PATHOPHYSIOLOGY

MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS

NON-MODIFIABLE RISK FACTORS
 Poverty
 Overcrowding  Age
 Environmental Hazard  Family History of PTB
 Recent TB Infection

Hematogenous spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Accumulation of the bacteria in the vertebrae (T10-T12)

Proliferation of the bacteria in the vertebrae

Infection

Progressive microcellular damage / injured cells release of chemicals (T10-T12) M. tuberculosis bacilli kill surrounding
disk tissue

Circulating B-lymphocytes Cytokine interleukin 1 & 6 vasoconstrictive

stimulated producing Cytokine Interleukin – 2 agents stimulate pyrogen release Disk tissue dies by cessation of
immunoglobulins (responsible for cell disk tissue

(antibodies) mediated response)

Higher multiple cytokine
levels are correlated to Vasodilation of the involved Increase metabolic function Vertebral Narrowing
vessels for body temperature with the
increased leptin levels
Antibodies attach to the aid of the hypothalamic

bacterial antigen tagging Binds to interleukin – 2 thermos regulating system

them for phagocytosis receptor sites for TB Increased blood flow Vertebral Collapse (T10- GIBBUS FORMATION
specific lymphocytes T12) at the T10 – T12
Leptin binds to specific FEVER

receptors to hypothalamus
TB specific lymphocytes from which suppresses Increased capillary permeability of the Heat NIGHT SWEAT
surrounding area allowing plasma to leak Compression of the
identify the bacterial antigen appetite from blood stream into the extravascular PARAPARESIS
T lymphocytes activated Spinal Cord
and will perform phagocytosis space

Localize edema MUSCLE WEAKNESS

Weakness from lower
Fragments of the bacillus triggers LOSS OF APPETITE Decreased muscle rating epigastric region downward
increase WBC production and sensory perception
PRESSURE TO THE SURROUNDING AREA
at lower extremity
NEUTROPHILIA (increased
neutrophils) DIFFICULTY in
LEUKOCYTES (increased WBC) MOVING the LOWER
Pain receptor activated BACK PAIN
EXTREMITIES