BioChip

The Bio Electronics Engineering

 OVERVIEW

01 INTRODUCTION 02 HISTORY

COMPONENTS OF WORKING OF
03 BIOCHIP 04 BIOCHIP

APPLICATIONS
05 06 ADVANTAGES
7 DISADVANTAGES 8 FUTURE

9 CONCLUSION 10 PRESENTED BY
 01
INTRODUCTION
 INTRODUCTION
 Collection of miniaturized test sites (microarrays) arranged on a
solid substrate.
 Permits many tests to be performed at the same time.
 Surface area is no longer than a fingernail.
 Perform thousands of biological reactions in a few seconds
 Used to analyze organic molecules associated with living
organisms.
 Help in identifying gene sequences, environmental pollutants,
airborne toxins, or other biochemical constituents.
 02
HISTORY
 HISTORY
• Developed in 1983 for monitoring fisheries.
• Large scale development of biochips in the 1990s.
• Today, a large variety of biochip technologies are either in
development or being commercialized.
• Invented in 4G generation & the development is still
continued.
• In 1980 Fred Sanger and Walter Gilbert were awarded
Nobel Prize for their pioneering DNA sequencing approach.
• In 1983, Kary Mullis was awarded Nobel Prize for his
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) which allowed to amplify
minute amounts of DNA to quantities.
• In 1986 , Leroy Hood gave Fluorescence based DNA
sequence which facilitated the automation of reading DNA
sequence.
 03
COMPONENTS
Biochip implant system consist of
two components :-
• Transponder
• Reader or scanner.
 TRANSPONDER
• Two types of transponder - passive or active.
• Communication between biochip and reader is
via low-frequency radio waves.
• Transponder consists of four parts:-
• Computer microchip
• Antenna coil
• Tuning capacitor
• Glass capsule
• Computer Microchip:- The microchip stores a
unique identification number from 10 to 15 digits
long.
• Antenna Coil:- This tiny, primitive, radio
antenna "receives and sends" signals from the
reader or scanner.
• Tuning Capacitor:- This capacitor is charged by
•
the small (1/1000 of a watt) signal sent by the
reader.
• Glass Capsule:- "houses" the microchip, antenna
coil and capacitor. It is made of biocompatible
material such as soda lime glass.
 READER OR SCANNER
• Consists of an "exciter" coil which
creates electromagnetic field.
• Provide energy to "activate" the
implanted biochip.

•
• Also carries a receiving coil to receive ID
number.
• Contains the software and components to
decode the receive code and display the
result in an LCD display
 WORKING
• •Reader transmits a low-power
radio signal and activates the
implanted biochip.
• ID number transmitted by the
•
transponder and received by the
reader.
• Reader displays the ID number on
the reader's LCD display.
 BIOCHIP IMPLANT
• Injected by a hypodermic syringe beneath the
skin.
• Injection is safe and simple.
• Anesthesia is not required
• Usually injected behind the
• neck• in dogs and cats.
 APPLICATIONS
• With a biochip tracing of a person/animal, anywhere in the world is
possible.
• A biochip can store and update financial, medical, demographic data,
basically everything about a person.
• A biochip leads to a secured E-commerce systems.
• Biochips are really potent in replacing
• passports, cash, medical records.
• Medicinal
•
implementation of biochips-as
glucose detector; as oxygen sensor; as
an blood pressure sensor.
 ADVANTAGES
• •To rescue the sick.
• To find the lost people.
• To identify person uniquely.
• In monitoring health condition of individuals in
which they are specially employed.
• They can perform thousands of biological
• reactions in a few seconds.
• Increase speed of diagnosis of unknown
pathogens.
• Ability to detect multiple viral
agents in parallel.
 DISADVANTAGES
• •They raise critical issues of personal privacy.
• They mark the end of human freedom and
dignity.
• There is a danger of turning every man,
women and child into a controlled slave.
•
• They can be implanted into ones body without
their knowledge.
 FUTURE
• A chip implanted somewhere in human bodies
might serve as a combination of credit card,
passport, driver's license, personal diary.
• No longer would it be needed to worry about
•
losing the credit cards while traveling.
• A chip inserted into human bodies might also
give us extra mental power.
 CONCLUSION
 Biochips are:-
 Fast
 Accurate
 Miniaturized
 Expected to become economically
• advantageous attributes that make them
analogous to computer chip.
 A Chip inserted somewhere into human
bodies might also give us extra mental
power.
 The day in which we have chips
embedded in our skins is not
too far from now.

 “THIS IS SCIENCE FICTION STUFF”

 PRESENTED BY :-
AMAN KUMAR (ROLLNO :- 2006009)
ANKIT TOPPO (ROLLNO :- 2006015)
AMAN KUMAR (ROLLNO :- 2006010)
MANMOHAN GAGRAI (ROLLNO:- 2006032)
ARYAN KUMAR (ROLLNO :- 2006016)