Unified Power Quality

Conditioner-Controller
Design, Topology Study
N.Mukesh , M.lokesh , Y. V. Pavan Kumar

School of Electronics Engineering, VIT-AP University, Amaravati-522237, Andhra Pradesh,

INDIA

ABSTRACT: The Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC) is a versatile device that mitigates various
power quality issues, such as voltage sags, swells, harmonics, and power factor imbalances, in
electrical distribution systems. The effectiveness of the UPQC highly depends on the design and
control strategies employed in its operation. The primary objective of the controller is to ensure
accurate compensation and efficient operation of the UPQC under different system conditions. The
design takes into account the dynamic behavior of the electrical network, the characteristics of the
connected loads, and the desired power quality standards. The controller design involves the
integration of several control techniques, including voltage control, current control, and power
balance control. Advanced control algorithms, such as proportional-integral-derivative (PID) control,
fuzzy logic control, and adaptive control, are employed to achieve optimal performance and
robustness. Simulation studies and experimental validations are conducted to assess the
performance of the proposed controller design. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the
controller in mitigating power quality issues, enhancing voltage and current waveforms, and
maintaining power factors within the acceptable range.

Based on the analysis the proposed controller design offers an effective solution for power quality
improvement in electrical distribution systems, paving the way for enhanced reliability and efficiency
in the power grid.

INTRODUCTION:

The increasing demand for high-quality electrical power has led to the development of advanced
technologies to mitigate power quality issues in modern electrical distribution systems. One such
technology is the Unified Power Quality Conditioner (UPQC), which has gained significant attention
due to its ability to simultaneously compensate for various power quality disturbances. The
effectiveness of the UPQC heavily relies on the design and implementation of its controller. The
controller design for a UPQC system highlights its applications in power quality improvement. Today,
Industry automation utilizes power electronic based power processing devices (variable voltage,
variable frequency and current control) for higher efficiency, accurate controllability, faster response
and compact size. But on the other side, due to the switching actions of these power electronics
devices (SCR, MOSFET, BJT and IGBT) behave as non-linear loads. And they draw non-sinusoidal and
or lagging/leading current from the supply resulting to poor displacement and distortion factors.
Hence these power converters draw considerable reactive volt-amperes from the utility and inject
harmonics in distribution networks. The harmonic current from these power converters flows
through the line and source impedance of the power system can cause voltage distortion (harmonic
voltage) and excessive voltage drop and line losses. The controller design involves the integration of
various control techniques and algorithms to achieve optimal compensation performance. These
techniques include voltage control, current control, power balance control, and coordination
between the series voltage compensator (SVC) and the shunt current compensator (SCC) within the
UPQC system. The goal is to ensure efficient operation and precise compensation, thereby enhancing
the power quality at the point of common coupling (PCC).

OPERATION OF BASIC UPQC

UPQC has two voltage-source inverters of three-phase three-wire configuration connected back to
back through same DC link capacitor . Source side inverter, called the series inverter is connected
through coupling transformers between the point of common connection and load.The control
system has three major elements, which are a positive sequence detector, a shunt inverter control,
and a series inverter control

 SHUNT INVERTER CONTROL

The functions of the shunt inverter are to compensate the current harmonics, the reactive power,
and to regulate the DC link capacitor voltage. Shunt control calculates the reference value of the
compensating current for the harmonic current, the load reactive power, real power demand of
series inverter to compensate sag / swell in terms of DC link voltage regulation and considering the
power loss p loss due to the inverter operation . This loss should be compensated to maintain the dc
 link voltage constant. The instantaneous power is calculated using α−β components of positive
sequence voltage and load current iL.

 SERIES INVERTER CONTROL

The function of the series inverter is to compensate the voltage disturbance such as voltage
harmonics, sag/ swell on the source side, which is due to the fault and/or line drop because of
over load in the distribution line. The series inverter control calculates the reference voltage to
be injected by the series inverter, comparing the positive-sequence component (Vabc,) with the
disturbed source voltage (Vsabc). where k=(Vrms/sqrt(3))∗sqrt(2) and G=desired maximum
phase voltage value.

Comparison Metrics
S.No Name of the Topology No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of No. of Total No. of Reference
Shunt Inductors Capacitors Diodes Sources Transformers Components
and
serial
inverter
UPQC with SMES
1 18 8 6 6 3 3 44 [2]
Modular multilevel converter on UPQC
2 3 4 3 4 3 2 19 [3]
3 UPQC for dynamic restoration 4 1 3 2 2 1 13 [4]
4 UPQC for power quality and energy 3 4 1 2 2 0 12 [5]
efficiency
5 Meshed Hybrid Microgrid control of UPQC 1 1 5 5 2 2 16 [6]
6 Power flow control of UPQC 7 2 3 2 2 1 13 [7]
Power Quality Mitigation
7 2 2 5 5 2 0 16 [8]
Three-phase UPQC for power quality
8 1 2 4 5 2 0 14 [9]
UPQC with voltage SAG/SWELL
9 2 4 6 1 2 1 16 [10]
UPQC with and without storage units
10 1 2 1 4 4 0 12 [11]
Seires filter with UPQC
11 5 2 1 2 2 0 12 [12]
UPQC using P_Q theory
12 1 2 2 1 2 0 8 [13]
 UPQC with distributed generation
13 2 3 5 2 3 4 19 [14]
NPC multilevel inverter based UPQC
14 1 4 3 2 2 5 17 [15]
Modelling of nonlinear adaptor filter
15 2 1 5 2 2 4 16 [16]
UPQC with photovoltaic arrays
16 4 3 6 12 2 4 31 [17]
Single phase UPQC
17 2 2 3 3 4 2 16 [18]
3-phase 4-wire UPQC
18 1 4 2 2 5 6 20 [19]
UPQC with FLC
19 2 1 4 2 1 6 16 [20]
Energy with UPQC
20 1 2 4 3 3 2 15 [21]
Adaptive filter control for UPQC
21 2 1 1 4 4 0 12 [22]
Active filters within UPQC
22 2 1 1 4 5 6 16 [23]
UPQC with VA rating
23 1 2 0 4 3 2 12 [24]
Distribution system with UPQC
24 3 1 2 2 2 2 12 [25]
UPQC with current source inverter
25 4 5 2 1 1 2 13 [26]
UPQC with grid
26 2 1 4 0 0 2 8 [27]
UPQC using fractional order
27 4 2 2 1 1 1 11 [28]
UPQC as power flow control
28 1 2 1 1 1 1 7 [29]
Five legs UPQC
29 2 1 2 2 3 6 15 [30]
Hybrid UPQC
30 4 1 1 1 1 5 13 [31]
UPQC with SMES
31 1 2 6 4 4 0 17 [32]
SOGI based UPQC
32 2 0 2 1 1 0 6 [33]
UPQC for load sharing
33 2 2 2 1 1 5 12 [34]
UPQC with model predictive
34 1 4 4 2 0 0 11 [35]
Fuzzy based UPQc
35 2 1 5 3 2 1 13 [36]
UPQC for flicker
36 4 5 2 2 1 0 14 [37]
Steady state analysis
37 2 4 1 1 1 1 10 [38]
MC-UPQC
38 1 3 2 2 0 0 8 [39]
Voltage quality using UPQC
39 4 1 1 4 5 5 20 [40]
One-cycle using UPQC
40 2 2 4 3 2 1 13 [41]
Fed UPQC
41 4 2 1 2 4 2 15 [42]
UPQC for load bus
42 3 1 1 2 2 5 14 [43]
Fault for UPQC
43 2 4 1 2 2 0 11 [44]
FO-PI for UPQC
44 2 2 4 4 5 2 19 [45]
APF in UPQC
45 1 4 4 3 3 2 17 [46]
UQPC for dynamic voltage and fault
46 1 3 4 2 2 0 12 [47]
UPQC with arrays
47 2 2 3 2 2 2 13 [48]
Dynamic voiltage for UPQC
48 7 4 2 2 1 2 16 [49]
UPQC with P-Q
49 7 2 1 2 3 2 17 [50]
Radial network for UPQC
50 2 1 2 1 0 0 5 [51]
 Comparison Metrics
S.No Name of the Topology Voltage Voltage Switching Ripple Output Efficiency Duty cycle Reference
gain stress frequency current quality

UPQC with SMES

1 18 8 6 6 3 3 44 [2]
Modular multilevel converter on UPQC
2 3 4 3 4 3 2 19 [3]
3 UPQC for dynamic restoration 4 1 3 2 2 1 13 [4]
4 UPQC for power quality and energy 3 4 1 2 2 0 12 [5]
efficiency
5 Meshed Hybrid Microgrid control of UPQC 1 1 5 5 2 2 16 [6]
6 Power flow control of UPQC 7 2 3 2 2 1 13 [7]
Power Quality Mitigation
7 2 2 5 5 2 0 16 [8]
Three-phase UPQC for power quality
8 1 2 4 5 2 0 14 [9]
UPQC with voltage SAG/SWELL
9 2 4 6 1 2 1 16 [10]
UPQC with and without storage units
10 1 2 1 4 4 0 12 [11]
Seires filter with UPQC
11 5 2 1 2 2 0 12 [12]
UPQC using P_Q theory
12 1 2 2 1 2 0 8 [13]
UPQC with distributed generation
13 2 3 5 2 3 4 19 [14]
NPC multilevel inverter based UPQC
14 1 4 3 2 2 5 17 [15]
Modelling of nonlinear adaptor filter
15 2 1 5 2 2 4 16 [16]
UPQC with photovoltaic arrays
16 4 3 6 12 2 4 31 [17]
Single phase UPQC
17 2 2 3 3 4 2 16 [18]
3-phase 4-wire UPQC
18 1 4 2 2 5 6 20 [19]
UPQC with FLC
19 2 1 4 2 1 6 16 [20]
Energy with UPQC
20 1 2 4 3 3 2 15 [21]
Adaptive filter control for UPQC
21 2 1 1 4 4 0 12 [22]
Active filters within UPQC
22 2 1 1 4 5 6 16 [23]
UPQC with VA rating
23 1 2 0 4 3 2 12 [24]
Distribution system with UPQC
24 3 1 2 2 2 2 12 [25]
UPQC with current source inverter
25 4 5 2 1 1 2 13 [26]
UPQC with grid
26 2 1 4 0 0 2 8 [27]
UPQC using fractional order
27 4 2 2 1 1 1 11 [28]
UPQC as power flow control
28 1 2 1 1 1 1 7 [29]
Five legs UPQC
29 2 1 2 2 3 6 15 [30]
Hybrid UPQC
30 4 1 1 1 1 5 13 [31]
UPQC with SMES
31 1 2 6 4 4 0 17 [32]
SOGI based UPQC
32 2 0 2 1 1 0 6 [33]
UPQC for load sharing
33 2 2 2 1 1 5 12 [34]
UPQC with model predictive
34 1 4 4 2 0 0 11 [35]
Fuzzy based UPQc
35 2 1 5 3 2 1 13 [36]
 UPQC for flicker
36 4 5 2 2 1 0 14 [37]
Steady state analysis
37 2 4 1 1 1 1 10 [38]
MC-UPQC
38 1 3 2 2 0 0 8 [39]
Voltage quality using UPQC
39 4 1 1 4 5 5 20 [40]
One-cycle using UPQC
40 2 2 4 3 2 1 13 [41]
Fed UPQC
41 4 2 1 2 4 2 15 [42]
UPQC for load bus
42 3 1 1 2 2 5 14 [43]
Fault for UPQC
43 2 4 1 2 2 0 11 [44]
FO-PI for UPQC
44 2 2 4 4 5 2 19 [45]
APF in UPQC
45 1 4 4 3 3 2 17 [46]
UQPC for dynamic voltage and fault
46 1 3 4 2 2 0 12 [47]
UPQC with arrays
47 2 2 3 2 2 2 13 [48]
Dynamic voiltage for UPQC
48 7 4 2 2 1 2 16 [49]
UPQC with P-Q
49 7 2 1 2 3 2 17 [50]
Radial network for UPQC
50 2 1 2 1 0 0 5 [51]

Order of Superiority Based on Total Number Order of Superiority Based on Total Gain Order of Superiority Based on Switching
of Components Produced Frequency Used
Total No. of Voltage Gain Switching
Components Used References Produced References Frequency (kHz) References
8 [59] 31.78 [46] 10 [21], [28], [36], [37], [38]
[11], [23], [27], [29], [33],
10 [13], [21], [26], [76], [81] 26.6 [34] 20 [39], [42], [43], [77]
[27], [31], [36], [40], [54],
11 [58], [64], [69] 25 [20], [50] 24 [80]
[12], [37], [38]. [56], [63],
12 [80] 20 [16], [19], [53] 25 [20], [32]
[15], [24], [28], [33], [45],
13 [61], [70], [73] 19-20 [47], [51] 30 [79]
[11], [17], [19], [22], [23],
[16], [19]. [41], [48], [54],
14 [34], [35]. [49], [51], [57], 18-19 [69], [14] 40
[67], [71], [72], [78] [59], [75]
15 [29], [30], [53], [62], [79] 16-17 [58], [49], [72] 46 [51]
[14], [16], [18], [39], [41],
16 [42], [43], [44]. [46], [48], 15-16 [63], [62], [67] 48 [60]
[74]
[15], [17], [18], [24], [34], [35],
[45], [46], [55], [56], [58], [63],
17 [55], [65] 12-13 [60], [59] 50
[64], [67], [68], [69], [71], [73],
[74], [76], [78]
18 [32], [68], [75] 11-12 [17], [55], [79] 60 [57], [62]
[22], [29], [26], [30], [33], [52],
19 [60] 10-11 [54], [57], [64], [70], [74], [76], [80] 90 [22]
[13][28],[37],[11], [61], [65], [66], [12], [13], [14], [16], [47],
20 [47], [66] 8-10 [68], [75], [77], [78] 100 [52], [61], [66], [72], [81]
22 [50], [52] 6-7 [35], [45], [71] 105 [65]
5-6 [39], [38], [31], [40], [27], [42],
31 [20] [43], [48] 118 [50]
36 [77] 4-5 [32], [15], [23], [36], [41], [56], [73] 150 [26], [40]
2-3 [12], [21], [81] 200 [70]
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IEEE IAS Global Conference on Renewable Energy and Hydrogen Technologies
(GlobConHT) The Maldives National University, Male City (Maldives). Mar 11-12, 2023

[49] Dynamic Voltage Control Using Unified Power Quality Conditioner with Storage
2021 IEEE 15th International Conference on Compatibility, Power Electronics and Power
Engineering (CPE-POWERENG) | 978-1-7281-8071-7/21/$31.00 ©2021 IEEE | DOI:
10.1109/CPE-POWERE

[50] Steady-State Model for Open Unified Power Quality Conditioner for Power Quality
and Energy Efficiency Improvement of Radial Distribution Networks