The first aid, CPR, AED procedures and protocols

in this lecture are based on the most current

recommendation of responsible medical sources
such as The American Academy of Orthopaedic
Surgeons (AAOS). Reviewed by the American
College of Emergency Physician (ACEP) and
makes every effort to ensure that its reviewer
are knowledgeable content expert.

Additional Safety measures may be

required under particular
circumstances.

Meeting OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Recommendations

 (Medical Emergencies)

Meeting OSHA (Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Recommendations

Victims can be conscious (responsive), or unconscious
(unresponsive). Not all victim are fully alert, and some may
respond to different levels of stimulation.

The mnemonic STOP offers clues

S – Sugar, Seizures, Stroke, Shock

T – Temperature
O – Oxygen
P – Poisoning, Pressure on brain
Can result injuries to the chest or head and from illness such as
heart attack, anaphylaxis, or asthma

ASTHMA condition in which air passages narrow and

mucus build up, resulting in poor oxygen exchange.
HYPERVENTILATION is fast breathing, which can be
caused by emotional stress, anxiety, and medical
conditions.
Breathing that is abnormally fast or slow.
Breathing that is abnormally deep (gasping) or
shallow.
Noisy breathing, including wheezing (seen with
asthma) or gurgling, crowing, or snoring sounds.
Bluish lips.
Need to pause while speaking to catch breath.
1. Call or seek medical care for sudden, unknown breathing
problems.
2. Help the victim in the most comfortable position, this is often
seated upright.
3. If the victim has prescribed asthma inhaler, assist the victim
in using it. If needed, the victim may use the inhaler again in 5
to 10 minutes.
4. If the victim is hyperventilating (breathing fast) due to
anxiety, have him or her inhale through the nose, hold breath
for several seconds, then exhale slowly.
5. If the victim’s condition worsens, seek immediate medical
care.
 Can happen suddenly when blood flow to the
brain is interrupted.

OTHER CAUSE:
Exhaustion
Lack of food
Reaction to pain or sight of blood
Hearing bad news
Standing too long without moving
1. Check for responsiveness and breathing and
provide care as needed.
2. Care for shock.
3. Loosen any restrictive clothing.
4. If the victim fell, check for injuries.
5. Most fainting episodes are not serious, and the
victim recovers quickly.
Result from abnormal and abnormal stimulation of the brain’s
cells. A variety of causes can lead to seizures including the
following.

•Epilepsy
•Heatstroke
•Poisoning
•Electric shock
•Hypoglycemia
•High fever
•Brain injury, tumor, or stroke
•Alcohol or other drug withdrawal or abuse
1. Prevent injury by moving away the victim from
any dangerous objects.
2. Loosen restrictive clothing.
3. Avoid excessive force in controling the victim’s
jerking, protect the head.
4. Roll the victim onto his or her side to keep the
airway clear.
A seizure occurs for an unknown reason.
A seizure that lasts more than 5 minutes or recurrent.
The victim is slow to recover, or has difficulty breathing
afterward.
The victim is pregnant ot has another medical
condition.
There are any signs of injury or illness.
 DIABETES results when the body fails to produce sufficient
amounts of insulin. Insulin is a hormone that regulates the
movement of sugar into your cells .

TYPE 1:
require external insulin (not made by the body) to allow
sugar to pass from blood into cells.

TYPE 2:
either resists the effects of insulin or doesn't produce enough
insulin to maintain a normal glucose level.

HYPOGLYCEMIA HYPERGLYCEMIA
 LOW BLOOD SUGAR Signs:
•Sudden onset
Cause: •Staggering, poor coordination
•too much insulin •Anger, bad temper
• too little or delayed food •Pale skin
intake •Confusion, disorientation
•Exercise •Sudden hunger
•Alcohol •Excessive sweating
•Treambling
•Seizures
•Unresponsiveness
 CARE for LOW BLOOD SUGAR
(Responsive)
1.Give sugar, half can soda, 4 oz of orange juice,
glucose tablets, or glucose gel.
2.If no improvement after 15 minutes repeat
giving sugar.
3.Call or seek immediate medical care if still no
improvement.
(Unresponsive)
DO NOT give anything by mouth, Call or seek for
immediate medical care.
 Signs:
HIGH BLOOD SUGAR
•Gradual Onset
•Drownsiness
Cause:
•Extreme thirst
•Insuffiecient insulin
•Very frequent urination
•Overeating
•Warm and dry skin
•Inactivity
•Vomiting
•Illness •Fruity, sweet breath odor
•Stress •Rapid breathing
•Unresponsiveness
Care for HIGH BLOOD SUGAR
Vaginal bleeding.
Cramps in the lower abdomen.
Swelling of the face and fingers.
Severe continuous headache.
Dizziness and fainting.
Blurring of vision or seeing spots.
Uncontrollable vomiting.
Care for Pregnancy Emergencies
Care for Pregnancy Emergencies
Care for Pregnancy Emergencies