DUG30023

Green Technology Compliance

Introduction to Green Fundamentals

01. 02.
About Green Fundamentals Green Goals Terms
a. Short-term goals
03. b. Mid-term goals
c. Long-term goals
Element in Green Fundamentals
a. Climate change impact 04.
b. Environmental requirements and
regulations Needs Of Green Applications
c. Biodiversity preservation
d. Pollution control
e. Natural resources sustainability
f. Carbon management
g. Green practices policies and legislation
 RECOGNISE CLIMATE CHANGE
Activity: Share your thought

Recognizing climate change and its impact

on the Malaysian way of life.

INTERNATIONAL GREEN TRAINING

CENTRE (IGTC)
 IDENTIFY ENVIRONMENTAL
REQUIREMENTS

Identify key environment requirements and

baseline measurements. The basic
understanding on the concept of carbon and
water footprint.
INTERNATIONAL GREEN TRAINING
CENTRE (IGTC)
 ENVIRONMENTAL SUSTAINABILITY
FRAMEWORK
The Environmental and
Social Sustainability
Framework improves
business practices by
integrating key cross-cutting
sustainability measures
across its work to enables
user to anticipate & manage
emerging environmental and
social issues in planned and
structured manner.
EXAMPLE OF ENVIRONMENTAL
REQUIREMENTS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT
COVID-19 IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT
EXAMPLE OF
POLYTECHNIC’S
SUSTAINABILITY
REPORT
01.03 IDENTIFICATION OF
BIODIVERSITY PRESERVATION

Identify biodiversity preservation

 DEFINITION OF BIODIVERSITY
 Biological diversity, commonly
known as biodiversity, is a term
used to describe the wide
variety of living organisms and
ecosystems found on Earth.
 Biodiversity is the extremely
complex unification of
innumerable species of flora,
fauna and microbes that exist
into one environmental system,
and is the foundation for life on
Earth
BIODIVERSITY PRESERVATION
 IDENTIFY POLLUTION CONTROL

Identify source and impact of pollution and

measures to control pollution.

INTERNATIONAL GREEN TRAINING

CENTRE (IGTC)
 WHAT IS POLLUTION CONTROL?
Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into
the natural environment that cause adverse
change. Pollution can take the form of chemical
substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light.
Pollutants, the components of pollution, can be
either foreign substances/energies or naturally
occurring contaminants. Pollution is often classed
as point source or nonpoint source pollution.
CLASSIFICATION OF POLLUTION CONTROL

INTERNATIONAL GREEN TRAINING

CENTRE (IGTC)
 FORMS OF POLLUTION
• Air pollution
• Light pollution
• Littering
• Noise pollution
• Soil contamination
• Radioactive
contamination
• Thermal pollution
• Visual pollution
• Water pollution
• Plastic pollution
• Sewage
 Air Pollution

The Clean Air Act requires EPA to set National Ambient Air
Quality Standards (NAAQS) for six common air pollutants (also
known as “criteria air pollutants").

These pollutants are found all over the U.S., some from natural
sources and some from man-made sources.
They can harm your health and the environment, and cause
property damage.
Criteria Air Pollutants

1. carbon monoxide
2. lead
3. ground-level ozone
4. particulate matter
5. nitrogen dioxide
6. sulfur dioxide
Impact of Air Pollution
Air Pollution

The Clean Air Act requires EPA to set National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for six
common air pollutants (also known as “criteria air pollutants").
These pollutants are found all over the U.S., some from natural sources and some from man-made
sources.
They can harm your health and the environment, and cause property damage.
 SOURCES AND CAUSES OF POLLUTANT

• Insert pictures on sources of pollution

CAUSES AND
SOURCES OF
POLLUTION
HIERARCHY OF POLLUTION CONTROL
 REGULATION AND MONITORING
To protect the
environment from the
adverse effects of
pollution, many
nations worldwide
have enacted
legislation to regulate
various types of
pollution as well as to
mitigate the adverse
effects of pollution.
PRACTICES ON POLLUTION CONTROL
• recycling
• reusing
• waste minimisation
• mitigating
• preventing
• composting.
 POLLUTION CONTROL
DEVICES
• Dust collection systems
• Scrubbers
• Sewage treatment
• Industrial wastewater
treatment
• Vapour recovery systems
• Phytoremediation
IMO: MARPOL ANNEX VI – PREVENTION OF
AIR POLLUTION FROM SHIPS
01.05 IDENTIFY NATURAL RESOURCES
SUSTAINABILITY

Identify natural resources sustainability

INTERNATIONAL GREEN TRAINING

CENTRE (IGTC)
SUSTAINABILITY LAND PLANNING
PRINCIPLE
 NATURAL RESOURCES SUSTAINABILITY
Natural resources occur naturally within environments that exist relatively undisturbed by humanity,
in a natural form. A natural resource is often characterized by amounts of

biodiversity and geo-diversity existent in various ecosystems.

Natural resources are derived from the environment.
Some of them are essential for our survival while most are
used for satisfying our needs.

Natural resources may be further classified in different ways.

1. Natural resources are materials and components (something that can be used) that can be found within the environment.
2. A natural resource may exist as a separate entity such as fresh water, and air, as well as a living organism such as a fish, or it may exist in an
alternate form which must be processed to obtain the resource such as metal ores, oil, and most forms of energy.
3. Some natural resources such as sunlight and air can be found everywhere, and are known as ubiquitous resources.
4. Most resources only occur in small sporadic areas, and are referred to as localized resources. There are very few resources that are considered
inexhaustible– these are solar radiation, geothermal energy, and air.
5. The vast majority of resources are exhaustible, which means they have a finite quantity, and can be depleted if managed improperly
CLASSIFICATION OF NATURAL RESOURCES
There are various methods of categorizing natural resources, these include source of origin,
stage of development, and by their renewability. These classifications are described below.
On the basis of origin, natural resources may be divided into:

1. Biotic – Biotic resources are obtained from the biosphere (living and organic material),
such as forests and animals, and the materials that can be obtained from them. Fossil
fuels such as coal and petroleum are also included in this category because they are
formed from decayed organic matter.

2. Abiotic – Abiotic resources are those that come from non-living, non-organic material.
Examples of abiotic resources include land, fresh water, air and heavy metals including
ores such as gold, iron, copper, silver, etc.
 RENEWABILITY OF NATURAL RESOURCES
RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Renewable resources can be replenished naturally.
Some of these resources, like sunlight, air, wind,
Many renewable resources do not have such a rapid
recovery rate, these resources are susceptible to
depletion by over-use.
Resources from a human use perspective are classified as renewable
only so long as the rate of replenishment/recovery exceeds that of the
rate of consumption.
 NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES
1. Non-renewable resources either form slowly or do not naturally form in the environment.
2. Minerals are the most common resource included in this category, by the human
perspective, resources are non-renewable when their rate of consumption exceeds the rate
of replenishment/recovery.

3. A good example of this are fossil fuels, which are in this category because their rate of
formation is extremely slow (potentially millions of years), meaning they are considered
non-renewable.
4. Some resources actually naturally deplete in amount without human interference, the most
notable of these being radio-active elements such as uranium, which naturally decay into
heavy metals. Of these, the metallic minerals can be re-used by recycling them, but coal
and petroleum cannot be recycled.
01.06 RECOGNIZE CARBON MANAGEMENT

To identify and acknowlegde the concept of

carbon management in relation with green
house gas emissions, carbon footprint
calculations and carbon footprint reduction
programs.
INTERNATIONAL GREEN TRAINING
CENTRE (IGTC)
 RECOGNISE CARBON MANAGEMENT
The carbon management is recognized through
acknowledgement and understanding of the following
subject within the context of reducing impact of
climate change and global warming;
Types of Greenhouse Gasses (GHG) and their
Global Warming Potential (GWP)
1.Carbon Footprint (CF)
2.Carbon sequestrations
3.Carbon stock
4.Carbon sink
5.Carbon capture and storage
6.Carbon off-set
7.Carbon tradings
8.Carbon neutral growth
 CONCEPT OF RECOGNISING CARBON
MANAGEMENT
The Change (UNFCCC) has recognised various methods of measuring
the carbon footprint as the basconcept of recognising carbon
management is important to address the fenomena of climate change
and global warming issues that faced by the world now. United Nations
Framework for Climate is for carbon management.

World Resources Institute (WRI) and World Business Council on

Sustainable Development (WBCSD) has introduce the GreenHouse Gas
Protocol to help organisation to measure their carbon footprint.
GHG EMISSIONS
43.1%
CARBON OPERATING
DIOXIDE
GHG
26.7%
METHANE

11.9%
BLACK
CARBON

7.8%
HALO
CARBONS

6.7% 3.8%
CO AND NITROUS
EMBODIED VOCs OXIDE
GHG
CONCEPT OF CARBON FOOTPRINT
 DEFINITION OF CARBON FOOTPRINT

The amount of greenhouse gases

and specifically carbon dioxide
emitted by something (as a
person's activities or a product's
manufacture and transport) during
a given period usually expressed in
equivalent tons of carbon dioxide
(CO2).Unit measurement;
g/kg/kt CO2 eq.
I
N
T
E
R
N
A
T
I
O
N
3 TYPE OF CARBON FOOTPRINT
A
L
G
R
E
E Life-cycle Organizational Geographical
N
T
R
inventories: inventories: inventories:
A
I
N
Boundaries Boundaries Boundaries
I
N defined by the defined by defined by set
G
C
E supply-/value- ownership or spatial parameters,
N
T
R chain of a control by an e.g. city- or state
E
(
I
specified product organizational limits.
G
T
C
or service entity (company or
)
other organization)
LIFE CYCLE CARBON EMISSIONS FOR
BUILDINGS
 GHG ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES
1. Relevance: Ensure the GHG emissions reported
appropriately reflect the emissions of the organisation
2. Completeness: Measure and report on all GHG emissions
sources and activities from the businesses / operations
3. Consistency: Use consistent methodologies to allow for
meaningful comparisons of emissions over time
4. Transparency: Address all relevant issues in a factual and
coherent manner, keeping a record of all assumptions,
calculations and methodologies used
5. Accuracy: As far as can be judged, ensure that reported
GHG emissions data is systematically neither over nor
under your actual emissions.
INTERNATIONAL STANDARD FOR CITY
GHG EMISSION INVENTORIES
TYPICAL
SCOPE FOR
GHG
INVENTORY
 SOURCE OF EMISSION & INFORMATION FOR
CARBON FOOTPRINT CALCULATION
EMISSION-RELEASING ACTIVITY SOURCE OF INFORMATION
Electricity use Total kilowatt hours (kWh) used from electricity bills
Natural gas use Total kilowatt hours (kWh) used from gas bills
Water supply Total water supplied in cubic metres (m3) from water bill
Water treatment Total water treated in cubic metres (m3) from water bill
Fuel used in company owned Litres of fuel purchased from invoices and receipts (more accurate); or
vehicles Vehicle mileage from vehicle log books / odometers (less accurate)
Employee passenger travel Receipts for details of travel, and use distance calculation websites to
obtain flight, rail and road distances
Waste disposal / recycling Tonnes of waste-treated by waste type (e.g. paper, glass, waste to
landfill) from waste collection provider.

BASIC FORMULA
Actual Activity Data x Emission Factor = GHG emissions
 CARBON FOOTPRINT BASELINE
The first step for any carbon management program is to understand the current carbon
footprint (baseline measurement). This allows targets to be set and to quantify benefits from.
better managed emissions.

INTERNATIONAL GREEN TRAINING

CENTRE (IGTC)
MEASUREMENT, REPORTING &
VERIFICATIONS (MRV) OF GHG
i. MRV of GHG emissions: Conducted at national /
organizational / facility level to understand an entity’s
emissions profile and report it in the form of an
emissions inventory.
ii. MRV of mitigation actions: Linked to policies / projects
& used to assess GHG effects and sustainable
development (non-GHG) effects, as well as to monitor
implementation. Focus is on estimating the change in
GHG emissions or other non-GHG variables.
iii. MRV of support: In many forms; climate finance,
technology transfer & capacity building. Helps track
provision and receipt of climate support, monitor
results achieved and assess impact.
 PENJANAAN TENAGA ELEKTRIK DARI
BERBAGAI JENIS BAHANAPI MEMBERI EMISSION
FACTOR YANG BERLAINAN SETIAP TAHUN

INTERNATIONAL GREEN TRAINING

CENTRE (IGTC)
CONTOH PENGIRAAN JEJAK KARBON
BAGI PENGGUNAAN GRID ELECTRICITY

AD x EF = EM
Reported/published 419,732 kWh 0.694 tCO2e/MWh
Conversion factor 1/1000 MWh/kWh -
Input number 419.732 MWh 0.694 tCO2e/MWh 291.29 tCO2e

AD source: Direct engagement

EF source: MGTC – Grid emission study: http://oursphere.greentechmalaysia.my/wp-
content/uploads/2016/04/CDM-BASELINE-YEAR-2014.pdf
 CONTOH PENGIRAAN BAGI PEMBAKARAN
BAHANAPI SETEMPAT (STATIONARY COMBUSTION)

AD x EF = EM
Reported/published 36,659.63 liters 69,300 kgCO2e/TJ
Conversion factor 34.2 MJ/liter 1/1,000,000,00
0
Input number 1,253,759 MJ 0.0000693 tCO2e/MJ 86.89 tCO2e

AD source: Direct engagement

EF source: IPCC, 2006 –https://www.ipcc-
nggip.iges.or.jp/public/2006gl/pdf/2_Volume2/V2_2_Ch2_Stationary_Combustion.pdf
GUNAKAN EMISSION FACTOR OLEH DEFRA BAGI
PENGIRAAN JEJAK KARBON PENGANGKUTAN
EXAMPLE OF GEOGRAPHICAL GHG
INVENTORIES
% GHG

Government Commercial Industrial Institution Municipal

Residential Transporation Waste Water
 EXAMPLE SUMMARY OF
GEOGRAPHICAL GHG INVENTORIES Emissions tCO2e
No. Sector %
Scope 1 Scope 2 Scope 3 Total
1. Government - 13,433.63 - 13,433.63 1.3
INVENTORI GHG SECARA CITY-WIDE 2. Commercial 38.40 9,857.34 - 9,895.74 1.0
& TERPERINCI MEMBERI BANYAK 3. Industrial 3,481.95 557,015.67 - 560,497.62 54.4
KELEBIHAN KEPADA PBT; 4. Institution 61.66 19,587.89 - 19,649.55 1.9

• MENGENALPASTI PRIORITY 5. Municipal 153.94 291.29 342.86 788.09 0.0

6. Residential - 9,936.31 - 9,936.31 1.0
UNTUK PENJIMATAN KOS 7. Transportation 374,822.54 - - 374,822.54 36.4
• BERGUNA BAGI PELAN TINDAKAN 8. Waste 1,620.30 - 26,950.80 28,571.10 2.8
PERUBAHAN IKLIM YANG 9. Water - 12,643.39 - 12,643.39 1.2
KOMPREHENSIF Grand Total 380,178.79 622,765.52 27,293.66 1,030,237.97 100.0

• MEMBANTU PERTUMBUHAN
PERNIAGAAN SEDIA ADA
• MEMBUKA PELUANG PERNIAGAAN HIJAU
• MERANCANG PEMBANGUNAN RENDAH
KARBON DARI KELEBIHAN SEDI ADA
• MEMBANTU NEGERI & NEGARA
MENCAPAI PENURUNAN INTENSITI
KARBON / KDNK
 GRI SUSTAINABILITY REPORTING
The GRI reporting framework is the most trusted and widely used in the world. GRI
Sustainability Reporting Standards (GRI Standards) help businesses, governments and
other organizations understand and communicate the impact of business on critical
sustainability issues.
WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY REPORT?
 A report published by a company or
organization about the economic,
environmental and social impacts caused
by its everyday activities
 Presents the organization's values and
governance model, and demonstrates the
link between its strategy and its
commitment to a sustainable global
economy.
 Is a method to internalize and improve an
organization’s commitment to sustainable
development that can be demonstrated to
both internal and external stakeholders
EXAMPLE OF SUSTAINABILITY REPORTS
 WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF
SUSTAINABILITY REPORT?
 Raises corporate transparency
– Improves trust from employees, stakeholders, and investors
– Highlights management quality
– Increases brand value
 Balanced assessment by stakeholders
– Gives an strong indication of how well a company is being managed
 Holistic assessment of emerging risks and opportunities
– Increases business resilience
– Highlights emerging markets and opportunities
– Mitigates social and environmental (non-financial) risk
– Reassures investors that company is managing nonfinancial risk
 Promotes stakeholder engagement and communications
 Aligned with objectives of annual reporting of financial information
 WHAT ARE THE BENEFITS OF
SUSTAINABILITY REPORT? (Cont’d)
 Drives innovation and learning
–Highlights inefficiencies and risk, and helps identify opportunities for supply chain,
management, and business improvement.
 Societal competition / reputational dividends
–As sustainability reporting gains a higher profile with employees, investors, and stakeholders,
quality reporting will be considered a factor in whether to engage with a company or market.
–It can increase employee retention, attract investors, and improve relationships with
stakeholders.
–As and when sustainability reporting becomes mandatory, it will be accompanied by fines and
non-financial consequences for non-compliance, such as barring an IPO at a specific stock market.
 Business opportunities and improvement
INTERNATIONAL GREEN TRAINING
– Improved employee attraction and retention CENTRE (IGTC)

– Attraction of investors
– Stronger communication with governments, regulators, NGOs and local communities
 CARBON SEQUESTRATION
Carbon sequestration is the process of capture and long-
term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2).
Carbon sequestration describes long-term storage of
carbon dioxide or other forms of carbon to either mitigate
or defer global warming and avoid dangerous climate
change. It has been proposed as a way to slow the
atmospheric and marine accumulation of greenhouse
gases, which are released by burning fossil fuels.

Carbon sequestration, a process where CO2 is pulled

from the atmosphere and stored for a long period of time,
may be one way to slow or reverse the accumulation of
CO2 in the Earth’s atmosphere. Terrestrial sequestration
utilizes natural processes in ecosystems to absorb CO2
from the atmosphere and store it in plants, animals, and
soil.
 CARBON SINK
A carbon sink is a natural or artificial reservoir that
accumulates and stores some carbon-containing
chemical compound for an indefinite period. The
process by which carbon sinks remove carbon
dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere is known as
carbon sequestration. The natural sinks are:
1. Absorption of carbon dioxide by the oceans via
physicochemical and biological processes
2. Photosynthesis by terrestrial plants
Natural sinks are typically much larger than
artificial sinks. The main artificial sinks are:
1. Landfills
2. Carbon capture and storage
Carbon sources include:Fires (by combustion),
Farmland (by animal respiration)
 CARBON STOCK
Carbon stock is the quantity of
carbon contained in a “pool”,
meaning a reservoir or system
which has the capacity to
accumulate or release carbon. In
the context of forests it refers to the
amount of carbon stored in the
world’s forest ecosystem, mainly in
living biomass and soil, but to a
lesser extent also in dead wood
and litter.
INTERNATIONAL & NATIONAL STANDARDS FOR
LAND MANAGEMENT

INTERNATIONAL GREEN TRAINING

CENTRE (IGTC)
SUSTAINABLE FORESTRY MANAGEMENT
CROPLAND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT
SUSTAINABLE PEAT SOILS MANAGEMENT

INTERNATIONAL GREEN TRAINING

CENTRE (IGTC)
 CARBON CAPTURE AND STORAGE
Carbon capture and storage
(CCS) is the process of
capturing waste carbon
dioxide (CO2) from large point
sources, such as fossil fuel
power plants, transporting it to
a storage site, and depositing
it where it will not enter the
atmosphere, normally an
underground geological
formation.
 CARBON OFF-SET
A carbon offset is a reduction in emissions of carbon dioxide
or greenhouse gases made in order to compensate for or to
offset an emission made elsewhere. One carbon offset
represents the reduction of one metric ton of carbon dioxide or
its equivalent in other greenhouse gases.
Starting in 2021, aircraft
operators will offset the
growth of CO2 emissions
from international aviation in
order to help achieve carbon-
neutral growth, through the
Carbon Offsetting and
Reduction Scheme for
International Aviation
(CORSIA)
- This historic agreement was reached
at the 39th General Assembly of the
ICAO, September 2016
 CARBON TRADINGS
● Emissions trading or cap and trade ("cap" meaning a legal limit
on the quantity of a certain type of chemical an economy can emit
each year) is a market-based approach used to control pollution by
providing economic incentives for achieving reductions in the
emissions of pollutants.

● This program invests in low carbon technology

to reduce emissions; participants buy permits

from one another, or buy carbon offsets from
projects in developing countries under the Clean
Development Mechanism (CDM).
• Plant Location ; Sahabat, Malaysia
• Biomass Fuel ; Empty Fruit Bunch
• Plant Capacity ; 7.5 MW, 50 tons/hr boiler
@37 bar(g), 435°C with water-cooled step
grate
01.07 IDENTIFY GREEN PRACTICES
POLICY AND LEGISLATION

Identify green practices policy and legislation

related to green initiative globally and at
national levels.

INTERNATIONAL GREEN TRAINING

CENTRE (IGTC)
 WHAT IS GREEN PRACTICES POLICY?

A policy is a set of ideas or a plan of what to do in particular

situations that has been agreed officially by a group of people,
a business organization, a government, or a political party.
Green Practices Policy is an action plan following a particular
green policy that has been outlined to conduct green initiatives.
INTERNATIONAL GREEN TRAINING
CENTRE (IGTC)
GLOBAL POLICY IN GREEN PRACTICES

INTERNATIONAL GREEN TRAINING

CENTRE (IGTC)
INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL
POLICIES & REGULATIONS
SDG AS GLOBAL SUSTAINABLE GENERIC MASTER
PLAN IDENTIFY TVET AS GOAL 4 ENABLER
UNESCO STRATEGY FOR TVET (2016 – 2021)
GREEN TVET PRACTICES BY PolyCC
MALAYSIA GREEN TECHNOLOGY POLICY
2009

The National Green Technology Policy was launched by the Prime Minister on 24 July 2009.
The National Green Technology Policy is built on four pillars: Energy, Environment, Economic
and Social
I
N
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E
R
N
A
MALAYSIA CLIMATE Principle 1: Development on a Sustainable Path
T
I
O
CHANGE POLICY 2009 To integrate climate change responses into national
development plans to fulfill the country’s aspiration for
N
A
L
● The National Policy on sustainable development
G Principle 2: Conservation of Environment and Natural Resources
R
E
Climate Change helps to To strengthen the implementation of climate change
E
N
T
ensure climate-resilient actions that contribute to environmental conservation and
sustainable use of natural resources.
R
A development to fulfill Principle 3: Coordinated Implementation
I
N
I
international aspirations for To incorporate climate change considerations into
N implementation of development program at all levels.
G
C
sustainable development. Principle 4: Effective Participation
E
N
T
Five principles underpin the To improve participation of stakeholders and major
groups for effective implementation of climate change
R
E
(
ten strategic thrusts to set responses.
I
G the national direction in Principle 5: Common but Differentiated Responsibilities and
T Respective Capabilities
C
)
responding to the challenges International involvement on climate change will be
of climate change based on the principle of common but differentiated
responsibilities and respective capabilities
 LEGISLATIVE BODY
A Legislative body responsible for the planning and
formulation of policies as well as to facilitate and to regulate
the growth of every related sectors. It is also to provide
direction and motivation for Malaysians to continuously enjoy
good quality living and a healthy environment.
Two main legislative bodies in Malaysia are:
The Ministry of Environment and Water
Malaysia Green Technology Corporation (MGTC)
 REGULATIONS
Regulations enacted by several ministries including the
Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment
(NRE) and Ministry of Housing and Local
Government (KPKT) are among efforts initiated by
the government to standardise, preserve and
control all aspects of technology and environment.
Regulations can be seen as the implementation
standards for policy statements.
INTERNATIONAL GREEN TRAINING
CENTRE (IGTC)
WHAT

Due to the natural environmental issues likes climate change,

global warming and greenhouse effect which harms and crimes
affecting the environment and the planet, give your best solution
to overcome on it.

● 1. Pick one (1) environmental issue.

● 2. Suggest two (2) activities in order to reduce/minimize

the harmfulness on environment.