Key Words: Define Explain the how a leaf Identify the type of stain

cell is adapted. used to view cells below:

Eukaryotic cells:
a) Onion cell:

Prokaryotic cells: b) Cheek cell:

c) Bacterial cell:
Subcellular structures:
Total
B1.1. Cell Structures = Eyepiece lens x Objective
magnification magnification lens
Plasmid:
magnification

Flagellum:

Slime capsule: A diagram of a cell has a magnification of x Compare TEM to SEM and
100. The diameter of the cell in the diagram explain the advantage of
is 1.2 cm. Calculate the real size of the cell using electron microscopes to
in mm. observe cancer cells.
Pilli:

Resolution:

Compare the subcellular features of a

Light microscope: bacterial cell to a plant cell.

Electron microscope:
Key Words: Define Use the graph to Explain the
effect of temperature on the
DNA: rate of an enzyme catalysed
reaction and Identify the
Chromosomes: optimum temperature of the
enzyme.
Genes:

Nucleotides:
Complete the graph below
showing the effect of pH on an Use the lock and key model to explain
Polymer: enzyme found in the stomach. enzyme specificity.

Complimentary base:

mRNA: B1.2 Cell Level

Systems
Codon
Describe in detail the structure of a DNA molecule and Explain what happens during
explain why it is a polymer. transcription and translation and
Transcription: state where each process occurs.

Translation:

Enzymes: Identify the enzyme used to catalyse the breakdown of

starch, state the products, describe how to test for this.

Active site:
Amino Acid – tRNA codon
Tyrosine – AUA Alanine – GCG
STOP – UAG Glycine – GGU
Substrate: Arginine – GCC Tryptophan-UAC
Lysine – UUC Alanine – GCG
Serine – AGC, UCC Histidine- CAC
Denatured: Leucine – GAA Methionine- AUG
Key Words: Define Identify a cell with a high number of mitochondria and
explain why.
Metabolic rate:

Monomer:

Polymers:
Complete the balanced chemical/word equation and Complete the balanced chemical/word equation and Explain why athletes have to breathe
identify the reaction: identify the reaction: more heavily after strenuous exercise.
Proteins:

Carbohydrates:

Lipids:
Explain when a predator
B1.3 Respiration and a prey may need to
Aerobic respiration:
Explain what happens during fermentation and State the main uses of respire anaerobically. Compare aerobic respiration to anaerobic
describe some uses for the products of fermentation. ATP in the body. respiration.
ATP:

Exothermic:

Anaerobic respiration:

Mitochondria: Identify the enzyme used to catalyse the breakdown of

starch, state the products and describe how to test for
this.
Lactic acid:

Oxygen debt:

Fermentation:
Key Words: Define Complete the balanced chemical/word equation and identify the Use the pondweed experiment to explain
reaction: how to test for a product of
Photosynthesis: photosynthesis. Identify the equipment
needed to ensure accurate results.
Endothermic:

Chlorophyll:

B1.4 Photosynthesis Identify the following from the

experiment above:
Limiting factors:
Identify the limiting factors at a) Dependent variable:
points A, B and C.
Light intensity: b) Independent variable:

Rate of Photosynthesis: c) Control variables:

Enzyme:
Identify the enzyme used to catalyse Explain the use of the Use the diagram to describe the steps taken to test for the Explain why light is
the breakdown of starch and state the following in the experiment: reactant of photosynthesis. needed for
Catalyse: products. photosynthesis.
a) Placing the leaf in
alcohol:
Independent variable:

b) Placing the leaf in water

Dependent variable: after being placed in
Calculate the rate of photosynthesis of alcohol:
a plant producing 28 𝑐𝑚3 of oxygen in
Control variable: 164 seconds.

c) Iodine solution:
Variegated leaves:
Key Words: Define Explain why particles diffuse Explain how oxygen from the Explain how the following factors affect the rate of List and explain the adaptations of
and give examples of diffusion. air and glucose from your food diffusion. the following cells:
Diffusion: reach your cells to take part in a) Concentration gradient: a) Sperm Cell:
respiration.

Concentration gradient: b) Distance travelled:

b) Nerve cell:

Surface area: c) Surface area:

Osmosis: c) Red Blood Cells:

B2.1 Supplying the Cell Percentage change = New result – Original result x 100
Water potential:
Original result
Explain how DNA is replicated.
Saturated: Explain the movement of water in each of the cells Label the diagram below: Describe the difference
below. Identify the water potential of each one using a) State and explain the use of ATP in between adult stem
the words – hypotonic, hypertonic, isotonic. the process below. cells and embryonic
Active transport: stem cells. Discuss the
advantages in the
treatment of Type 1
Carrier proteins: diabetes.

b) Give examples of this process in the

ATP: human body.

Mitosis:
State the name of stem cells in
plants, where they are found, and
Differentiated: their role.

Stem Cells:

Meristems:
 Meiosis
Meiosis, mitosis, and inheritance 10.Draw a diagram to represent meiosis (only include
two pairs of chromosome).

1.Where are chromosomes found? ............................................................................................. Add the following labels: Parent cell, daughter cells,
DNA replicates, no. of chromosomes for a horse (a
2.What does DNA stand for? ....................................................................................................... horse has 64 chromosomes).
3.DNA has two main roles? .........................................................................................................
4.What is a gene?........................................................................................................................
5.What is an allele? .....................................................................................................................

6.Complete the diagram opposite to show cell division in /5

mitosis; include only two pairs of chromosomes. Then add the \
following labels:
Parent cell, daughter cells, DNA replicates, no. of chromosomes
(human cell).

7.What is mitosis? ...................................................................

.....................................................................................................
8.What is a stem cell? .............................................................
.....................................................................................................
9.How can stem cells help treat various diseases and injuries?
......................................................................................................
............................................................................................
.....................................................................................................

/3
\ /6
\
 /10
Meiosis, mitosis, and inheritance continued \

12.On the diagram write the sex chromosomes which should be in the empty boxes.
13.The child has inherited cystic fibrosis from its parents. Neither parent has cystic fibrosis.
Explain as fully as you can how the child has inherited cystic fibrosis.
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Key Words: Define Calculate the surface area to volume ratio of the block Explain how lungs are adapted to Explain how the small Explain why the wall of the left
below. State which organism – Tapeworm and a frog - maximise the rate at which oxygen intestine is adapted to ventricle is thicker than the wall of
Surface area to volume has a larger surface area to volume ratio and explain enters the body. maximise the diffusion rate of the right ventricle.
ratio: the effect of this on diffusion. substances.

Alveoli:

Villi:
Double circulatory system:

Arteries:
B2.2 The Challenges of Size Describe how to use a potometer to Describe the flow of blood Explain what a double circulatory
Veins: measure the rate of transpiration. through the heart. system means and label the
Explain how water is lost from leaves and discuss the diagram below with the following
effect of certain factors on the rate of transpiration. keywords: Deoxygenated blood,
Capillaries: oxygenated blood, pulmonary vein,
#

pulmonary artery, aorta, vena cava

Semi-permeable:

Atria:

Ventricles: Label the diagram below and explain the structure and a) Identify each blood vessel and use the keywords to label the structures
function of the xylem, phloem and vascular bundle. – Artery, Capillary, Vein, Small lumen, Large Lumen, Thick outer wall, Thin
Valves: layer of muscles and elastic fibres, Thin outer wall, Very small lumen, Wall
made of a single layer cell.
Platelets: b) Explain how arteries and capillaries are adapted to their function.

Plasma:
Describe the composition of blood
and the role of each component.
Xylem:
Phloem:
Translocation:

Transpiration:
Potometer:
Key Words: Define State the function of the brain and Label the Outline the steps involved in a
different parts. reflex arc and voluntary actions
Stimulus: and explain why reflex actions
occur more quickly than
Receptors: voluntary actions.

Effectors:

Electric impulse

Glands: 1. ________ controls posture, balance and

involuntary movements.
_______ lens can correct _________ sightedness by bending 2. ________ stores and releases hormones.
CNS: 3. ________ controls learning, memory,
the ______ rays inwards/outwards before they enter the eye. personality and conscious thought.
Sensory neurones: 4. ________ controls heart & breathing rate
B3.1 The Nervous System 5. ________ regulates temperature and water
Relay neurones:
Identify the each lens. Draw light rays to
show the effect of each lens on the
Motor neurones: direction of light.

Dendrites:

Myelin Sheath: _____________ lens can correct ___________ sightedness

by bending the _________ rays inwards/outwards before
Axon terminal: they enter the eye.
Label the diagram below:

Reflex action:

Voluntary response:

Rods:

Cones:
 Define these terms: Describe examples of hormonal and non
•Hormone hormonal contraceptive methods. What causes diabetes?
•Endocrine system
•Insulin
•Adrenaline

Describe how insulin controls blood glucose levels in your body.

Name the hormones and describe the changes that How can you treat type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
What do adrenaline and thyroxine do in the body?
occur during puberty (males and females)

B3.2 The endocrine system. What hormones are produced by the pituitary gland?

How can hormones be used to treat infertility? Why is the pituitary sometimes called the master gland?
Name the hormones involved in the menstrual cycle and What is IVF and how are hormones involved?
describe what they do What are the advantages and disadvantages of
fertility treatment?

Name some other glands in the endocrine system.