TITLE: REVERSE CAR PARKING SENSOR

SUBMITTED TO: REKHA CHAUDHARY

SUBMITTED BY: ABHAY RAJ M

ROLL NO: 69

REGISTRATION NO:12306046

SECTION: MA303

GROUP -2
 Alternate Assignment Report:
Arduino-based Rear Parking Sensor
System
Table of Contents
1. Executive Summary
2. Introduction
3. Objective and Scope
4. System Design and Components
5. Implementation Details
6. Experimental Setup
7. Results and Analysis
8. Discussion
9. Conclusion
10. Future Recommendations
Executive Summary
The Arduino-based rear parking sensor system is designed to assist drivers in parking
by detecting obstacles behind the vehicle and providing real-time feedback. This
report outlines the project's objectives, design, implementation, experimental
findings, and recommendations for future enhancements.
Introduction
A reverse car parking sensor using Arduino is a system designed to assist drivers when parking
in reverse by detecting obstacles behind the vehicle. The system utilizes an Arduino
microcontroller along with an ultrasonic distance sensor to measure the distance to objects.

Here's a brief overview of how the system works:

- An ultrasonic sensor is mounted at the rear of the vehicle, facing backward.

- The ultrasonic sensor emits sound waves and measures the time it takes for the waves to
bounce back after hitting an obstacle.

- Based on the measured time, the Arduino calculates the distance to the obstacle.

- If the distance is below a certain threshold (indicating proximity to an obstacle), the Arduino
triggers a feedback mechanism such as a buzzer or LED to alert the driver.

- The driver can then use the feedback to gauge the proximity to obstacles while reversing into a
parking space.

Overall, a reverse parking sensor using Arduino enhances safety and convenience by providing
real-time feedback to drivers, helping them avoid collisions and maneuver more effectively in
tight spaces. This project demonstrates the use of basic electronic components and
programming skills to create a practical automotive application using Arduino technology.
 PRIMARY OBJECTIVES

The primary objective of implementing a reverse car parking sensor using Arduino is to enhance
driver safety and convenience while parking in reverse. The specific goals include:

1. *Collision Avoidance:* The sensor system helps drivers avoid collisions with obstacles (such
as walls, poles, or other vehicles) that may be located behind the vehicle and not visible to the
driver while reversing.

2. *Improved Spatial Awareness:* By providing real-time distance measurements to obstacles,

the system helps drivers better understand their surroundings and judge distances accurately,
especially in tight or crowded parking spaces.

3. *Driver Assistance:* The system serves as a driver aid, providing audible or visual feedback to
alert the driver when the vehicle approaches too close to an obstacle, enabling safer and more
controlled parking maneuvers.

4. *Simplicity and Cost-Effectiveness:* Using readily available components like Arduino and
ultrasonic sensors, the system offers a simple and cost-effective solution compared to
commercial parking assist systems.

5. *DIY Learning and Project Development:* Implementing this project serves as an educational
experience for electronics enthusiasts and hobbyists to learn about sensor interfacing,
microcontroller programming, and practical applications of Arduino technology.

Overall, the primary objective is to leverage technology to enhance parking safety, reduce the
risk of accidents, and improve driver confidence and convenience during reverse parking
maneuvers.
4. System Design and Components
4.1. Hardware Components

• Arduino UNO: Overview of the microcontroller board and its capabilities

• HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor: Working principle and integration with Arduino
• Buzzer: Role in providing auditory feedback
• Mini Breadboard and Connecting Wires: Prototyping platform and electrical
connections

4.2. Software Development

• Overview of the Arduino IDE and programming environment

• Explanation of the code structure for distance measurement and feedback
generation

THE CODE GIVEN IS

// Arduino code for parking sensor with HC-SR04

// Define pins and constants

#define triggerPin 2

#define echoPin 3

#define buzzerPin 11

#define beepStartThreshold 100

#define minDistanceThreshold 5

#define speedOfSound 0.0343 // cm/microsecond

long duration;

float distance;

void setup() {

pinMode(triggerPin, OUTPUT);

pinMode(echoPin, INPUT);

pinMode(buzzerPin, OUTPUT);

Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication

}
void loop() {

digitalWrite(triggerPin, LOW);

delayMicroseconds(2);

digitalWrite(triggerPin, HIGH);

delayMicroseconds(10);

digitalWrite(triggerPin, LOW);

duration = pulseIn(echoPin, HIGH);

distance = (duration / 2) * speedOfSound;

Serial.print("Distance: ");

Serial.print(distance);

Serial.println(" cm");

if (distance < beepStartThreshold) {

tone(buzzerPin, 1000); // Emit sound at intervals proportional to distance

delay(40);

if (distance > minDistanceThreshold) {

noTone(buzzerPin);

delay(distance * 4); // Continuous sound when close to obstacle

delay(50); // Wait before next measurement

}
5. Implementation Details
5.1. Circuit Design

• Detailed circuit diagram illustrating the connection between components

• Pin mapping and power requirements for each module

5.2. System Architecture

• Block diagram depicting the flow of data and control signals within the system
• Explanation of trigger and echo signal propagation in ultrasonic distance
measurement
6. Experimental Setup
6.1. Setup Procedure

• Step-by-step instructions for assembling the hardware components

• Configuration of Arduino sketch for distance measurement and obstacle
detection
7. Results and Analysis
7.1. Performance Metrics

• Analysis of distance measurement accuracy and reliability

• Evaluation of feedback signals based on obstacle proximity

7.2. Data Visualization

• Presentation of experimental data using charts and graphs

• Comparison of expected vs. observed performance metrics
8. Discussion

Implementing a reverse car parking sensor using Arduino comes with certain limitations and
challenges that should be considered during the design and development process:

Limitations:

1. Accuracy of Ultrasonic Sensors:

- Ultrasonic sensors may have limitations in accuracy, especially at very close distances or in
certain environmental conditions (e.g., highly reflective surfaces, irregularly shaped obstacles).

2. Limited Range and Field of View:

- Ultrasonic sensors have a limited detection range and may not detect obstacles outside their
specified range or in blind spots, which can be a limitation in crowded or complex parking
environments.

3. Interference and False Readings:

- Ultrasonic sensors can be affected by interference from ambient noise, echoes, or acoustic
properties of different surfaces, leading to potential false readings or reduced reliability.

4. Dependency on Sensor Placement:

- The effectiveness of the system heavily depends on the proper placement and alignment of
the ultrasonic sensor on the vehicle, which can be challenging to optimize for different vehicle
types and configurations.
9. Conclusion
In summary, developing a reverse car parking sensor system using Arduino is a promising
project that aims to enhance driver safety during reverse maneuvers. Despite challenges such
as sensor accuracy limitations, calibration requirements, and integration complexities, this
project offers valuable learning opportunities in sensor interfacing, microcontroller
programming, and practical automotive applications. By addressing these challenges and
optimizing system design, a well-implemented parking sensor can significantly improve parking
safety and driver confidence, showcasing the potential of DIY electronics in enhancing everyday
tasks.
10. Future Recommendations
10.1. Enhancements and Upgrades

• Integration of additional sensors for 360-degree coverage

• Implementation of wireless communication for remote monitoring
• Incorporation of a graphical user interface (GUI) for user-friendly interaction

10.2. Research Directions

• Exploration of machine learning algorithms for advanced obstacle detection

• Investigation into energy-efficient power management techniques for
prolonged operation