Department of Mathematics ASSIGNMENT 1

Program B. Tech. (SoE All branches) Semester II

Course Engineering Mathematics II Course MATH 1051
Code
Session Jan-May 2024 Unit Ordinary Differential
Equations and
Complex Analysis-I

1. Let 𝑦(𝑥) be the solution of the ordinary differential equation:

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+ 2 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 0.
𝑑𝑥 2
Find lim 𝑦(𝑥) for the following choices of constant 𝐵.
𝑥→∞
(a) 0 < 𝐵 < 1
(b) 𝐵 > 1

2. Consider the second order ODE:

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
+ 𝐴 𝑑𝑥 + 𝐵𝑦 = 0. (𝐴 > 0, 𝐵 > 0)
𝑑𝑥 2

Find the condition for which the given ODE always admits two linearly independent
solutions that are products of exponential and trigonometric functions.

3. Suppose 𝑦1 (𝑥) be the known solution of the differential equation:

𝑑2 𝑦 𝑑𝑦
2
+ 𝑃(𝑥) + 𝑄(𝑥)𝑦 = 0.
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
Show that if 𝑦2 (𝑥) = 𝑣(𝑥)𝑦1 (𝑥) is the another linearly independent solution then
𝑒 − ∫ 𝑃 𝑑𝑥
𝑣(𝑥) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 .
𝑦12 (𝑥)

4. Consider the second order ODE:

𝑦 ′′ + 𝑃𝑦 ′ + 𝑄𝑦 = 0. ……………………….. (A)

where 𝑃 and 𝑄 are constants. The substitution of 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 in (A) yields the auxiliary
equation:
𝑚2 + 𝑃𝑚 + 𝑄 = 0.
The two roots of the above quadratic equation are given by
−𝑃±√𝑃 2 −4𝑄
𝑚= 2

For 𝑃2 − 4𝑄 = 0 , we obtain only one solution as 𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑚𝑥 with 𝑚 = −𝑃/2 . Prove that

the second linearly independent solution is given by 𝑥𝑒 −𝑃𝑥/2 .
[*Hint: Use result of Problem 3]
Department of Mathematics ASSIGNMENT 1

5. If 𝑦1 (𝑥) and 𝑦2 (𝑥) are two linearly independent solutions of the homogeneous equation:
𝑦 ′′ (𝑥) + 𝑃(𝑥)𝑦 ′ (𝑥) + 𝑄(𝑥)𝑦(𝑥) = 0.

𝑦1 (𝑥)𝑦2′′ (𝑥)−𝑦2 (𝑥)𝑦1′′ (𝑥)

then show that 𝑃(𝑥) = −
𝑊(𝑥)

𝑦1 ′ (𝑥)𝑦2′′ (𝑥)−𝑦2 ′ (𝑥)𝑦1′′ (𝑥)

and 𝑄(𝑥) =
𝑊(𝑥)

𝑦1 (𝑥) 𝑦2 (𝑥)
where 𝑊(𝑥) = | | is the Wronskian determinant.
𝑦1′ (𝑥) 𝑦2′ (𝑥)
6. For certain values of the constant 𝑛 the function 𝑔 defined by 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑛 is a solution
of Cauchy-Euler differential equation:
𝑥 3 𝑦 ′′′ (𝑥) + 2𝑥 2 𝑦 ′′ (𝑥) − 10𝑥𝑦 ′ (𝑥) − 8𝑦(𝑥) = 0 ; (𝑥 > 0)

Determine all such values of 𝑛.

𝑥3 𝑦3
7. Consider a complex-valued function 𝑓(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦) = ( 3 + 𝑥𝑦 2 ) + 𝑖 ( 3 + 𝑥 2 𝑦) on ℂ (set
of complex numbers).
(i) Is 𝑓 analytic at 𝑧 = 0?
(ii) Is 𝑓 analytic at 𝑧 = 𝑖?
Use Cauchy-Riemann equations to justify your answer.

8. Construct an example accompanied by a brief explanation that illustrates the following

fact: “If 𝑣 is a harmonic conjugate of 𝑢 in some domain 𝐷 then 𝑢 is, in general, not a
harmonic conjugate of 𝑣.”

9. Consider an analytic function 𝑓(𝑧) = 𝑢(𝑥, 𝑦) + 𝑖𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) such that 𝑣(𝑥, 𝑦) =

𝑘 (a constant) on ℂ. Use Cauchy-Riemann equations to show that 𝑓(𝑧) is constant on ℂ.

10. Suppose 𝑓(𝑧) is a function such that both 𝑓(𝑧) and 𝑓(𝑧) are analytic in domain 𝐷 then
prove that 𝑓(𝑧) is constant in 𝐷.