OPERATING PRINCIPLE OF A THREE PHASE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

1. CONSTRUCTION OF 3- PHASE INDUCTION MOTOR

 2. OPERATION OF A THREE-PHASE ASYNCHRONOUS MOTOR

A 3 phase induction motor derives its name from the fact that the rotor current is
induced by the magnetic field, instead of electrical connections. The operating principle
of a 3 phase induction motor is based on the production of a rotating magnetic
field (R.M.F.).

How does an asynchronous motor work?

An induction motor or asynchronous motor is an AC electric motor in which the electric
current in the rotor needed to produce torque is obtained by electromagnetic induction
from the magnetic field of the stator winding. An induction motor can therefore be made
without electrical connections to the rotor.

Why 3-phase induction motor is asynchronous?

The fundamental difference between these two motors is that the speed of the rotor
relative to the speed of the stator is equal for synchronous motors, while the rotor
speed in induction motors is less than its synchronous speed. This is why induction
motors are also known as asynchronous motors.

What are two types of asynchronous motors?

Asynchronous (induction) motors can be further categorized into two different types
based on their construction : the squirrel cage induction motor and the wound rotor
induction motor.

What are the advantages of asynchronous motors?

As for the Asynchronous Motor, the cost is very low, the process is simple, the
operation is reliable, and the maintenance is convenient. It can work in a complex
working environment and has a relatively strong ability to adapt to large changes in the
surrounding operating temperature.
What is the main disadvantage of synchronous motors?
However, synchronous motors have some drawbacks, such as high cost, complexity,
and maintenance. They also need a separate starting device, such as a variable
frequency drive or a slip ring, to overcome the high starting torque and current.

Prof François BINENE