CONSTRUCTION SITE

PREMISES

B.E.S.O. SAFETY TRAININGS & CONSULTANCY SERVICES

DOLE Accredited OSH Training Organization: No. 1030-061721-127

thebesoproject@gmail.com #AngatAngEpektibo
 OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of the module, participants will be able to:

• Determine safety requirements which shall be complied

during setting up of construction site.
• Identify construction site hazards and hierarchy of
hazard control measures.
• Explain the purpose and types of construction safety
signage.
• Discuss electrical and fire safety at project site.

• Know the value of practicing good housekeeping.

 CONTENTS

• Safety requirements during setting up of construction

site.

• Construction site hazards

• Hierarchy of hazard control measures

• Safety signage

• Electrical safety at project site

• Fire safety

• Good housekeeping
 SETTING UP SITE
NBCP RULE XI: PROTECTION OF PUBLIC
DURING CONSTRUCTION
 INTRODUCTION

• A construction site is an area on which construction works

are being carried out.

• Construction site premises involves safety requirements

which shall be complied during site layout that would reduce
hazards.
 PERIMETER FENCE

View of fence outside of project site

Back of fence (inside the project site)

• shall entirely closed the construction/demolition site

• be erected on the building side of sidewalks
• be not less than 2.40 meters in height above the curb line
 CANOPIES

• When the horizontal distance between the outermost face of

the building and the inner edge of the sidewalk is equal to or
less than one-half (1/2) the height of the building, a
canopy shall be required in addition to a fence.
 CANOPIES

• shall have a clear unobstructed height of 2.40 meters

above the walkway
• be made of sufficient strength and stability
• be properly lighted at night every 6 meters of its length
 FANS OR CATCH PLATFORMS

• shall be erected at the level of the first floor of the building

when a wall of the building abuts of fronts a street
• to prevent nuisance from dust or danger from falling
debris or materials
 PROTECTIVE NETTING/COVERING

• to be installed when the horizontal distance between the

outermost face of the building and the outer edge of sidewalk
is less than ½ the height of the building
 PROTECTIVE NETTING/COVERING

• a protective device such as net or screen extending from

the uppermost part of the construction/demolition to ground
level shall be required in addition to a fence and canopy
 WALKWAY/SIDEWALK

• board-up or protective railings shall required on the side

of excavation where the walkway occupies part of the
roadway or is adjacent to an excavation
• be built substantially strong and sturdy
• not be less than 1 meter in height
 WARNING SIGNS

• conspicuously posted around the property

• adequately illuminated at night for the protection of unwary
pedestrians
• be properly maintained even when operations are not in
progress
 OTHER PROTECTION OF PUBLIC
(OVERHEAD STREET PROTECTION - OSP)

• protection against falling objects or materials

• usually installed in mid-rise to high-rise construction projects
• requires approved structural design before erecting
 OTHER PROTECTION OF PUBLIC
(BARRICATION)

• establish a traffic management plan if works or temporary

staging are to be done outside of the project premises
• know your LGU requirements in securing permits prior to
the usage of roads or street
TEMPORARY SERVICES

POWER SUPPLY WATER SUPPLY

LIGHTING FOR NIGHT ACTIVITIES

 ACCESS GATES

EMPLOYEE ENTRANCE VEHICLE ENTRANCE

• consider providing separate access gates for workers or
employees and ingress/egress gates for vehicles and heavy
equipment
SETTING UP SITE
OSHS RULE 1060: PREMISES OF
ESTABLISHMENTS
 ROADWAYS

• Roadways shall be of adequate width, and where used by,

two-way traffic shall be at least twice the width of the
widest vehicle normally used plus 1.25m (4ft.).

• Sufficient clearance from overhead structures shall be

considered.
 GATES

• Where the premises are surrounded by fencing, separate

entrance and exit gates shall be provided for pedestrian,
vehicular and railroad traffic.
 PARKING OF VEHICLES

• Regulations covering the use

of driveways for entry and exit,
speed limits, space allotments
and methods of parking shall
be provided and strictly
enforce where parking space
is provided for automobiles of
the employee.
 TEMPORARY STRUCTURES

• all permanent or temporary structures shall be structurally

safe and sound to prevent their collapse
• shall be of sufficient strength to withstand normal load,
typhoons and strong winds in addition to normal weather
conditions and where required to carry suspended loads
 WALKWAYS

• Safe walkways shall be constructed along the shortest

line between important points.
 STAGING AREA

• Consider the location of the staging area.

• Loading/unloading area for delivery materials and for
hauling.
 PERSONAL FACILITIES

WORKERS LOCKER

WASH AREA DRINKING STATION

PERSONAL FACILITIES

EATING/RESTING AREA AND ACCOMMODATION

 PERSONAL FACILITIES

TOILET FACILITIES AND SHOWER ROOM URINALS DEPLOYED ON SITE

 TEMFACIL

• Consider:
– stability
– natural lighting and ventilation
– protection from flooding
– and high wind
CONSTRUCTION SITE
HAZARDS
 WAYS TO IDENTIFY HAZARDS

• Conducting walkthrough survey/ocular inspection

• Knowing your task
• Reviewing processes involved
• Knowing the raw materials used, products and by-products
• Gathering workers’ observations and complaints
• Using GHS labels and Safety Data Sheets
 TYPES OF HAZARDS

• SAFETY HAZARDS: It is any real or potential condition

which could reasonably be expected to cause personal injury,
death or property damage.
 TYPES OF HAZARDS

• HEALTH HAZARDS may mean conditions that cause

legally compensable illnesses or may mean any conditions
in the workplace that impair the health of employees
enough to make them lose time from work or to cause
significant discomfort.
CONSTRUCTION SITE HAZARDS
HIERARCHY OF CONTROLS
SAFETY SIGNAGE
 SAFETY SIGNAGE
(DOLE D.O. 13 DEFINITION)

Construction Safety Signage

• refers to any, but not limited to, emergency or
danger sign, warning sign or safety
instruction, of standard colors and sizes in
accordance with the specifications for
standard colors of signs for safety
instructions and warnings in building
premises

• The purpose of having safety signage in the workplace is to identify

and warn workers who may be exposed to hazards in the workplace.
• Safety signs can assist in the communication of important
instructions, reinforce safety messages and provide instruction for
emergency situations.
 SAFETY SIGNAGE
(D.O. 13 SECTION 9)

• must be provided to warn the workers and the public

• be posted in prominent positions at strategic locations
• be in the language understandable to most of the workers
• be regularly inspected and maintained in good condition.
 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY SIGNAGE
(SIX GROUP OF SIGNS)

1. Prohibition Signs 2. Mandatory Signs

(CAN’T DO) – When you (MUST DO) – When you
need to tell people that they have an instruction that must
can’t do something. be followed.

Regulatory Signs – these signs contain instruction on

what CAN’T be done or MUST be done.
 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY SIGNAGE
(SIX GROUP OF SIGNS)

3. Danger Signs (KILL 4. Warning Signs

YOU) – to warn people about
potentially life-threatening
hazards or hazardous
conditions.
(HURT YOU) – When the
hazard or hazardous
conditions are not life-
threatening but could still
get you hurt.

Hazards Signs – these signs are about what could KILL

or HURT you.
 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY SIGNAGE
(SIX GROUP SIGNS)

5. Emergency Information 6. Fire Signs (FIRE

Signs (SAFETY FIRST) –
help people to find the location
of, or direction to, your
emergency related facilities like
emergency exits, first aid or
safety equipment
EQUIP) – Indicate the
location of all fire equipment
like fire extinguishers, fire
blankets, fire hoses and more.

Informative Signs – gives you information

 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY SIGNAGE
(STANDARD COLOR OF SIGNS – OSHS TABLE 11)

1. RED – Fire Protection. To 2. GREEN – Safety.

call attention to fire protection Designating “safety”
equipment apparatus and
facilities.
 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY SIGNAGE
(STANDARD COLOR OF SIGNS – OSHS TABLE 11)

3. WHITE – Traffic. White,

black or combination of these,
are the basic colors for the
designation of traffic and
housekeeping markings
 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY SIGNAGE
(STANDARD COLOR OF SIGNS – OSHS TABLE 11)

4. YELLOW – Caution. To 5. ORANGE – Alert. To

designate caution and for designate dangerous parts
marking physical hazards of machines energized
equipment
 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY SIGNAGE
(STANDARD COLOR OF SIGNS – OSHS TABLE 11)

6. BLUE – Precaution. To 7. PURPLE – Radiation. To

designate caution, limited to
warning against starting use
of or the movement of
equipment of which is under
repair or being worked upon.
designate radiation hazards.
Yellow is used in combination
with purple for markers, such
as tags, labels, signs and
floor markers.
 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY SIGNAGE
(D.0 13 SECTION 9)

The signage examples and the location to be posted:

• Mandatory requirement on the usage of
personal protective equipment prior to entry to
the project site.
• Areas where there are potential risks of falling
objects.
• Areas where there are potential risks of falling.
• Areas where explosives and flammable
substances are used or stored.
• Areas where there are tripping or slipping
hazards.
• Approaches to working areas where danger
from toxic or irritant airborne
contaminants/substances.
 CONSTRUCTION SAFETY SIGNAGE
(D.0 13 SECTION 9)

The signage examples and the location to be posted:

• All places where contact with or

proximity to electrical/facility
equipment can cause danger.
• All places where workers may come
in contact with dangerous moving
parts of machinery or equipment.
• Location of fire alarms and fire-
fighting equipment.
• Instructions on the usage of specific
construction equipment.
CONSTRUCTION SAFETY SIGNAGE
(DIMENSION OF SAFETY SIGNS - OSHS)
SAFETY SIGNAGE EXAMPLES
SAFETY SIGNAGE EXAMPLES
SAFETY SIGNAGE EXAMPLES
SAFETY SIGNAGE EXAMPLES
ELECTRICAL SAFETY
 BASIC OF ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLE

Fundamentals of Electricity
Like Water In A Garden Hose

Resistance (R) = Diameter of Hose

Example – Larger hose (less resistance),
more water flows

Current (I) = Flow Rate

Voltage (V) = Water Pressure Example – 15 gallons per minute
Example – 45 PSI

OHM’S LAW
 BASIC OF ELECTRICAL PRINCIPLE

• Electrical current is the flow of electrons through a

conductor.
• A conductor is a material that allows electrons to flow
through it.
• An insulator resists the flow of electrons.
• Resistance opposes electron flow.
 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
(DEFINITION)

• An electrical hazard is a dangerous condition where a

worker can or does make electrical contact with energized
equipment or a conductor.
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
(EXAMPLES)
 CAUSES OF ELECTROCUTION
FATALITIES

• Contact with overhead power lines

• Contact with live circuits
• Not following lockout/tagout procedures
• Poorly maintained extension cords
• Defective power tools
 ELECTRICAL INJURIES

The most common types of electrical injuries are:

• Electrical shock
• Electrocution (death due to electrical shock)
• Burns
• Falls
 ELECTRIC SHOCK

• Severity of the shock depends on:

• Path of current through the body
• Amount of current flowing through the body
• Length of time the body is in the circuit
• LOW VOLTAGE DOES NOT MEAN LOW HAZARD
 THREE BASIC PATHWAYS ELECTRIC
TRAVELS THROUGH THE BODY

Current passing through the heart and lungs is the

most serious.
EFFECTS OF ELECTRIC SHOCK
CLUES THAT ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
EXIST
COMMON ELECTRICAL HAZARDS IN
THE WORKPLACE
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS AND
CONCERNS IN CONSTRUCTION SITE

SUBSTANDARD CONDITIONS AND DEVICES

 ELECTRICAL HAZARDS AND
CONCERNS IN CONSTRUCTION SITE

SUBSTANDARD AND UNSECURED TAPPING POINTS

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS AND
CONCERNS IN CONSTRUCTION SITE

EXPOSED ELECTRICAL WIRES

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS AND
CONCERNS IN CONSTRUCTION SITE

WORKING NEAR OVERHEAD POWERLINES

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS AND
CONCERNS IN CONSTRUCTION SITE

WIRES EXPOSED IN WET CONDITIONS

ELECTRICAL HAZARDS AND
CONCERNS IN CONSTRUCTION SITE

WIRES ON FLOORS
ELECTRICAL HAZARDS AND
CONCERNS IN CONSTRUCTION SITE
 CONTROLLING ELECTRICAL
HAZARDS

• Electrical Isolation
– keeping electricity away from us, preventing contact

• Equipment Grounding
– conductive connection to the earth which acts as a protective
measure/pathway for stray current to go

• Circuit Interruption
– automatically shutting off the flow of electricity in the event of leakage,
overload, or short circuit

• Safe Work Practices

– eliminating hazards, engineering and administrative controls, PPE,
training
PROTECTION AGAINST ELECTRICAL HAZARDS
(CIRCUIT PROTECTION DEVICE)
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
 SAFE WORK PRACTICES

• Inspect cords before each use

• Never overload a circuit
• Stay away from all unguarded
conductors

• To unplug, pull on the plug, not the cord

• Don’t wear jewelry or use other metal objects around
electrical equipment
 SAFE WORK PRACTICES

• Conduct pre-activity training

prior to any work starts.
• Electrical Work Permit must
be completed.
• Only TESDA NC II Certified
Electricians are authorized to
do the job.
• Warning and cautions shall
be provided.
• Ensure all tools and
equipment to be used are in
good working condition.
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
(LOCKOUT/TAGOUT)
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
(LOCKOUT/TAGOUT)
SAFE WORK PRACTICES
(LOTO PROCEDURE – SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM)
FIRE SAFETY
 DEFINITION OF FIRE

FIRE is a process or chemical reaction called COMBUSTION.

• The process works ONLY when three (3) elements are

present namely:

– Oxygen
– Fuel
– Heat

• The chain reaction causes FLAME,

known as the FIRE TRIANGLE.
 THE CHEMISTRY OF FIRE

To initiate and sustain combustion:

• A fuel must be present

• Oxygen must be
available in sufficient
quantity to combine with
the fuel
• An ignition source
must be applied to
initiate the combustion,
and sufficient heat must
be generated to sustain
the reaction
COMMON CAUSES OF FIRE
SOURCES OF IGNITION (HEAT)
 SOURCES OF OXYGEN

• Oxygen supplies, e.g. cylinders or piped supply

• Ventilation systems
• Chemicals, e.g. oxidizing agents

• Increasing amount of oxidizer will

increase intensity of fire
 SOURCES OF FUEL

1. Solids: these include, wood, paper, cardboard, plastics,

rubber, foam, textiles, building materials, waste materials
(e.g., wood shavings, dust, paper, etc.).

2. Liquids: these include, paint, varnish, thinners, adhesives,

petrol, acetone and other chemicals.

3. Gases: flammable gases include LPG

(liquefied petroleum gas in cylinders,
usually butane or propane), acetylene
(used for welding).
FUEL CLASSIFICATIONS (NFPA 10)
FIRE SPREAD AND HEAT TRANSFER
STAGES OF FIRE
FIRE HAZARDS AND CONCERNS IN
CONSTRUCTION SITE

HOTWORKS ACTIVITIES
FIRE HAZARDS AND CONCERNS IN
CONSTRUCTION SITE

UNSECURED COMPRESSED GASES

FIRE HAZARDS AND CONCERNS IN
CONSTRUCTION SITE

CHEMICAL SPILLAGE / STORAGE

FIRE HAZARDS AND CONCERNS IN
CONSTRUCTION SITE

RECHARGE FIRE EXTINGUISHER

 FIRE HAZARDS AND CONCERNS IN
CONSTRUCTION SITE

POOR HOUSEKEEPING SMOKING IN NON-SMOKING AREA

 FIRE HAZARDS AND CONCERNS IN
CONSTRUCTION SITE

SUBSTANDARD ELECTRICAL
COOKING INSIDE BARRACKS
DEVICES AND CABLES
 PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

• Portable fire extinguishers

are first-aid devices and provide
a first line of defense against
small fires.
• When used properly, an
extinguisher can save lives and
property by putting a small fire or
containing it until the Fire Brigade
Team arrives.
 TYPES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

CHECK THE LABEL!

• Not all fires are the
same.
• Different fires require
different types of fire
extinguishers.
• Know which ones to
use for which classes
of fire.
Always Remember:
• Use a portable fire
extinguisher only if the fire
is small.
• Don’t try to suppress a
large fire.
HOW TO USE A PORTABLE FIRE
EXTINGUISHER
WHEN TO FIGHT A FIRE WITH A
PORTABLE FIRE EXTINGUISHER
WHEN NOT TO FIGHT A FIRE
HOW TO EXTINGUISH A FIRE
(METHOD OF EXTINGUISHMENT)
TIPS TO PREVENT FIRES IN YOUR
WORKPLACE
HOW TO PREVENT FIRES IN THE
WORKPLACE
FIRE SAFETY CHECKLIST FOR THE
WORKPLACE
FIRE SAFETY CHECKLIST FOR THE
WORKPLACE
GOOD HOUSEKEEPING
 INTRODUCTION

• Housekeeping is a foundation for not only a safe workplace,

but also a productive one.

• When housekeeping is poor at a worksite, employees are

more likely to be hurt on the job.

• It is important to
realize the impact
of housekeeping
has on your ability
to work safe.
 WORKPLACE HOUSEKEEPING
(DEFINITION)

Workplace Housekeeping
• activities undertaken to create or maintain an orderly, clean,
tidy, and safe working environment

• “A place for everything and everything in its place.”

 SIGNS OF POOR HOUSEKEEPING

• Poorly arranged work areas.

Poor housekeeping in
• Untidy or dangerous storage the workplace not only
of materials. affects your ability to
• Dusty, dirty floors and work focus, but also hides
surfaces. hazards that cause harm
when unnoticed.
• Tools and equipment left in
work areas instead of being
returned to proper storage
places.
• Overflowing waste bins and
containers.
• Spills and leaks.
CONSEQUENCES OF POOR
HOUSEKEEPING
 COST OF POOR HOUSEKEEPING

• Slips, trip, falls

• Fires
• Machine accidents
• Injuries
• Property damage
• Collisions
• Falling objects
• Health problems
 POOR HOUSEKEEPING ISSUES IN
THE WORKPLACE

Source: OSH Brief No. 7, www.ilo.org

 POOR HOUSEKEEPING ISSUES IN
THE WORKPLACE

01 03

02 04
 BENEFITS OF GOOD HOUSEKEEPING

• Eliminates accident and

fire hazards
• Maintain safe, healthy
work conditions
• Saves time, money,
materials, space and
effort
• Improves productivity and
quality
• Boost morale
• Reflects a well-run
organization
 GOOD HOUSEKEEPING HABITS

• Make time for housekeeping

• Evaluate your workspace
• Remove hazards before starting work
• Turn equipment off after using it
• Clean up as you go
• Never ignore a safety hazard
DAILY HOUSEKEEPING CHECKLIST

• Floors
• Aisles
• Workstation
• Equipment
• Storage
• Waste disposal
 ESTABLISHING A HOUSEKEEPING
PROGRAM

• Careful planning
• A clean-up schedule or
policy
• Effective inspection
• Continuous supervision and
enforcement of
housekeeping rules
questions
 KEY POINTS

• Setting up a construction site requires proper planning

and involves safety requirements that can reduce hazards
both for employees and the public.
• A hierarchy of controls has been used as a means of
determining how to implement feasible and effective control
solutions.
• Electrical equipment must be safe to use, properly
maintained and free from recognized hazards.
• The primary goal of fire safety efforts is to protect building
occupants from injury and to prevent loss of life.
• Housekeeping is keeping your workplace clean and safe
and an effective workplace organization.
THAT WOULD BE ALL. THANK YOU!