1) Classify each of the following as a pure

substance or a mixture. If a mixture, indicate

whether it is homogeneous or
heterogeneous:
(a) rice pudding
(b) seawater
(c) magnesium
(d) crushed ice
1) Ans:
a) heterogeneous mixture
b) homogeneous mixture (if there are
undissolved particles, such as sand or
decaying plants, the mixture is
heterogeneous.)
c) pure substance
d) pure substance
2) Classify each of the following as a pure
substance or a mixture. If a mixture, indicate
whether it is homogeneous or
heterogeneous:
(a) air
(b) tomato juice
(c) iodine crystals
(d) sand.
2) Ans:
a) homogeneous mixture
b) heterogeneous mixture(particles in
liquid)
c) pure substance
d) heterogeneous mixture
3) Give the chemical symbol or
name for the following elements,
as appropriate:
(a) sulfur, (b) gold,
(c) potassium, (d) chlorine,
(e) copper, (f) U, (g) Ni, (h) Na,
(i) Al, (j) Si.
3)Ans:
a) S b) Au c) K d) Cl
e) Cu f) Uranium g) Nickel
h) Sodium i) Aluminum
j) Silicon
4) A solid white substance A is heated
strongly in the absence of air. It decomposes
to form a new white substance B and a gas
C. The gas has exactly the same properties
as the product obtained when carbon is
burned in an excess of oxygen. Based on
these observations, can we determine
whether solids A and B and gas C are
elements or compounds? Explain your
conclusions for each substance.
4) Ans:
When solid carbon is burned in excess oxygen gas, the two
elements combine to form a gaseous compound, carbon
dioxide. Clearly substance C is this compound. Since C is
produced when A is heated in the absence of oxygen (from
air), both the carbon and oxygen in C must have been present
in A originally. A is therefore, a compound composed of two
or more elements chemically combined. Without more
information on the chemical or physical properties of B, we
cannot determine absolutely whether it is an element or
compound. However, few if any elements exist as white
solids, so B is probably also a compound.
5) In the process of attempting to characterize a
substance, a chemist makes the following
observations: The substance is a silvery white,
lustrous metal. It melts at 649 °C and boils at 1105
°C. Its density at 20 °C is 1.738 g/cm3. The
substance burns in air, producing an intense white
light. It reacts with chlorine to give a brittle white
solid. The substance can be pounded into thin sheets
or drawn into wires. It is a good conductor of
electricity. Which of these characteristics are physical
properties, and which are chemical properties?
5) Ans:
Physical properties: silvery white (color); lustrous;
melting point = 649 deg. Celsius; boiling point =
1105 deg. Celsius; density at 20 deg. Celsius = 1.738
g/cm3; pounded into sheets (malleable): drawn into
wires (ductile); good conductor.

Chemical properties: burns in air to give intense

white light; reacts with Cl2 to produce brittle white
solid.
6) Label each of the following as either
a physical process or a chemical
process:
(a) rusting of a metal can, (b) boiling a
cup of water, (c) pulverizing an aspirin,
(d) digesting a candy bar,(e) exploding
of nitroglycerin.
6) Ans:
a) chemical b) physical
c) physical d) chemical
e) chemical
7) Suggest a method of
separating each of the following
mixtures into two components:
(a) sugar and sand
(b) oil and vinegar
7) Ans:
a) Take advantage of the different solubilities (how they
dissolve in water) of the two solids. Add water to dissolve the
sugar; filter this mixture, collecting the sand on the filter paper
and the sugar water in the flask. Evaporate water from the flask
to recover solid sugar.
b) Take advantage of the different solubilities (how they
dissolve in water) and densities of the two liquids. Allow the
mixture to settle so that there are two distinct layers. Vinegar (a
water based solution) is denser and on the bottom; oil (the
organic layer) is less dense and on top. Carefully pour off most
of the top layer. After the layers reform, use a dropper to
remove any remaining oil. Vinegar is in the original vessel and
oil is in a second container.
8) Three beakers contain clear,
colorless liquids. One beaker
contains pure water, another
contains salt water, and another
contains sugar water. How can
you tell which beaker is which?
(No tasting allowed!)
8) Ans:
First heat the liquid in each beaker to 100 deg.
Celsius (the boiling point of water) to evaporate the
water. The beaker with no residue contained pure
water. The other two beakers have a solid, white
residue. Measure the melting point of each solid.
Sugar has a much lower melting point than salt, so
the beaker with the lower-melting residue contained
sugar water and that with the higher-melting residue
contained salt water. You could also measure the
densities of the white solids to differentiate the two.