Dr.

BABASAHEB AMBEDKAR TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY,

LONERE (M.S.)

Mini project-II Report on

“SOLAR DC WATER PUMP”

Submitted by
CHETAN MAGRE [2221261293518]
KRUSHNA MOTINGE [2221261293522]
BHUSHAN SHELKE [2221261293546]

Under the Guidance of

PROF.A.H.KARDILE

In partial fulfillment of the award of

Bachelor of Technology (Electrical Engineering)

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING

MARATHWADA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
AURANGABAD (M.S.)
[2022-23]
 CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Mini project report entitled “SOLAR DC WATER PUMP”, submitted
by CHETAN MAGRE, KRUSHNA MOTINGE, BHUSHAN SHELKE

is the bonafied work completed under my supervision and guidance in partial fulfillment for the
award of Bachelor of Technology (Electrical Engineering) of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar
Technological University, Lonere (M.S.).

Place: Aurangabad
Date:

Dr. Mrs. S. M. Badave PROF.A.H.KARDILE

Head Project Guide
Electrical Engineering Department Electrical Engineering Department

Dr. S. P. Bhosle
Director
Marathwada Institute of Technology Aurangabad
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Apart from the efforts of me, the success of this project depends largely on the encouragement and
guidelines of many others. I take this opportunity to express my gratitude to the people who have
been instrumental in the successful completion of this project.

I am highly indebted to PROF.A.H.KARDILE , for her guidance and constant support. I can’t
thank enough for her tremendous support and help. I feel motivated and encouraged every time I
attended his meeting. Without her encouragement and guidance this project would not have
materialized.

I take this opportunity to convey our sincere thanks to Dr. S. M. Badave, Head of Electrical
Engineering Department, for providing guidance and whole hearted cooperation.

I am thankful to Dr. S. P. Bhosle, Director, Marathwada Institute of Technology, Aurangabad for

his encouraging attitude.

Finally, yet importantly, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to my beloved parents for their
blessings, and my all friends and all others for their help, backing and good wishes.

Finally, I would like to thank everybody who was important to the successful realization of project
report, as well as expressing my apology that I could not mention personally one by one.

CHETAN MAGRE
KRUSHNA MOTINGE
BHUSHAN SHELKE
 ABSTRACT

Start your report with a brief abstract that describes in a few sentences where you have done your
project, what you have done, and what you have learned. The abstract description should include
the achievements and results, and the learning experience gained during the project.

The best report abstracts do these things, typically in this order:

 Briefly summarize the purpose of the report;
 Summarize the specific nature of your project work;
 Point the reader towards the conclusions of the report, which might in this case be your
evaluation of the experience.
Sentences should be kept short but detailed. You could use the pronoun "I" to refer to yourself in
the abstract, but in general a straightforward and objective tone should be maintained.
 CONTENTS

Acknowledgement iii
Abstract 4
List of Figures 5

1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Object 2
1.3 Proposed System 3
2. LITERATURE SURVEY 5
2.1 Literature Survey 4

3. SYSTEM MODELING 7

3.1 System Modelling 9

3.2 Dispensing System 10
4. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS 11
4.1 Performance of System 11

5. CONCLUSION 12
5.1 Conclusions 12

References
Appendix
List of Figures

Figure Illustration Page

1.1 Block diagram of 4
2.1 Circuit diagram of 7
2.2 Schematic diagram of 4
 1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 Introduction

Hygiene is an important aspect to remain healthy. There are various aspects of hygiene. A clean
hand is one of them. Hands generally are touched at various surfaces and can be exposed to direct
contamination. Cleaning hands at regular interval is recommended by various health organizations
including WHO. Hand hygiene is now regarded as one ofthe most important element of infection
control activities. In the wake of the growing burden of health care associated infections (HCAIs),
the increasing severity of illness and complexity of treatment, superimposed by multi-drug
resistant (MDR) pathogen infections, health care practitioners (HCPs) are reversing back to the
basics of infection preventions by simple measures like hand hygiene. This is because enough
scientific evidence supports the observation that if properly implemented, hand hygiene alone can
significantly reduce the risk of cross-transmission of infection in healthcare facilities (HCFs)1–5.
Evidence suggests that hand sanitization significantly reduces the transmission of healthcare-
associated pathogens and the incidence of HCAI (healthcare associated infections).[6]. According
to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), hand hygiene encompasses the cleansing
of your hands using soap and water, antiseptic hand washes, alcohol-based hand sanitizers
(ABHS), or surgical hand antiseptics. These days, alcohol-based hand sanitizers are increasingly
being used instead of soap and water for hand hygiene in healthcare settings.
Poor or inadequate hand washing and/or hand hygiene is known to be problematic in hospital
settings, and is a major source of infections contracted while patients are admitted to a hospital.
While hand washing and hygiene policies and training are important and can be effective in
reducing the spread of infections, the problem of infections due to unsatisfactory hygiene of staff,
medical professionals, and even patients continues to be problematic. It is known to place hand
washing stations and hand sanitizer dispensers throughout medical facilities including in
examination rooms, hallways, lobbies, and even patient rooms. However, such systems are purely
mechanical and are incapable of providing an automated means of establishing accountability of
good hygienic practices.
 v 1ii

1.2 Objective

In the name of maintaining cleanliness and hygiene, all of us use to wash your hands may be twice
a day or use bottled sanitizer once in a while. Fast forward to 2020, and none of us can imagine life
without hand sanitizer.
Corona virus has shifted peoples priorities and ways of thinking, especially when it come to using
hand sanitizer. when an one hand, businesses have come to standstill due to inundated lock downs
and crowd scares, the market of hand sanitizer recived a big push by the huge demand from across
the country. Many players entered this big market to cater to every growing demand for hand
sanitize, however, this give way to on other product that has grown to become indispensable today.
Automatic hand sanitizer dispenser have become one of the most sought after product both for
commercial and residentila purpose. Here is a run down of the reasons that make for good case as to
way a compact automatic hand sanitizer diapenser is a most-have product to be installed in our
homeCorona virus taught us the value having a roof our hands, our homes where we not only it,
sleep, relax and spend time with our families, but the recent addition to this list Is work. Demand for
hand sanitizers has surged since the coronavirus broke out and spread around the world. Hand
sanitizers are usually applied by squirting the sanitizer liquid when one presses a pump with one’s
hand. This causes manypeople to come into contact with the pump handle, which increases the risk
of viral transmission. Some hand sanitizers onthe market are automatically pumped. However,
because sanitizer containers and pump devices are designed to be compatible only between products
produced by the same manufacturer, consumers must also repurchase the container for the liquid if
they replace the hand sanitizer.
 viii2

1.3 Proposed system

We have designed a sanitizer dispensing machine in a plastic cabinet as shown in figure 1. The
system consists of proximity sensor based on ultrasonic principle. The sensor used in the system is
SR04 to sense the hands are under the machine or not. The cabinet design was originally fabricated
for water RO system and has been modified for the purpose of sanitizer dispensing action. The
sanitizer storage section is on the front side upper region. Filters have been removed and the water
dispensing tap has also been removed. Mist nozzle has been added at the bottom side of the cabinet.
The pump is used to suck the sanitizer and pump it with a pressure to the nozzle. The solenoid valve
has of liquid sanitizer. Pipes and attachments helped to make it easy to fabricate.
Hardware & Software
Atmega-328 is an AVR family microcontroller with 28 pin DIP. It has 6 analogue inputs and 13
digital input/output pins. A high-performance Microchip power in pico watts 8- bit AVR RISCbased
microcontroller combines 32KB ISP flash memory with read- while-write capabilities. It has a
1024B EEPROM, 2KB SRAM, 23 general-purpose I/O lines, 32 general purpose working registers,
three flexible timer/counters with compare modes, internal and
external interrupts. It also has a serial programmable USART, a
byte-oriented 2-wire serial interface, SPI serial port, a 6-channel 10-bit A/D converter (8-
channels in TQFP and QFN/MLF packages), programmable watchdog timer with internal
oscillator, and five software selectable power saving modes. The device operates between
1.8-5.5 volts.

. HC-SR04 Specifications
• Working Voltage: DC 5V
• Working Current: 15mA
• Working Frequency: 40Hz

• Min Range: 2cm

• Measuring Angle: 15 degree

• Trigger Input Signal: 10µS TTL pulse

• Echo Output Signal Input TTL lever signal and the range in proportion
3ix

Figure 1.1. Timing diagram for ultrasonic sensor SR04 (datasheet)

You only need to supply a short 10uS pulse to the trigger input to start the ranging, and then the
module will send out an 8 cycle burst of ultrasound at 40 kHz and raise its echo. The Echo is a
distance object that is pulse width and the range in proportion .You can calculate the range through
the time interval between sending trigger signal and receiving echo signal. Formula: uS / 58 =
centimeters or uS / 148 =inch; or: the range = high level time * velocity (340M/S) / 2; we suggest
to use over 60ms measurement cycle, in order to prevent trigger signal to the echo signal. A booster
pump increases low water pressure and flow.
It provides the extra boost needed to bring your water pressure to the desired level. A water booster
pump provides pressure to move water from a storage tank or throughout a whole house or
commercial facility

Figure 1.2. Schematic of the sanitizer dispensing machine circuit.

x4
 2. LITERATURE SURVEY

2.1 Literature survey

At present, the whole world is going through a pandemic due to coronavirus disease COVID-19,
which was first spotted in December 2019 in Wuhan, China. Since this virus is highly contagious,
the World Health Organization (WHO) [1] has provided some guidelines to reduce its community
transmission in various ways. One of the mandatory recommended actions is to perform hand
washes/rub with soap/hand sanitizer in a frequent manner [1]. In principle, hand hygiene is now
recognized as one of the most crucial issues for infection prevention and control. In the wake of the
increasing severity of disease and treatment complexity, and a global pandemic superimposed by
multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogen infections, the healthcare professionals (HCPs) are now
returning to the basics of infection prevention by simple measures such as hand hygiene [2]. A
relevant study conducted by White et al. [3] has shown a decrease of 14.8–39.9disease symptoms
among residential students (university) due to a general improvement of hand hygiene behavior.
Alcohol-based hand sanitizer (ABHS) is a useful material against the spread of infectious viruses
in crowded areas such as clinics, workplaces,schools, etc. [2] It also helps to reduce the spread of
disease-causing germs and bacteria. Early comprehensive research on the effectiveness of
antiseptic hand rubs revealed that ABHS significantly reduces bacterial counts on hands [3].
Ehrenkranz et al. [4] reported that the ABHS is more effective in preventing the hand transfer of
Gram-negative bacteria than the bland soap hand wash. The hand sanitizer dispenser plays a
significant role to allow individuals to wash/rub their hands using ABHS while on the go. A study
by Fournier et al. [5] reported that the use of a strategically positioned hand sanitizer dispenser was
successful in raising hand hygiene activity from 1.52with pushbuttons, touchless, etc., are available
to dispense the liquid or gaseous sanitizing materials. In public places including hospitals, the use
of mechanical dispensers is found widespread. Since physical contact is mandatory for using
mechanical dispensers, they are vulnerable to pathogen infection. By performing a study on the
hospital- based mechanical hand sanitizer dispenser, Erief et al. [6] concluded that the infected
person may contaminate the dispenser which may trigger hospital-acquired infection. Automated
pushbutton hand sanitizer dispensers are usually deployed in healthcare facilities, but these devices
often have the possibility of being contaminated and become a center for pathogens [7]. Based on
5
some other earlier studies [6,7], it is clear that mechanical and electrical dispensers (having a
pushbutton) are 4vulnerable as these can be contaminated with pathogens that cause hand-
associated infections (HAI). Consequently, nowadays, automated touchless sanitizers are taking
place in healthcare facilities, especially in developed countries [8]. As this dispenser does not
require any human contact to operate, It can be very effective to stop the spread of infectious
diseases if used carefully. A sanitizer dispenser can be made touchless automatic in different ways
since various types of sensors can be used to sense the proximity [8]. Generally, ultrasound sensors
[9–15] and infrared sensors [16–20] are used to make a low-cost sanitizer dispenser, but they show
poor performances in public places where there is a lot of noise. Some dispensers are based on
infrared radiation (IR) sensors, but they show malfunctions especially on sunny days where sunlight
intensity varies because of clouds or reflection from the ground. However, such drawbacks can be
easily overcome by using a light-dependent resistor (LDR) or photoresistive light sensor.

6
 3. SYSTEM MODELING

3.1 System modeling

The Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on the ATmega328. It has 20 digital
input/output pins (of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs and 6 can be used as analog inputs), a
16 MHz resonator, a USB connection, a power jack, an in-circuit system programming (ICSP)
header, and a reset button. It contains everything needed to support the microcontroller; simply
connect it to a computer with a USB cable or power it with a AC-to-DC adapter or battery to get
started. The Uno differs from all preceding boards in that it does not use the FTDI USB-to-serial
driver chip. Instead, it features an ATmega16U2 programmed as a USB-to-serial converter. This
auxiliary microcontroller has its own USB bootloader, which allows advanced users to reprogram
it.

Figure 3.1:ArduinoUno.

7
8
• Potentiometer

A potentiometer is a three-terminal resistor with a sliding or rotating contact that form san adjustable
voltage divider . If only two terminals are used, one end and the wiper, it acts as a variable resistor
or rheostat. The measuring instrument called a potentiometer is essentially avoltage divider used for
measuring electric potential (voltage); the component is an implementation of the same principle,
hence its name. Potentiometers are commonly used to control electrical devices such as volume
controls on audio equipment. Potentiometers operated by a mechanism can be used as position
transducers, for example, in a joystick. Potentiometers are rarely used to directly control significant
power (more than a watt), since the power dissipated in the potentiometer would be comparableto the
power in the controlled load.

Figure 3.2 : 10K Potentiometer

 8
• MOTOR

A water pump is an essential tool to pump out water from the garden, pool, or under the ground.
It controls the speed of the water and is incredibly useful in conserving water.

Figure 3.3. MOTOR

• Connecting wire

Connecting wire allows an electrical current to travel from one point on a circuit to another because
electricity needs a medium through which to move.

• Bread board

A thin plastic board used to hold electronic components (transistors, resistors, chips, etc.)that are
wired together. Used to develop prototypes of electronic circuits, breadboards can be reusedfor future
jobs. They can be used to create one-of-a-kind systems but rarely become commercial products. The
breadboard contains spring clip contacts typically arranged in matrices with certain blocks of clips
already wired together. The components and jump wires (assorted wire lengths with pins at both
ends) are plugged into the clips to create the circuit patterns. The boards also typically include metal
strips along the side that are used for common power rails and signal buses.
 9
3.2 Dispensing System

A Dispensing System activates whenever an obstacle is found in its vicinity. This is achieved using
Infrared Obstacle Avoidance Sensor. A Relay is used as a switch and time delay unit which is
responsible for cut off of Sanitizer after a few seconds. This ensures consistent usage of Sanitizer
Avoidance sensor senses the user presence and triggers the dispenser using the Relay Module.
The amount of sanitizer dispensed is controlled in a programmatic way so that we don’t waste the
liquid. notify the user using an Indicator LED’s for both High and Low levels of Sanitizer in the
tank. Although the entire process stresses on automation with good accuracy and better results it
can be improved further by employing Internet of Things, Machine learning and Artificial
Intelligence to make it a advanced and precise system. Employing image processing technique
with data base, thereby creating a statistical evidence and overviewing those histories on a daily,
weekly or monthly basis helps us know the exact scenario. If these future works are carried out,
then the proposed idea will be more helpful to the society.
Here, we use an Ultrasonic distance sensor, Servo motor and Arduino board. here I am using
Arduino Uno. You can also use any other microcontroller. When we place our hand in front of the
distance sensor, it will help to the Arduino to measure the distance from the sensor to object (here
the hand). if the object in the desired range, Arduino will write the servo to 180. Servo motor is
mounded on the hand sanitizer bottle. And the trigger of bottle is connected to servo by a thread.
When servo motor rotate, the trigger will press.
 10

4. PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS

4.1 Performance analysis

This approach ensures that the single machine serves the purposes of sanitization, pulseoxygen
level and temperature measurement without any assistance, thereby the risk is avoided. The system
can be improved by adding smart electro magnetic lock which ensures only after sanitizing hands,
the person is allowed inside. The approach can be extended to help the people with poor eye sight
or blind people by installing a voice converter that converts the measured readings into voice
signals and through a speaker the alert message is received. Alternative power sources such as
solar can be installed to power up the system in case of the failure or cut off of the conventional
power source.

The sensors with more accuracy give much more improved results. The ultrasonic sensors which
is used as sanitizer level indicator can be sanitizer resistant, so that refilling sanitizers will not bea
concern. A camera module with image processing technique and a database can be created to
maintain the history of how many people went through the process in a firm or an industry, thereby
providing us the statistics which will help plan better. These are the areas of concern that should
be worked in to make this system an advanced one.

Figure 4.1: Working Model.

 11

5. CONCLUSIONS
5.1 Conclusions

Hand sanitizers usually operate by squirting sanitizer liquid when one presses a pump with one’s
hand. Some hand sanitizers on the market are automatically pumped. However , sanitizer
containers and pump devices are designed to be compatible only between products produced by
the same manufacturer. To address this problem, we have designed an automatic hand sanitizer
system that is compatible with various containers . With the proposed device, it is possible to avoid
many people coming into contact with the pump handle, thus preventing fomite viral transmission
and making the use of hand sanitizer much more convenient. Moreover, the system squirts a
certain amount of hand sanitizer at all times, making it easy to manage refills and replacement.
Furthermore, can operate compatibly with various designs of sanitizer containers, so consumers
do not need repurchase a container for the liquid if they replace the hand sanitizer. Thus, it is
economical and eco-friendly by decreasing waste.
Automatic hand sanitizer are priced less when compared to other hand sanitizing dispensers and
also it is environment friendly because, disposal of wastage is less alcohol based hand sanitizer are
more effective than soaps and easy to use and the goal of this project was to use current advanced
technologies to develop an automatic hand sanitizing machine to improve hygiene and prevent
viruses entering body.
 12

References

• World Health Organization. WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care. First Global
Patient Safety Challenge Clean Care Is Safer Care. World Alliance for Patient Safety; WHO:
Geneva, Switzerland, 2009.
• Pittet, D.; Allegranzi, B.; Boyce, J. World Health Organization world alliance for patient
safety first global patient safety challenge core group of experts. The World Health
Organization guidelines on hand hygiene in health care and their consensus recommendations.
Infect. Control Hosp. Epidemiol. 2009, 30, 611–62
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