Lino 16 Heyeditunnand Variatian

EXPrCiSe

Complete the following SenteneSbyihoosing

ineQppropLaTe mOLdS from ihe brntKPIS-

iansiorred from parents

Hereditaru chaxautersa
pingbyaene ne they_a Sqid
offs
s1rutLraL and funtional nifs ot
to be
heredity
Lose Xunsham iminar
2Oxg.nnisms pYDdLLedhy
Vatiation
ihe in ihe nule1 of
nhith is
3The tomponent c o r k i e S t h e herpditaru
t h e i ells and aLlo d m0 Somes
Chro mosa M Ps
rocteris tirS 1S
cho
mainlymadeLp a fipnA
re
4 ) C h omoSo mp

5)Oqanisms produLed bu Sexua

pr0dUed hu show maioy

VgEigtion
ndihnyano

Q2)Ex
plain following

Mend pls monohrbrid and d dihibt

cA05S
the help 0tan anp
a)Explain

iih
ptogeny
 Mendel's expeximentof the Monohubrid Cro
Paxenta eneration Lp,)
he.notyp.ena 2 Iall Dnqf
n e00ty pP

firs fili al Tt
Lheneration (E
Phe notyLPe TdLI
SeLond
payentalge ne knti on LP 5e ting inE
phen0tup p TalL 1all
en.otyp pe hibn It
Tndt Tandt
Se rond filial mdle
emdte4metd
0 enevation_LE). 90mete TAt
CTall) Ta11)

t1qll) dwovf
 DATE

olain mendel's dinybrid rati ith h e heli

of 40 One YOSS

Mendelsexpekiment of Aihubtid croSs

Parenta eneratio n (P)

Rounded WIiDkledqreen
PhenoiLp e
Yellouw 5eeds 5Ppds

RAYY ry
enotyp
Lgmetes_ RY
itail

first RrYybl1atd
filial neneyatio n(EL
bivdudi
1 C h 0 U n d e d r Yellon
Se eds)
Phenoiype
)Selting inF
lenerafio n Lp Ronded ellOu
Pqvental
Yhenope oundedr

yellou Speds
5eeds

RrYy
hRrY
Le no1pp RY R RyY
k y Ry
cnmetes
bliii

S.pLo n d filia1
 Ry y Y
# e m a l e q | e

4a.meteRY
9 amete
R dRAY YRRYRrYYRerYy

RAY.y RR uRYYyRryy
RrYY RVYy YYYY

pistinguish betwpen_Mo nohybid and duhubridLYASS

MonohubYId (r0S5 Dihybrid (YOSS
Cro55inuo luing au CY05Sinuolving 1g
Singlepaiy of pair
Lontrastlng chara.cteysio.n`Yastin g nchqrActes
isralled monohubiid i9 ole ddihuhrid
EOSS
bE planis af monahybridla)Eplants of dihublid
plantsproduLe two tLSS ptodutetou
Hup oSDf gameteS Ay pes0f ganmete 5
3) Monohubrid Cr0SS has 3 Dih ybLld (YOS S has a
q phenotuplc ratio of pne notpi Ygtio at
3: inE9enerqtio n 3 n Egeneratidn
4)Is it tight to .1.01d living wiih porson
Guffennq frOm g.enetic disorder)
An51) Na,it1 s n.ot ightto Doidving uith
aperSon Sufferina. f1om 4enetic disoder
2) neneiiC diSorder5dYe trqnsmitted from
paxentsto offsprings only 40d the qre
.on ContagiouS 1 he do701 Spread from
eDpeis.an
D.n touQnothero1 1hroughirontat

3) Answe the f ollouwingq110stion5 a

A)what 15 meont by 'chyomosome Explain iistupes

AnS The siructureLniin the nule us 0f Lells that

(alled
Carrieslthe hertditgiu characteristit62 is
the chromosome
nuLleiqtids_and
2)1t 15 made up mqinly of
pYoteinS
ndingup 0n dhe pasitionz0f the (entYom ere
3) 0ep.e
eie qrefolr tpes o.chto mosomes
th

4Ym

Lentiomere

Metqcentyic Sub metatentric

 i hin

ALYOCentric
TelocentYIC
1d i 2 0 i
alMetacentrint The centromere 1s exautly ai tr
Midpoin of this ch om0Somoand thereFare
i tlo0 KS 11Keth e Fnqlis h lette V1he arr
of this Chromasome qre equal inlength
b 5uh metarentriThe cantromere is omewhehe
near the hndd f this chromos.ome whilh
therpfore lookS ikeithe Fnglish i letter '
One Qrnm i5 Slighily Shoutek ihan the bthe

A crorentric:Ihe Lentromere is near One end0F

this Chromasoma2uhich there fore nooks like
the english aleite r jn0.neiaumis 51lightlu mu
SmaLe Y thanthe 01hoy

dl1elotontiic Th e (entromero ibAiqht at the

end af ihis h iomosomp mqking the chromoso
La0k like the English 1ertey j1This
thrombSome (0nSis1s 0 Only_On atm
 t h e S i r u c d u
re
02)Destrib e
Ly
to3)hP,huapine
Ans
lh
Adenine umin4

AlI

0 34n

-20m DNAi

I n 452, wat5on and (ritk pYOposPd 4 mod

af the 0n Amateu e
2) As p0r her mod e tuWO_par41te t nrea ds
Qe oile d YO1Ndd eath0the fo form a
do b.lehole X_5irutture ThisSiructu veCan
be 0mpared with a oiled DdFle Xih1eladde
9uhstrond of0 NA i made up ot many-
mole ulesaaik nown aSnude otidP
5In.g
0famoietu
E0N nuCledtideliisma deup ned
phoFic aid jo
baseqndphos
Difnit r0g on
moletule 0f Sug dr
 ne ocgre fourup eg
Ee
3of sniita.gen.nS D45
4u0nino utosine11 inyfnin e
Aeni0 and Lg1124pUYiDe
91ieCy10Sine ,.d thunih e a 0ll.e.g45
pyrimidines
C)ExprPS5 0ur 0pinio.n gbout fhe use0t_DNA
fing.orpinting
A 05 A fingerprinting i5 thetechniquein whith iht
p-r5 0n SPquenLe ofthe in the2DA
of p PYSDnip the genomeof the 0erson
15 identified
2) This tethaique i5 DSPful to 1dentity he lineus
Qn6 toidentify rimings berausoif 1s 12thniu
and is uniqup to 0uPrypehsun-
3)LE1S a150 Usefuls idk0tiEypaiernity and
matonity benefi15 qnddisputes
4) D. A fingerprinting is als uSeful n Fa rensi
S.enie

dExplain ihe SirurtureyfunLtionS a0datypes adf

ANAitin

Ans Ribonuuleicatidi LRiA is on impartgnt

nacieic oid f tho(ellbiuno
2).ANnis made uplofribose sugaphosph at
mbleLulesqndtauytypes ofnifrogeno01US bases
gdenineguanineuty1osi.neaand ukacil:
 LeS Malles unit of the hain
3) Ihe nucleoiide S foYmedb the
moleLule
of the RNA 1g0rph0Sp hate
mbingtion o1 0Lib05e 6
La L0iOg.eno S bds05
neDtL 1he
mole Luleand 10
nUmbe1S0t hueotides ae bonde d
1s4)Large calP 0f RNA
01mmacromale
Hogetherto 2
pPrioYmsihe functlon of pro teinL
5)BA
hLain
l Sy nih esis
LOdingto tuntion, there re fod ee typPs
)
is the tomponent
RibosSo ma RNA LYRN A): H 0meRibos
a omes gr
o fLelLo tdrorAgnelle_ribDs
function0fproteun SuntheSiS
petorming the
Ifcqirie3th eintorma
b) Messe Nger RNA LmRAA)If
enes i e 80 A
for protein unth esis from g
ell0rboSomesDD
SPgment in th e
Tronsfer n (TRNA IH ariesth PLgmi n q
e f th
p t h e ib0Somes l dS ppr the messag
mRNA

e why is if netessaryfor people to h qie thei

bloodOXA.mined befoe mgvraige

Ans l IEpeople haueheir blo od eXgmined before

fmarkqige thepartne ysni l l know dhoui
1h
Childlen
p0.55ibl 0enpti(odiS0 rd ers thqt their
erit: 50 theymad eid eto nof 10hE
e my got inh
ChildYenOY not to get muYtied
riage 4 lGoà0n
2600d testsbefoxem diseQSP in iZe
C0.n t0ibUs
LO Che Lk for gny protect partnes
the
uwill
p4n er5 [his help to
4 nte ie in
Shoyt nofe
5hoyt hofe on eqUh
0D0wnSndrompi
1ns own SundkomeLisilthe isoYdAi0riS1ng
ue tonchromosbmalanQb narmalTy
2 DisoYde IS Cha ncterizedby therpyeSenc
0f 4 (hom0 S50mesI IS PSrTbed a5 fhe
tris0mu0f th 215t paivD
3]In fan1s with this di5.0 kdeIs haveo ne ektra
th Yomosom e i t h thie 215tep4itin e Very
Lell f the bodu Ih ey haue4 ChYomosam es
ans1e ud of 4
4)Chi ldeh 5uffeing fvom Dan 5un drDme are
usually mentaly Pe tdir ded dnd hque: 4
90e220M
shoyt lifes p an

bMon 0genic9disord ers 0 0 1 m

AnslhMjiintions g.uring due ta mutation inqny

Snglean
P i0i04 dfectiue 0 YO Lqlled
Monog pnic dis0Lders-
) Appy0ximately 4000 diSoYderS of this fyp e qre
D
B\D ue t0 0bnotmal oneStheYp rad ults are
pithey 0 t produled or_p10duOd in an rnsuffi1
qluanilty
4I (QSP4abn0Imal meta bolisp nd may 1ead
todpqth n4t ttn &e age
5EXampligiaren tlut chinsas diseqseLay- Salhs
G15eqsP galaCfOs4em[ phe nulk etonurla
s itkle Lell 1an 4LmiatyctiCfibrO150ight
liodn.S dLbinismp Rt
 Qn.a.em1qisg.m.p.toms Qnd redtmen t
itkIR Lel
Ans16i kle- e I Andemi0 an hevedlfary diSeqie
dupto muta tion iD Single qene1is
inahotCau s d
manogenidiS 0Yd er
haemoglobi nhas g lutamicdd a s
a) Normal QCIdiFitisiep.laed by Walin
the bth 1dmino
hdemoglobin
4 h e n t h e 1 U t U Y e 0 f fhe
h L
Chantge S
YOLL P SCKB[6wnich aYea0 rm d
3)DueTO 1 i h m esI 1S CQ|(d a
Sidkle 5 hqp e dit ihP b00
Sickle( d nu emid9
1oms dre 5welhg o f e q sdNdhan ds
4 Stmp
feque nt cold n d Co ug hiO nstqt
1010 gtdde
Dy Pr P4leP4L L0wha e mug lo bin 10uft
take q _
G p e 1500 50ffeinq from1t 5h0Ud
tabfe to0/ifo li qeld d quy

Q5Mateh fh0followi ng 2i

nS
i Le beruhe1PditayyMiFo choindnal hfgdi5oðA0
Dptil nugropathydi50rdeY:9aINSes duning 2yaale
h eae d yelopment
Dig-heteS PolygeniinEAfed on blo0d
disotd eY lucose Le ve
The
ALbinism Manog enic Pa1e 5 Kin whife
disovder hgts

women are sferile

Lurne r Sy ndYome44 tX sterile
Men a Ye
KnefO11er Sund10p 44 t XY
iling the blankshuse dn ongiuen yelationship
hi
a 44: Tuner SUndfamen 44 XXYklinefoltey
SyndYome

5 3 MonohybYid 33:12
Dihyhrid

omen en Uinoy 5yndrome Men:RLinefe lfoy

Sy ndom.e-

Q1 omplete the tee diaram

Hereditany dis0rdes i 9

(hYom0S0mal lo nagenici Mitotho ndvial Polygen

ab normalhHes disoy 0 dis ease disorder
Dow n Synd rome LHuthinsan'kdiseasel1Lebey i 1left
Iurnpy 5y.ndrome 1ay-Suuhs di62a5eheved itdy 11P ana
Klinefeley 5y.ndrome3)9.alq.cfo5a emia 0pt[G dlef
4)phengLkehh niuvianuerapu k4 pal4te
D9b G)siCkle Lell anaem41 2) bl00

DOLi 0binjs m-nl 3)t6nstic

yo )ha emophil10 Stoma Lh
9) night blindnesS sping
Bifid
Siabete
sashhan
DE Dbestty