considering any particular direction or the length
of the path of an object.
Distance is a scalar quantity and the value always
positive. The unif of distance is metre (m)
Displacement , s is distance traveled in a particular
direction.
Displacement ,s = final position – initial position
Displacement is a vector quantity and the value can be
positive and negative depend on their directions.
The unif of dispacement is metre (m). Draw a diagram
below shows the difference between distance and
displacement.
Speed and Velocity ,v
Speed is the rate of change of distance.
Speed = distance travelled
time taken
Average speed = total distance traveled
total time taken
Speed is a scalar quantity and the value always positive.
The unif of speed is metre per second (m s-1)
Velocity is the rate of change of displacement.
Velocity = displacement
time taken
v=s
t
Average velocity = total displacement
total time taken
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positive and negative depend on their directions.
The unif of velocity is metre per second (m s-1)
Acceleration,a and Decelaration(Retardation)
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity.
Acceleration = change in velocity
time taken
Acceleration = final velocity – initial velocity
time taken
a = v - u
t
Negative acceleration is called as deceleration
(retardation)
Acceleration is a vector quantity
The unif of acceleration or deceleration is
metre per second per second (ms-2)
Extra notes
1 uniform = constant = same
2 increasing velocity = acceleration
3 decreasing velocity (slow down) = deceleration
4 zero velocity = the object is stationary (at rest)
5 negative velocity = the object moves in opposite
direction
6 uniform velocity = zero acceleration
7 negative acceleration = deceleration
(retardation)
Example 1
A boy walks finish the following path AB.
Find
(a) total dinstance traveled
(b) displacement
Example 2 Using a ticker timer to analysing the motion

Figure above shows runner runs 500 m towards east in A ticker timer is connected to an alternating electricity
2 minutes and 1200m towards north in 4 minutes. supply (a.c.) and uses the mains electricity frequency of
Calculate his 50 Hz to make 50 ticks or vibrations every second.
(a) average speed 1 tick is the time interval between one dot and the next
(b) average velocity dot on the tape.
50 ticks = 1 s
1 tick = 0.02s

Example 4

Based on the ticker tape above calculate

Example 3 (a) time taken
An object accelerates uniformly along a straight line from (b) average volocity
a velocity of 10 m s-1 until 25 m s-1 in 5 s.
Calculate
(a) the acceleration of the object
(b) the velocity of the object during the first 10 s of
motion
(c) the time taken to reach a final velocity 50 ms-1

Example 5

Based on the figure above, calculate the acceleration .

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 The type of motion based on ticker tape or tape chart
(a)

Example 6
The figure above shows a ticker tape contains 5 ticks for
every interval AB.BC.CD and DE .Calculate the
acceleration.

The type of motion is

velocity acceleration

(b)

Example 7
The following figure shows a tape chart.

The type of motion is

velocity acceleration

Calcluate (c)
(a) the acceleration
(b) the average velocity

The type of motion is

velocity acceleration

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(d) (ii) Electronic stroboscope ( multiflash stroboscope )

Stroboscopic fotograph frequency = light

flashes frequency
Example 8
The following figure a stroboscopic photograph shows a
metal ball moves along a horizontal plane. The
photograph is taken by by using a camera and a
The type of motion is mechanical stroboscope rotates with frequency 5 Hz.

velocity acceleration

(e) (a) State the type of motion of the metal ball.

(b) What is the stroboscopic fotograph frequency
(c) What is the time intervals between one image and
the next.
(d) What is the number of images in 30 seconds.
(e) Calculate the average velocity of the metal ball

The type of motion is

velocity acceleration

Using a stroboscopic photograph to analysing the

motion
Stroboscopic photograph is the taking of very short –
exposure pictures of moving objects using a camera and
a stroboscope.
(i) Mechanical stroboscope

Example 9
The following figure a stroboscopic photograph shows a
trolley down an inclined plane. The photograph is taken by by
using a camera and an electronic stroboscope produces 20
Frequency = stroboscope frequency x number of slits flashes per second.
or f = np

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 Extra notes:
moves from rest : ………………………
finally it stops/brakes:…………………..
released from a height / fall freely from
rest :…………………………
thrown vertically upwards:……………..
at maximum height :…………………….

Example 10
A car accelerates from rest to 25 m s-1 in 4 s.
Find the acceleration of the car.
(a) State the type of motion of the trolly.
(b) What is the stroboscopic fotograph frequency
(c) What is the time intervals between one image and
the next.
(d) Calculate
(i) the initial velocity
(ii) the final velocity
(iii) the acceleration
Example 11
A bus accelerates uniformly along a straight line from a
velocity 20 ms-1 until 30 ms-1 in 5 s.
Calculate,
(a) the acceleration
(b) the total displacement travelled by the bus

Using Equations of Linear Motion with Uniform

Acceleration
The various equations of linear motions of an object Example 12
with uniform acceleration are given as follows: A construction worker accidentally knocks a brick from a
building so that it falls in 4 s to the ground. Calculate
v = u + at ……………………….(1) (a) the velocity of the brick as it hits the ground
(b) the distance fallen of the brick

s= u + v t ………………………..(2)
2

s = ut + ½ at2 ………………………..(3)

v2 = u2 + 2as ………………………..(4)

Where s :…………………………………
u :………………………………...
v :………………………………...
a :…………………………………
t :…………………………………

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 6
TUTORIAL 1
Based on the figure above , calculate the average
1 A car moves with a constant velocity. The acceleration velocity.
of the car is
A increased B decreased A 0.2 ms-1 B 0.3 ms-1
C zero D uniformly C 0.4 ms-1 D 0.5 ms-1
E 0.5 ms-1
2 Deceleration means the velocity of an object is
A negative B positive
C increased D decreased

3 The figure shows a path of a moving object.

7 What is the average velocity between PQ in the above

figure ?

A 85 cms-1 B 170 cms-1

B 200 cms-1 C 240 cms-1
E 500 cms-1

If AB = 5m , BC = 5m and CD = 7m ,find the total

displacement of the object if it moves from A to D. 8
A 3m B 7m
C 13 m D 17 m
E 20 m

4 A tick on the ticker tapes is

A the speed of the ticker timer
B the frequency of the ticker timer What is the final velocity as shown in figure above?
C the dinstace between two consecutive dots
D the time interval between two consecutive dots A 40 cms-1 B 120 cms-1
C 150 cms-1 D 267 cms-1
5 Figure shows the ticker tape for the motion of a trolly. E 420 cms-1

Which of the following statement is true?

A The volcity between in region DE is same as the

velocity in region A B
B Frequency in region BC is greater than frekuency 9 Based on the figure above , calculate the acceleration.
in region DE
C The time in region AB is same as the time in A 2 ms-2 B 4 ms-2
region DE C 5 ms-2 D 8 ms-2
D The velocity between in region CD is low E 10 ms-2

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 13 A stroboscope has 4 slits and rotates with frequency 5
Hz. The time intervals between two successive images
is
A 40.0 s B 2.0 s
C 1.0 s D 0.4 s
E 0.05 s

14 A cyclist riding at a velocity 8 ms-1 and is accelerating

with 4 ms-2 . What is the velocity of the cyclist after 5 s .
10 Based on the figure above , calculate the acceleration.
A 16 ms-1 B 20ms-1
A -5 ms-2 B - 50 ms-2 C 24 ms-1 D 28 ms-1
C - 500 ms-2 D 50 ms-2 E 32 ms-1
E 500 ms-2
15 A rocket starts at velocity 2500 ms-1 and accelerates
11 The following figure shows a tape chart. uniformly upwards at 20 ms-2 . What is the velocity of
the rocket after 4 minutes.

A 4800 ms-1 B 5000 ms-1

C 6800 ms-1 D 7300 ms-1
E 7500 ms-1

16 A trolley starts from rest and is uniformly accelerated to

speed of 12 cms-1 in 5 . What is the distance travelled
by the trolley?
Based on figure , which of the following is true?
At the beginning of motion At the end of motion A 16 cm B 24 cm
A the velocity the acceleration C 28 cm D 30 cm
unchanged increases E 42 cm
B the velocity the acceleration
increases increases 17 A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly and
C the velocity the acceleration after travels at distance 45m the velocity of the car is
increases unchanged 20 ms-1 . What is the time taken?
D the velocity the acceleration
unchanged unchanged A 4.5 s B 9.0 s
C 13.5 s D 18.0 s
12 Which of the following shows an object moving with E 22.4 s
decreasing acceleration ?
18 A aeroplane accelerates at 40 ms-2 in 10 s to take off.
What is the minimum length of the runway on the
airfield ?

A 1000 m B 2000 m
C 3000 m D 4000 m
E 5000 m

19 A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly . If the

distance reached is 900 m after travels in 30 s, calculate
the acceleration of the car.

A 5 ms -2 B 4 ms-2
C 3 ms-2 D 2 ms-2
E 1 ms-2

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 26 A ball is thrown vertically upwards from the ground with
20 A lorry start from rest and accelerates at 10 ms-2. What a velocity of 20 ms-1. Calculate the maximum height
is the velocity of the lorry after travels for a distance reached.
20m ?
A 60 m B 40 m
A 10 ms -1
B 20ms -1 C 30 m D 20 m
C 40 ms-1 D 80 ms-1 E 10 m
E 100 ms-1
27 The table (a) and (b) shows the distances travelled and
21 -1
A car travels with a velocity 15 ms . It then accelerates the times taken for four students in a competition
uniformly and travels a distance of 12.5 m. If the velocity Student Distance/m Time/ s
reached is 10 ms-1 find the acceleration of the car. P 100 20
Q 120 20
Table (a)
A –5.0 ms-2 B –2.5 ms-2 Student Distance/ m Time/ s
C 2.5 ms-2 D 5.0 ms-2 R 100 20
E 7.5 ms-2 S 100 15
Table (b)
(a) Compare the speeds of the
22 A car moves with a velocity 40 ms-1 . After the brakes of
the car is applied ,it moves 100 m more before coming
(i) student P dan student Q
to rest. Calculate the deceleration of the car.
…………………………………………………..............
(ii) student R dan student S
A 4 ms-2 B 8 ms-2
C 12 ms-2 D 16 ms-2
E 20 ms-2
(b) State the relationship between
23 A stone fall freely from rest through a height of 5 m. What (i) the speed and the distance in table (a)
is the velocity of the stone when it hits the ground. …………………………………………………..............

………………………………........................................
A 5 ms-1 B 10 ms-1 (ii) the speed and the distance in table (b)
C 15 ms-1 D 20ms-1
E 30 ms-1 …………………………………………………..............

……………………………….......................................
24 A coconut falls vertically to the ground. If the coconut (c) Based on the relationship in (b),state the definition
takes 1.5 s to fall to the ground, calculate the height from of speed.
which it fell.
…………………………………………………

A 8.45 m B 11.25 m
C 15.00 m D 22.50 m
E 31.25m

25 A metal sphere falls 125m vertically to the ground. What

is the time the metal sphere takes to reach the ground?
A 2s B 4s
C 5s D 8s
E 10 s

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28 The following figure shows a tape chart . The chart is (iii) the average velocity.
produced by the motion of a trolly.The ticker timer used a
supply voltage 12 V a.c. at 50 Hz.

(iv) the acceleration.

(a) Describe the type of motion is shown in the tape chart.

...........................................................................................

...........................................................................................
(b) What is the time interval between two consecutive
dots ?

...........................................................................................
(c) Calculate
(i) the minimum velocity

(ii) the maximum velocity