QUALITY

PLANNING
 GROUP MEMBER

Honey Jane Miral Blyss Vistal Lyle Superticioso

 LIST OFCONTENTS
Quality Planning Quality and Grade

Quality planning
Statistics
tools

Quality Assurance
 INTRODUCTION

“Quality” means making sure that

you build what you said you
would and that you do it as
efficiently as you can.
 INTRODUCTION
Everybody “knows” what quality is.
But the way the word is used in
everyday life is a little different
from how it is used in project
management.
 INTRODUCTION

“Customer satisfaction” is about making

sure that the people who are paying for
the end product are happy with what
they get.
 INTRODUCTION

“Fitness to Use” is making sure the

product you build has the best
design possible to fit the customer’s
needs.
 INTRODUCTION

“Conformance to requirements” is the

core of both customer satisfaction and
fitness to use, and is a measure of how
well your product does what you intend.
 QUALITY PLANNING
focuses on taking all of the
information available to you at the
beginning of the project and figuring
out how you will measure quality and
prevent defects.
 QUALITY & GRADE
QUALITY is the degree to which a set of inherent
characteristics fulfill requirements.

QUALITY also implies good value—getting your

money’s worth.
 QUALITY & GRADE
Example: Quality of Gasoline Grades
Petroleum refiners provide gasoline in several different grades based
on the octane rating because higher octane ratings are suitable for
higher compression engines. Gasoline must not be contaminated with
dirt or water, and the actual performance of the fuel must be close
to its octane rating. A shipment of low-grade gasoline graded as 87
octane that is free of water or other contaminants would be of high
quality, while a shipment of high-grade 93 octane gas that is
contaminated with dirt would be of low quality.
 STATISTICS

is a mathematical
interpretation of
numerical data.
 STATISTICS

useful when interpreting large numbers

of measurements and determining how
well the product meets a specification
when it is made repeatedly.
 CONTROL LIMITS

upper and lower extremes that

are considered boundaries of
acceptable variations.
 COOKIE SAMPLES

BIGGER smaller
COOKIE cookie
 COOKIE SAMPLES

Slight differences in mixing can affect each cookie's size.

When baking a batch, most of the cookies turn out
roughly the same size, even if a few are a bit bigger or
smaller.
 CENTRAL LIMIT
THEOREM

THE BALANCING ACT BETWEEN THESE

COOKIES IS WHAT CENTRAL LIMIT
THEOREM IS ABOUT!
 CENTRAL LIMIT
THEOREM

If several random factors are

affecting the process, they tend to
offset each other, and the most
common results are near the middle of
the range
 FREQUENCY
BINS DISTRIBUTION

little sections counting how

or categories many
that you measurements
divide this fall into each
range into bin
 NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION

When the differences in

measurements are caused by
random factors that tend to
balance out
 NORMAL
DISTRIBUTION
GRAPH
 PENCIL SAMPLES

13 cm pencil 15 cm pencil 17 cm pencil

 PENCIL SAMPLES

13 cm pencil 15 cm pencil 17 cm pencil

If you were to measure the lengths of all

these pencils and plot them on a graph, you
would notice that most of them cluster
around the 15-centimeter mark.
 MEAN

central point in the distribution

which is represented by the
Greek letter mu
MEAN
 STANDARD
DEVIATION

the difference between each

measurements from the central
value
σ
STANDARD
DEVIATION
 STEPS TO GET THE
STANDARD DEVIATION

1 2 3 3
Subtract each Add up these Then take the
measurement squared values, square root. This
from the mean, divide by the
number of gives you an
and then square measurements average
the result minus one; difference
STANDARD
DEVIATION
STANDARD
DEVIATION
 68-95-99 RULE

This is a useful rule of thumb

for analyzing some types of
data.
 68-95-99 RULE

About 68% of the samples are

within one standard deviation,
95.4% percent are within two, and
99.7% percent are within three.
QUALITY PLANNING TOOLS
High quality is achieved by
planning first rather than
reacting to problems after they are
identified. Standards are chosen
and processes are put in place to
achieve those standards.
 WHAT IS TOLERANCE?
How much room for error or variation is
allowed while still meeting the standards set
for quality. It's like the acceptable range of
imperfections or differences that are
considered okay without affecting the
overall quality of the product or process.
 PROJECT SURVEYS

Capture how client perceives the project

performance and provide the project team
with data that are useful in meeting client
expectations.
 TECHNIQUES

Cost Benefit Benchmarking Design of

Analysis experiments
is looking at how means using the
much your quality is the list of all
results of quality the kinds of
activities will cost planning on
versus how much tests you are
other projects to going to run on
you will gain from set goals for your
doing them your product.
own
 TECHNIQUES
Cost of Cause-and-
Control charts effect
quality
diagrams
is what you get Discussions can be
when you add up facilitated using a
the cost of all the can be used to cause-and-effect or
prevention and define acceptable fishbone diagram
inspection activities limits. where participants are
you are going to do encouraged to identify
on your project possible causes of a
defect
 TECHNIQUES
Check Pareto
Sheets Histograms Charts
the widths of the
user can make columns fill the avail- columns are
a check in the able space on the x-axis arranged in
appropriate axis and are proportional decreasing order
box each time to the category values with the most com-
mon on the left
a problem displayed on that axis, and a line added
occurs while the height of the that shows the
columns is proportional to cumulative total.
the frequency of
occurrences
QUALITY ASSURANCE
The purpose of quality assurance is to create
confidence that the quality plan and controls
are working properly.

To build confidence in the client that quality

standards and procedures are being followed.
 PROCESS ANALYSIS
The flowcharts of quality processes are compared to the
processes followed during actual operations. If the plan was not
followed, the process is analyzed and corrective action taken.

The corrective action could be to educate the people involved

on how to follow the quality plan, or it could be to revise the
plan.
THANK
YOU
ANY
QUESTIONS?