Advanced 7 American Headways 5 Final Exam Unit 4

Name: Victoria Rebeca Raquel Saucedo Pareja Date 24-06-2022

1 Read the article. What is it about?
a The best way to preserve habitats and save species from extinction.
b Using cloning to recreate extinct species or save animals from extinction.
c Understanding why species become extinct.
d Using cloning to create new species.
e The dangers of cloning for humans.

It sounds like something from a science fiction movie –

the idea of bringing back to life creatures that became
extinct thousands of years ago. But it seems that the
idea could soon move from fiction to fact. Scientists
are improving their ability to use the technique of
cloning, in which they use the genetic material from
just one cell from an animal to “grow” a new version of
the animal.
In May 2007, a scientist in Japan successfully cloned
mice that had been frozen for 16 years. A group of
American scientists think that this achievement could
open the door to using frozen remains of ancient
woolly mammoths to reproduce the animals
themselves. They have been working for several years
on a plan of what exactly they are going to “build” from
the single cell that they start with. In 2009, a group of
American scientists published a paper that contained
70% of the mammoth genome – that’s a list of all the
genes the mammoth has. This leaves just 30% to
figure out, and scientist Roger Marshall believes that
“it’s just a matter of time before this happens”.

Other scientists are focusing on a more immediate

problem – can they use cloning to save species that
have recently been wiped out or are in danger of being
wiped out now? Some zoos, like the San Diego Zoo,
keep “frozen zoos”, in which they retain genetic
material from endangered species. In 2003, scientists
at San Diego Zoo successfully cloned two bantengs,
 an endangered species of ox. They did it by inserting
genes from a banteng into the reproductive cells of a
domestic cow. The cow then gave birth to a healthy
baby banteng. They are extending their experiments
and using similar techniques to try to clone other
species in danger of extinction, such as giant pandas,
or to recreate extinct species like the Pyrenean ibex
and the Tasmanian tiger. But some people are raising
ethical objections to this work. For example,
mammoths, like their modern relatives, elephants,
were intelligent and sociable animals. Some scientists
argue that it wouldn’t be fair to clone a single animal
and keep it in captivity.

There are similar objections to cloning endangered or

recently-extinct species. A lot of these species are in
danger because their habitat has disappeared, so there
would be nowhere in the natural world for them to live.
Furthermore, a lot of species are already in decline in the
wild due to climate change and human activities. If you
suddenly reintroduce a new predator like the Tasmanian
tiger, smaller creatures will become its prey, and these
species may then become endangered.
Environmentalists argue that the answer is
not to recreate species in the laboratory, but to work to
preserve the habitats of all animals so that they can
continue to thrive in the wild.

1 point for a correct answer 1

2 Read the article again. Choose the correct answers.

1 When scientists clone an animal they … .
a change its genes
b add new genes to its reproductive cells
c use material from a single cell to create a new animal
2 Roger Marshall believes that … .
a it will never be possible to clone a woolly mammoth
b sooner or later, scientists will discover the full mammoth genome
c it will soon be possible to recreate a woolly mammoth
3 Scientists at the San Diego Zoo … .
a have brought frozen animals back to life
b would like to try their successful techniques on other species
 c believe that their technique would not be successful with species that are already
extinct
4 According to some people, the problem with bringing back extinct animals is that … .
a they would have no prey to eat
b there would be too many predators for them
c there is no wild habitat for them to live in
5 Environmentalists want to … .
a recreate the habitats of extinct species in zoos
b better maintain the environment of living species
c reintroduce extinct species in the wild

1 point for each correct answer 5

3 Select the modal verb that is NOT possible.

1 She looks so young. She can’t / won’t / couldn’t / might not be his mother.
2 He’s not answering the phone. He should / may / might / must have gone out.
3 It’s four o’clock. Our guests will / should / may / can be here soon.
4 Riding a bike in the city must / should / may / can be dangerous.
5 There were dozens of people there. Somebody must / can / should / will have seen
something.
6 The store was closed on Sunday, so I can’t / couldn’t / won’t / must not have bought it
then.
7 Look! Jack’s with a girl. It must / could / may / can be his new girlfriend.
8 I heard a loud noise; it may / could / might / should have been a motorcycle.
9 Jim wasn’t at the meeting – he might / may / can / could have had the day off that day.
10 They forecast rain tomorrow, but it might not /
could not / won’t / may not happen.

1 point for each correct answer 10

4 Choose the correct modal verbs in italics to complete the text.

One of the greatest unsolved art mysteries (1) must / should be the Gardner heist. In 1990,
13 works of art, worth an estimated $500 million, by artists such as Manet, Vermeer, and
Rembrandt, were stolen from the Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum in Boston,
Massachusetts. After almost 25 years, detectives (2) could / can finally be getting closer to
tracking down the missing art. The FBI say that they (3) may / will have discovered the
identity of the two suspects involved in the theft and that some of the missing artwork (4)
will / might even have been seen in a garage in the US.
Over the years, there has been considerable speculation about who (5) should / might have
 stolen the paintings. Many people claim that they (6) must / should have been stolen by the
mafia as only they were organized enough for such a large crime. But why did they steal
them? If they sold the paintings, it (7) shouldn’t / won’t have been easy because the
paintings are too well-known to be sold at auctions. However, they (8) should / could have
been sold secretly to private collectors. Some people fear that they (9) would / might have
been destroyed by the criminals. Whatever the case may be, what (10) can / may have
happened to them remains a mystery. We can only hope that now that they have been
spotted, it (11) might not / could not be long before they are found again.

1 point for each correct answer 11

5 Match sentences 1–10 with functions a–e. There are two examples of each function.
1 Chang would stay out late and sleep all day.
c
2 The judge says Charlie must pay all his speeding tickets. b
3 You can go to the party tonight if you finish your homework. a
4 Perhaps you should reconsider the job offer. e
5 You may leave the table if you have finished.
e
6 I’m afraid I can’t help you. I’m busy right now.
d
7 My mother would always bake a cake on Sundays.
c
8 You could always write her a letter. e
9 Julia has to report to the police station today.
b
10 Sorry, I’d love to, but I can’t make it tonight.
d

a permission
b obligation
c habit
d refusal
e advice

1 point for each correct answer 10

6 Complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first. Use a
modal verb and up to four extra words.
1 Maybe your team won’t lose next time.
Your team might not lose next time.
2 It’s possible Jamie was there, but I didn’t notice him.
Jamie will be there, but I didn’t notice him.
3 I’m sure you were surprised when you heard
the news.
You will have been surprised when you heard the news.
4 Perhaps she isn’t working today.
She might not be working today.
5 It would have been a good idea to warn us about
the ice.
You should have warned about the ice.
6 It isn’t necessary to pay in advance.
You don't have to pay in advance.
7 It was a mistake to go to that party last night.
We wouldn't have made a mistake to go to that party last night.
8 Do not bring drinks or food into the library.
You shouldn't bring drinks or food into the library.
9 I expect they will be here soon.
They will have been here soon.