Angie Parra Leal

Unit 3 1
NOE’S NEIGHBOR
 Content

1. Regular nouns
2. Irregular nouns
3. There is and there are

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 Topic 1
Regular and irregular nouns – There is and
there are

Understanding regular and irregular nouns is important for being able to

create grammatically correct sentences, achieving fluency when talking with
Anglo-speakers about different types of nouns. Regular and irregular nouns
are used interchangeably in various contexts, and they have different rules
that we can learn in an interactive way.

We can use there is and there are in our daily conversation to point out the
quantity of the things, objects, or people that we want to mention in our
speech.

As well as in Spanish, when we are using there is or there are we need to

create concordance with the following noun mentioned after it. For example:
There are –referring to plural- a lot of cats- referring to plural again- in old
Egyptian’s hieroglyphs.

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 In English, nouns can be categorized into regular and irregular nouns
based on how they create their plural forms.

Regular Nouns:
They follow a consistent pattern when forming their plurals.
Typically, the plural is created by adding "-s" or "-es" to the singular
form.
• Examples:
Singular: Room, Plural: Rooms
Singular: Book, Plural: Books
Singular: Dog, Plural: Dogs
Singular: Chair, Plural: Chairs
Singular: House, Plural: Houses
Singular: Glass, Plural: Glasses
Singular: Pencil, Plural: Pencils

Rule:
1. For most nouns: Add -s to the singular form.
• Examples:
Computer → Computers
Book → Books
Drink → Drinks

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 2. For nouns ending in -s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, or -z: Add -es to the singular
form.
• Examples:
Glass →Glasses
Bus → Buses
Dish → Dishes
Box → Boxes
Quiz → Quizzes
Church → Churches

3. For nouns ending in a consonant + y: Change the -y to -ies.

• Examples:
Library → libraries
Baby → Babies
City → Cities
Society → Societies

4 For most nouns ending in a vowel + y: Add -s to the singular form.

• Examples:
Toy → Toys
Boy → Boys
Monkey → Monkeys
Key → Keys

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5. For nouns ending in -f or -fe: Change the -f or -fe to -ves.
• Examples:
Leaf → Leaves
Knife → Knives
life → lives
wife → wives
Calf → calves

6. For nouns ending in -o: Add -s, but if the noun ends in a vowel + -o, just
add -s.
• Examples:
Piano → Pianos
Photos → Photos

Nevertheless, there are some exceptions where -es is used

• Examples:
Potato → Potatoes (exception)
Hero → Heroes (exception)
Tomato → Tomatoes (exception)
Torpedo → torpedoes (exception)
• __________________________________________________________

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Irregular nouns
RULE:
Irregular nouns do not follow the standard pattern when forming plurals.
They may undergo changes in spelling, entirely different forms, or remain
unchanged.
Irregular nouns often have historical or linguistic reasons for their unique
plural forms, and they don't adhere to the regular "add -s or -es" rule.

• Examples:
Singular Plural
Man Men
Child Children
Tooth Teeth
Mouse Mice
Goose Geese
Cactus Cac�
Datum Data
Medium Media
Analysis Analyses
Criterion Criteria
Phenomenon Phenomena
Thesis Theses

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 Basis Bases
Bacterium Bacteria

There are some nouns in English that have the same form in both singular
and plural. These are known as "irregular plural nouns that are the same in
singular and plural."
• Examples:
Singular Plural

Deer Deer

Fish.
Note: Although
Fish "fishes" can be used
when referring to
multiple species)

Sheep Sheep

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Singular Plural

Moose Moose

Swine Swine

Series Series

Species Species

Trout Trout

Salmon Salmon

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It's important to note that while most nouns in English are regular, some
common nouns, especially those referring to people, animals, and certain
objects, are irregular. Therefore, when learning English, it's essential to
memorize the irregular plurals since they don't follow a predictable pattern.

There is and there are

There is and there are phrases that we use to indicate the existence or
presence of something. They are commonly used to introduce or point out
things, people, or objects. The choice between "there is" and "there are"
depends on whether you are talking about a singular or plural noun.

There is:
It is used when referring to a singular noun or an uncountable noun.
• Examples:
There is:
There is a deer in the forest.
There is a mouse in the kitchen.
There is a sheep in the pasture.
There is a moose in the woods.

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There are:
There are deer in the forest.
There are mice in the kitchen.
There are sheep in the pasture.
There are moose in the woods.

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