SPERM DETECTION AND TRACKING IN PHASE-CONTRAST MICROSCOPY

IMAGE SEQUENCES USING DEEP LEARNING AND MODIFIED CSR-DCF

NAME : SANTHOSH NAIK GUGULOTHU

ROLL NO: BT20ECE044

BRANCH : ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

ABSTRACT :
Sperm detection and tracking are essential tasks in various biomedical applications such
as infertility diagnosis, assisted reproductive technology, and genetic studies. In this
paper, we propose a novel approach for sperm detection and tracking in phase-contrast
microscopy image sequences, leveraging deep learning and a modified version of the
Continuous Sparse Representation-Data-Driven Convolutional Filter (CSR-DCF)
algorithm. Phase-contrast microscopy is commonly used in reproductive biology due to
its ability to enhance the contrast of transparent samples, making it suitable for
visualizing sperm cells.
The proposed method consists of two main stages: sperm detection and tracking. In the
detection stage, we employ a deep learning architecture, such as a convolutional neural
network (CNN), to automatically identify sperm cells in phase-contrast microscopy
images. The CNN is trained on a large dataset of annotated sperm images to learn
discriminative features for accurate detection.
In the tracking stage, we utilize a modified CSR-DCF algorithm to track sperm cells
across consecutive frames of the image sequence. The CSR-DCF algorithm efficiently
handles occlusions, abrupt motion, and changes in sperm morphology by maintaining a
sparse representation of the target object and updating the filter coefficients using a
data-driven approach.
The proposed approach is evaluated on a diverse dataset of phase-contrast microscopy
image sequences containing sperm cells with varying motility patterns and densities.
Quantitative metrics such as detection accuracy, tracking precision, and computational
efficiency are used to assess the performance of the proposed method compared to
state-of-the-art techniques.
Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves high accuracy in
sperm detection and robustness in tracking, even under challenging conditions such as
low contrast, overlapping sperm cells, and noisy backgrounds. The combination of deep
learning for detection and modified CSR-DCF for tracking provides a promising
framework for automated sperm analysis in biomedical research and clinical settings.
THEORY :
Detecting and tracking sperm in phase-contrast microscopy image sequences is a
complex yet fascinating task with significant implications in various fields like fertility
research and assisted reproductive technologies. The process involves leveraging deep
learning techniques along with modified CSR-DCF (Correlation Filter with Scale-Rotation
Invariance and Discriminative Correlation Filter) theory for robust and accurate
detection and tracking.
Here's a high-level overview of how this can be approached:
Data Collection and Preprocessing: Gather a large dataset of phase-contrast microscopy
image sequences containing sperm cells. Preprocess the images to enhance contrast,
remove noise, and standardize image sizes if necessary.
Deep Learning for Detection: Utilize deep learning architectures such as convolutional
neural networks (CNNs) to train a model for sperm detection. You can use architectures
like YOLO (You Only Look Once), SSD (Single Shot Multibox Detector), or Faster R-CNN
(Region-based Convolutional Neural Networks) for this purpose. Annotated datasets will
be crucial for training the detection model.
Fine-tuning and Optimization: Fine-tune the pre-trained deep learning model on your
specific dataset to adapt it for sperm detection in phase-contrast microscopy images.
This step helps improve the model's accuracy and robustness.
Tracking with Modified CSR-DCF Theory: Implement modified CSR-DCF theory for
tracking the detected sperm cells across image sequences. CSR-DCF provides a robust
framework for object tracking by continuously updating a correlation filter based on the
target appearance. Modifications can be made to incorporate scale and rotation
invariance and optimize the correlation filter for sperm tracking.
Integration and Evaluation: Integrate the detection and tracking components into a
cohesive pipeline. Evaluate the performance of the system using metrics such as
detection accuracy, tracking precision, and computational efficiency. Iteratively refine
the system based on evaluation results.
Deployment and Further Refinement: Deploy the sperm detection and tracking system
for practical use in research or clinical settings. Collect feedback from users and
continue refining the system to improve its performance and address any limitations
encountered in real-world scenarios.
By combining deep learning for detection and modified CSR-DCF theory for tracking, you
can develop a robust and efficient solution for sperm detection and tracking in phase -
contrast microscopy image sequences. This approach has the potential to significant ly
advance research in reproductive biology and clinical applications related to fertility
assessment and treatment.
GIOGRAPHICAL ABSTRACT :

Here’s a high-level overview of how you could approach this task using deep learning
techniques and a modified CSR-DCF (Discriminative Correlation Filter with Channel and
Spatial Reliability) method:

Data Collection and Preprocessing:

Obtaining a dataset of phase-contrast microscopy image sequences containing sperm
cells.
sample data
https://github.com/mr7495/Sperm_detection_and_tracking/blob/master/annotation_s
ample.csv
Spliting the dataset into training, validation, and test sets.
The modified CSR-DCF is a multi target tracker that uses CSR-DCF tracker as its core and
works with both of tracking algorithms and the detected objects of the video frames.
https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1EX-5Y-32lsiFyqVNKaL-
v22EONPE6y5a?usp=sharing
this code given below is used for improving motile objects detection on RetinaNet
https://github.com/mr7495/RetinaNet_Motile_objects_Detection.git

Model Development:
Incorporate modifications to the CSR-DCF algorithm to adapt it for sperm tracking. This
might involve enhancing its ability to handle phase-contrast images and track objects
with complex motion patterns.
Implement the model using a deep learning framework like TensorFlow or PyTorch.

Training:

Designing a deep learning architecture suitable for sperm detection and tracking in
image sequences. consider using convolutional neural networks (CNNs).
https://colab.research.google.com/drive/1zp0CNcr6dFQtycUJG_dbpkHDTc9tf066

Trainng the deep learning model using the training set of image sequences.
Fine-tune the model parameters to optimize performance for sperm detection and
tracking.
Validating the model's performance using the validation set, adjusting hyperparameters
as needed.
Evaluation:
Evaluate the trained model on the test set to assess its performance in detecting and
tracking sperm cells.
Measuring the tracking accuracy.
Compare the results with existing methods or manual annotations to validate the
effectiveness of the proposed approach.
Integrate the model into a software application or workflow for automated sperm
detection and tracking in microscopy image sequences.
Tracked sperms:

Provide documentation and support for users to ensure smooth integration and usage.
As for the code implementation, it would require expertise in deep learning, computer
vision, and possibly image processing. You can find resources and tutorials online for
implementing deep learning models for object detection and tracking, as well as for
modifying existing algorithms like CSR-DCF. Libraries such as TensorFlow, PyTorch, and
OpenCV would be instrumental in implementing the solution.