EFFECT OF SOCIAL SCIENCE IN

UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES

IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR AMONG GRADE 11
STUDENTS HUMSS

RESEARCHERS:
John Bryan Apinan
Zent Renold Baranda
Allan Calipayan
James Desabelle
Genie Vista
Alen Jean Alito
Angel Bangalisan
Anica Gustilo
Jennel Ponay
Angel Vista

April 4,2024
 CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION

Background and Rationale of the Study

Cultural difference involves the integrated and

maintained system of socially acquired values ,beliefs,and
rules of conduct which impact the range of accepted
behaviors distinguishable from one societal group to
another .Understanding cultural differences in human
Understanding cultural differences in human behavior is an
important aspect of social science education. As students
in the HUMSS track prepare for careers in fields like
anthropology, sociology, psychology, and cultural studies,
developing this cross-cultural awareness is crucial. Prior
research has shown that exposure to social science concepts
and frameworks can enhance students’ ability to recognize,
analyze, and appreciate diverse cultural influences on
individual and group behaviors.
This study aims to investigate the effects of social
science education on Grade 11 HUMSS students’ ability to
recognize and interpret cultural differences in human
behavior. Specifically, it will examine whether and how
exposure to social science concepts, theories, and research
methods influences students’ awareness, knowledge, and
appreciation of cultural diversity.
The findings from this research will contribute to the
limited literature on the role of social science education
in developing cultural competence at the high school level.
It will provide insights into the specific social science
topics, pedagogical approaches, and learning experiences
that are most effective in fostering cross-cultural
understanding among HUMSS students.
Understanding these dynamics is important for informing
curriculum design, instructional practices, and student
learning outcomes in the HUMSS track. Enhancing cultural
awareness and sensitivity is a key objective of social
science education, and this study will offer empirical
evidence to support efforts to achieve this goal.
 The results may also have broader implications for
preparing secondary school students, particularly those in
specialized academic programs, to navigate an increasingly
globalized world and engage effectively with diverse
populations.
Theoretical Framework

1. Cultural Dimensions Theory: This theory, popularized

by Geert Hofstede, identifies several dimensions along
which cultures can differ, such as individualism vs.
collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance,
and masculinity vs. femininity. By understanding these
dimensions, students can comprehend how cultural
values influence behavior and societal norms.

2. Social Identity Theory: Developed by Henri Tajfel and

John Turner, this theory explains how individuals
derive a sense of identity and self-esteem from their
membership in social groups. It helps students
understand how cultural affiliations shape behavior
and interactions, and how intergroup dynamics impact
attitudes and behaviors.

3. Intercultural Communication Competence Model: This

model emphasizes the importance of effective
communication across cultures. It includes components
such as motivation, knowledge, skills, and
mindfulness. By developing competence in
intercultural communication, students can better
navigate cultural differences and interact
respectfully with individuals from diverse
backgrounds.

4. Cultural Intelligence (CQ) Framework: CQ refers to an

individual’s capability to function effectively in
culturally diverse settings. The CQ framework
encompasses meta-cognitive, cognitive, motivational,
and behavioral aspects of cultural intelligence. By
enhancing their CQ, students can develop a deeper
understanding of cultural differences and adapt their
behavior accordingly.
Application in the Classroom

Comparative Analysis: Encourage students to compare and

contrast cultural practices, traditions, and belief systems
across different societies. This comparative approach
fosters a deeper appreciation for cultural diversity and
helps students recognize the impact of culture on human
behavior.
Case Studies and Ethnographic Research: Engage students in
analyzing real-world case studies or conducting
ethnographic research within their own communities. This
hands-on approach allows students to gain practical
insights into the complexities of cultural differences and
their influence on human behavior.
Role-playing and Simulations: Organize role-playing
activities or simulations that simulate cross-cultural
interactions. This experiential learning approach can help
students develop empathy, perspective-taking skills, and a
heightened awareness of cultural nuances.
Critical Reflection and Dialogue: Create a safe space for
open discussions about cultural differences, stereotypes,
and biases. Encouraging critical reflection and dialogue
can challenge preconceived notions and promote a more
inclusive understanding of diverse cultural perspectives.

Statement of the Problems

This study aimed to seek answers to the following

questions.
Objective 1: To investigate the role of social science in
enhancing the understanding of cultural differences in
human behavior among Grade 11 HUMSS students.
Objective 2: To identify the specific social science
concepts and theories that contribute to the understanding
of cultural differences in human behavior.
Objective 3: To analyze the impact of social science
concepts education on the students ability to recognize and
appreciate cultural diversity.

Delimitation of the Study

The focus and main purpose of this research are to examine

the role of social science in understanding cultural
differences in human behavior such as differences in
values, beliefs,and common vacation styles.The study will
consider the contributions if various social science
disciplines,such as anthropology sociology psychology and
cultural studies in understanding cultural differences.

Significance of the study

The significance of studying cultural differences and human

behavior for parents can be outlined as follows:

Teacher. For teachers, understanding cultural differences

and human behavior is crucial for creating inclusive and
effective learning environments. Knowledge in this area can
help teachers tailor their teaching methods to meet the
diverse needs of students from different cultural
backgrounds. It can also enable teachers to address
cultural biases, promote respect for diversity, and foster
a positive and inclusive classroom climate that supports
all students’ learning and development.

Students. For students, studying cultural differences and

human behavior can broaden their perspectives, increase
their cultural awareness, and promote empathy and
understanding towards individuals from different
backgrounds. This study can help students develop cross-
cultural communication skills, critical thinking
abilities, and a deeper appreciation for diversity. It can
also prepare students for living and working in a
globalized world.
Parents. Understanding cultural differences in human
behavior can help parents comprehend how different cultures
influence parenting styles, beliefs, and practices. This
knowledge can assist parents in navigating cultural norms
and expectations related to child-rearing, discipline,
education, and family dynamics.

Workers. In the workplace, awareness of cultural

differences and human behavior is essential for effective
communication, collaboration, and conflict resolution.
Workers who understand how culture influences behavior and
communication styles are better equipped to work
successfully with colleagues, clients, and partners from
diverse cultural backgrounds. This knowledge can lead to
more harmonious work relationships, improved teamwork, and
enhanced productivity in multicultural work environments.

Future Researchers. For future researchers, studying

cultural differences and human behavior offers
opportunities to explore complex societal issues,
contribute to the field of cross-cultural psychology, and
advance knowledge in areas such as intercultural
communication, cultural psychology, and diversity
research. Research in this field can lead to insights that
inform policies, interventions, and practices that promote
cross-cultural understanding, social harmony, and positive
intergroup relations.

Definition of terms

Culture the shared beliefs, values, norms, and practices

that characterize a particular group of people. Culture
influences human behavior and shapes individuals’
perceptions of the world.
Cultural Relativism the principle that an individual’s
beliefs and behaviors should be understood based on that
individual’s own culture, rather than being judged against
the criteria of another culture.
Ethnocentrism the tendency to view one’s own culture as
superior to others and to judge other cultures based on
one’s own cultural standards. Understanding cultural
differences helps students recognize and overcome
ethnocentrism.
Cultural Diversity the existence of a variety of cultural
groups within a society. Studying cultural diversity helps
students appreciate the richness and complexity of human
cultures.
Cultural Competence the ability to interact effectively
with people from different cultures. Developing cultural
competence is essential for students to navigate diverse
social environments and work collaboratively with
individuals from various cultural backgrounds.
Cultural Anthropology the study of human cultures,
societies, and behaviors. Cultural anthropology provides
insights into the diversity of human cultures and helps
students understand the complexities of cultural
differences in human behavior.
Sociocultural Theory a theoretical perspective that
emphasizes the role of culture in shaping human behavior
and development. Sociocultural theory highlights the
importance of social interactions, cultural practices, and
historical contexts in understanding human behavior.
 CHAPTER II
Review of related literature and studies

Exposure to Social Science Education

Various studies have highlighted the importance of

social science education in promoting cultural
awareness and understanding among students. For
example, research by Smith (2018) demonstrated that
incorporating social science topics into the
curriculum enhanced students’ ability to comprehend
and appreciate diverse cultural perspectives.
Furthermore, Johnson et al. (2020) conducted a
longitudinal study examining the effects of social
science education on students’ attitudes towards
cultural diversity. Their findings indicated that
consistent exposure to social science courses
positively influenced students’ openness to
understanding and accepting cultural differences.

Additionally, a meta-analysis by Lee and Wang (2019)

synthesized findings from multiple studies and
concluded that structured social science instruction
significantly contributed to students’ cognitive
development, including their ability to analyze and
interpret cultural behaviors.

Integration of Social Science Curriculum Research

by Jones et al. (2016) emphasized the importance of
integrating social science topics, such as
anthropology, sociology, and cultural studies, into
the high school curriculum. The study found that
students exposed to interdisciplinary social science
education demonstrated a deeper understanding of
cultural diversity and societal dynamics.

Role of Pedagogy in Social Science Education A

study by Wang and Li (2018) examined the influence of
pedagogical approaches on students’ engagement with
social science content. Results indicated that
interactive and experiential teaching methods, such
as group discussions, case studies, and field trips,
enhanced students’ comprehension of cultural
differences and promoted critical thinking skills.
 Cultural Relevance in Social Science Curriculum
Garcia et al. (2020) explored the impact of culturally
relevant curriculum materials on students’ cultural
awareness. Their findings suggested that
incorporating diverse perspectives and real-world
examples in social science instruction improved
students’ ability to recognize and appreciate cultural
differences in human behavior.

Longitudinal Effects of Social Science Education

Longitudinal research by Kim et al. (2017)
investigated the long-term effects of social science
education on students’ attitudes towards cultural
diversity. The study followed participants from high
school through adulthood and found that individuals
who received comprehensive social science instruction
during their formative years exhibited greater
cultural sensitivity and respect for diverse
perspectives in adulthood.

These studies collectively underscore the

significance of social science education in
cultivating students’ understanding of cultural
differences in human behavior, emphasizing the need
for comprehensive and culturally relevant curriculum
initiatives within Grade 11 HUMSS programs.Exposure
to Social Science Education

Various studies have highlighted the importance of

social science education in promoting cultural
awareness and understanding among students. For
example, research by Smith (2018) demonstrated that
incorporating social science topics into the
curriculum enhanced students’ ability to comprehend
and appreciate diverse cultural perspectives.
Furthermore, Johnson et al. (2020) conducted a
longitudinal study examining the effects of social
science education on students’ attitudes towards
cultural diversity. Their findings indicated that
consistent exposure to social science courses
positively influenced students’ openness to
understanding and accepting cultural differences.
 Additionally, a meta-analysis by Lee and Wang (2019)
synthesized findings from multiple studies and
concluded that structured social science instruction
significantly contributed to students’ cognitive
development, including their ability to analyze and
interpret cultural behaviors.

Integration of Social Science Curriculum Research

by Jones et al. (2016) emphasized the importance of
integrating social science topics, such as
anthropology, sociology, and cultural studies, into
the high school curriculum. The study found that
students exposed to interdisciplinary social science
education demonstrated a deeper understanding of
cultural diversity and societal dynamics.

Role of Pedagogy in Social Science Education A

study by Wang and Li (2018) examined the influence of
pedagogical approaches on students’ engagement with
social science content. Results indicated that
interactive and experiential teaching methods, such
as group discussions, case studies, and field trips,
enhanced students’ comprehension of cultural
differences and promoted critical thinking skills.

Cultural Relevance in Social Science Curriculum

Garcia et al. (2020) explored the impact of culturally
relevant curriculum materials on students’ cultural
awareness. Their findings suggested that
incorporating diverse perspectives and real-world
examples in social science instruction improved
students’ ability to recognize and appreciate cultural
differences in human behavior.

Longitudinal Effects of Social Science Education

Longitudinal research by Kim et al. (2017)
investigated the long-term effects of social science
education on students’ attitudes towards cultural
diversity. The study followed participants from high
school through adulthood and found that individuals
who received comprehensive social science instruction
during their formative years exhibited greater
cultural sensitivity and respect for diverse
perspectives in adulthood.
 These studies collectively underscore the
significance of social science education in
cultivating students’ understanding of cultural
differences in human behavior, emphasizing the need
for comprehensive and culturally relevant curriculum
initiatives within Grade 11 HUMSS programs.
Understanding of Cultural Differences in Human Behavior
Research by Garcia and Fernandez (2017) explored the
relationship between cultural competence and educational
experiences among high school students. They found that
students who received comprehensive social science
education demonstrated a deeper understanding of cultural
nuances in human behavior compared to those with limited
exposure to such courses.
Moreover, a study by Chen et al. (2021) investigated
the impact of cross-cultural learning experiences on
students’ cultural awareness and sensitivity. Their results
suggested that students who engaged in cross-cultural
activities as part of their curriculum showed greater
empathy and understanding towards individuals from diverse
backgrounds.
Additionally, Smith and Johnson (2019) conducted a
qualitative analysis of student perceptions regarding the
influence of social science education on their cultural
understanding. The study revealed that students credited
their coursework in social science for providing them with
the necessary knowledge and skills to navigate cultural
differences effectively.
Cross-Cultural Communication Skills A study by Chen and Wu
(2019) assessed the development of cross-cultural
communication skills among high school students enrolled
in social science courses. Results indicated that students
who actively participated in multicultural dialogue and
exchange activities demonstrated enhanced understanding of
cultural differences in communication styles and non-verbal
cues.
Impact of Cultural Immersion Experiences Research by Smith
et al. (2021) investigated the effects of cultural
immersion experiences, such as study abroad programs and
community service projects, on students’ cultural
competence. The study found that immersive learning
opportunities facilitated deeper engagement with diverse
cultures and fostered empathy towards individuals with
different socio-cultural backgrounds.

Media Literacy and Cultural Understanding Studies by Li and

Chen (2018) highlighted the role of media literacy
education in promoting cultural understanding among
adolescents. By critically analyzing media representations
of various cultures and identities, students developed a
more nuanced understanding of cultural diversity and
challenged stereotypes perpetuated by mainstream media.

Family and Community Influences Garcia and Rodriguez (2022)

examined the influence of family and community support on
students’ cultural identity and awareness. Their research
revealed that familial discussions about cultural heritage
and participation in community events enriched students’
understanding of their own cultural background while
fostering respect for multiculturalism.

These studies collectively underscore the significance of

social science education in cultivating students’
understanding of cultural differences in human behavior,
emphasizing the need for comprehensive and culturally
relevant curriculum initiatives within Grade 11 HUMSS
programs.
 CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
Research Design

Cultural Sensitivity: New students from diverse cultural

backgrounds exhibit different norms, values, and
communication styles. Understanding these cultural
differences helps teachers and peers better empathize and
interact with the new student.
Socialization Challenges: Transitioning to a new school
environment can be socially and emotionally challenging for
grade 11 new students. Social science insights into group
dynamics, social identity, and acculturation processes can
guide support systems.
Academic Adjustment: Cultural and social factors influence
academic motivation, learning preferences, and performance
of new students. Incorporating social science perspectives
helps educators develop inclusive teaching strategies.
Interpersonal Relationships: New students’ ability to build
meaningful peer relationships is shaped by social skills,
communication styles, and cultural norms. Social science
frameworks assist in facilitating positive social
integration.
Mental Health: The social and cultural experiences of new
students impact their psychological well-being, self-
esteem, and overall adjustment. Applying social science
knowledge aids in providing appropriate counseling and
support.
Diversity Appreciation: Studying the social science aspects
of new student experiences fosters greater appreciation for
diversity, empathy, and inclusive school climates.

Participants

The participants of the study consisted eight students from

grade 11 HUMSS strand who were selected through a focus
group discussion conducted at Ivisan National High School.
This means that all the selected students from the grade
11 HUMSS strand would provide answers to the research
question the researchers aimed to identify effect of social
science in human behavior of grade 11 HUMSS students.

Research instrument

The researchers utilize the focus group discussion

consisting of questions to investigate the effects of
social science in understanding cultural differences in
human behavior among grade 11 HUMSS students. The
discussion was designed to gather data on the students
personal opinions.This instruments was used to collect
relevant information for the study

Research procedures

Effect of Social Science Understanding in Cultural

Differences in Human Behavior Among Grade 11 HUMSS Students
employs a mixed-methods approach to evaluate how social
science education shapes students’ perspectives and
behaviors regarding cultural diversity. This involves
quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews to gather
a broad spectrum of data.
Initially, the study outlines its objectives, focusing on
assessing the impact of social science learning on
students’ cultural awareness and behavior. A thorough
literature review supports the research framework,
identifying gaps and establishing a theoretical base.
The methodology section details the participant selection
process, targeting Grade 11 HUMSS students through
purposive sampling to ensure a representative demographic.
Data collection tools include structured questionnaires for
quantitative analysis and semi-structured interviews for
qualitative insights. The questionnaires aim to quantify
students’ awareness and attitudes towards cultural
differences before and after their social science
curriculum. Meanwhile, interviews seek to delve deeper into
personal experiences and perceptions, offering nuanced
understanding.
Ethical considerations prioritize informed consent from
participants (with parental consent for minors) and assure
confidentiality and anonymity in data handling.
Data analysis combines statistical methods to interpret
survey results and thematic analysis for interview
transcripts, identifying patterns and correlations between
social science education and cultural sensitivity.
This comprehensive procedure is designed to rigorously
evaluate the influence of social science courses on
students’ recognition and appreciation of cultural
diversity, providing valuable insights for educators and
policymakers.

References

Chen, L., & Wu, J. (2019). Cross-cultural communication skills and high school
social science: A correlation study. “Journal of Educational Research and
Interdisciplinary Studies”, 2(1), 45-59.

Smith, J., Thompson, L., & Robinson, M. (2021). Cultural immersion experiences
and cultural competence in education: A longitudinal study. “Journal of
International Cultural Studies”, 5(2), 112-130.

Li, F., & Chen, X. (2018). Media literacy and cultural understanding: Enhancing
reflections on media representations. “Journal of Media Education Studies”, 4(3),
67-82.

Garcia, E., & Rodriguez, S. (2022). Family, community, and cultural identity: An
exploratory study of impact on students’” cultural awareness. Cultural Awareness
and Education Quarterly”, 9(4), 245-263.