MIND MANAGEMENT AND HUMAN VALUES

An experiential course on
VISHVA - CHAITANYA

Under-Graduate Program, Jain University

Conducted by

HUMAN NETWORKING ACADEMY

Jain Group of Institutions

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 MESSAGE
Dear Faculty & Students,

It is heartening to know that the Human Networking Academy, a

distinguished division of the Jain Group of Institutions (JGI), has
prepared a course entitled Mind Management and Human Values along
with suitable course materials to be included in the Jain University
undergraduate programmes. I congratulate the members of HNA for their
invaluable experience, meticulous planning and tremendous energy for such
a course, a reality in a very short time.

In these days of globalisation, it is extremely difficult to convince the

students the need for and the importance of keeping their minds serene,
unpolluted and open, so as to enable them to realize the full potential of
their mental faculties. (Font to be changed to 15)

With a view to equipping the students with the requisite knowledge and
skills to strengthen their mind, the Jain University has introduced a course
entitled Mind Management and Human Values in its undergraduate
course curriculum.

I am happy to place on record my appreciation for Prof. K.S. Shantamani,

Chief Mentor of JGI for her commitment and dedication in planning the
course and taking all the trouble to inculcate human, spiritual and ethical
values in our students.

Prof. N. Sundararajan

Pro - Chancellor
Jain University

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 EDITORIAL BOARD

Late Professor K.S. Shantamani

Chief Mentor, Jain University

TNC Col. Vijayasarathy, VSM (President Awardee)

Chief Programme Co-ordinator, Human Networking Academy,
Jain University

Abhijith Shenoy K
HOD, Human Networking Academy, Jain University

Dr. Swaroop Ranganath

Assistant Professor, Human Networking Academy, Jain University

Shilpa Venkatesh
Assistant Professor, Human Networking Academy, Jain University

Vijith Varghese
Faculty, Human Networking Academy, Jain University

Shanta Sheela
Faculty, Human Networking Academy, Jain University

Divyashree Sampath
Adjunct Faculty - Life Skills, Human Networking Academy,
Jain University

Ashwini Bhat
Adjunct Faculty - Life Skills, Human Networking Academy,
Jain University

Vibha Sharma
Adjunct Faculty - Life Skills, Human Networking Academy,
Jain University

Sumithra Radhakrishnan
Adjunct Faculty - Yoga, Human Networking Academy, Jain University

Yamuna G
Adjunct Faculty - Yoga, Human Networking Academy, Jain University

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 INDEX

1. AWAKENING HIDDEN POTENTIAL

2. COMMUNICATION SKILLS AND KINESTHETICS

3. EMOTIONAL WELLBEING

4. GOAL SETTING

5. LEARNING MADE EASY

6. HEALTHY RELATIONSHIPS

7. TIME MANAGEMENT

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 INTRODUCTION

Chaitanya means consciousness – The source of our life. Our mind is a

limited force, also called as Vyashti-Chaitanya (व्यष्टि-च ैतन्य). Prayer and
meditation connect us to the Universal Mind or Vishva-chaitanaya, the
power that is directing and sustaining all the laws and movements of the
universe. This linking of the Individual Mind with the Universal Mind is
known as YOGA, best symbolized by Namaskāra-Mudra.

Yoga is a comprehensive term which covers different aspects of personality

development. A few aspects which can be enlisted are – being aware of our
thoughts, further, differentiate between positive and negative thoughts and
finally retain positive thoughts and practice a positive lifestyle. Further, it
helps us to fine-tune the body-mind complex. Yoga also enhances our
concentration and memory. In the Bhagavadgītā , several kinds of Yogas
are mentioned. They are all practical paths that lead us to fulfilment of life
by delving deep into the ultimate source of energy and bliss.

“Growth and inner evolution”, “Raise yourself by self-effort” - these are the
empowering watchwords of the Jain Group of Institutions. Our sources of
guidance and inspiration are the wisdom of the Upanishads, life histories of
ancient and modern sages, the techniques of yoga as well the insights of
modern humanistic psychology.

Dr Chenraj Raichand,
Chairman, Jain University

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 AWAKENING HIDDEN POTENTIAL
(The power of the Conscious and Subconscious Mind)

The reason to title the course or the 4 days of soft-skills based orientation
program as ‘Vishva Chaitanya’ – ‘Vishva’ is Universe and ‘Chaitanya’ is
Consciousness. So, Vishva Chaitanya means Universal Consciousness. The
underlying consciousness within all of us is one single energy particle called
by different names by different people. The same energy is called Quarks by
physicists and consciousness by psychologists. The energy within us and
nature is of high potential. Animals, birds and other living creatures
instinctively connect very well with the nature and are extremely sensitive
to the good and bad of nature.

Man, like animals and birds, has within him all the energy to connect with
nature. The inner energy within an individual is called Vyashti Chaitanya
(Individual Consciousness), whereas the external collective energy is called
Samashti Chaitanya (Collective Consciousness). So the goal of every
human being eventually is to connect with the collective energy and attain a
Vishva Chaitanya state!

Unfortunately, Man, due to his negative qualities like consumerism and too
much materialism, has stopped connecting with nature and become highly
insensitive. The reason for such largescale turmoil in the society is because
of the loss of the inherent capacity to connect with nature.

After analysing the problem, now it is important to find the solution. Hence
the question arises - How do we develop such an ability?

The ability to connect to nature can be possessed by an individual, by being

more focussed and curious.

By tapping the conscious and sub-conscious mind power, one can achieve
both personal goals and global goals i.e., making this planet a better place to
live.

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Mind your mind –

The students of a Zen Master noticed that whenever their Master sat on the
shore of the ocean to meditate, the seagulls and other birds would freely and
fearlessly sit on his shoulders and head. The birds seemed to enjoy the
atmosphere of peace and harmony that the Master’s aura created. The
students wondered why the same did not happen when they sat for
meditation.

“We would like to touch these birds and fondle them affectionately just once
for the sheer delight of the experience, Master,” they said, “Please catch one
or two of them when they sit on you. Please Sir, just once.”

The Master agreed to oblige his students. That day to the surprise of both
the Master and the student, not one bird alighted on the Master when he sat
in meditation. The birds seemed to have sensed the intention of the Master.
They did not want to lose their freedom. They hovered round his head and
vanished!

Mind is indeed a very sensitive medium. Our own mind and the minds of
plants, birds and animals are all aspects of the Universal consciousness or
‘Vishva Chaitanya’

Conscious mind has four properties –

1. Atomicity – which means one individual at one given point of time can
execute only one action perfectly. This knowledge regarding the
functionalities of the mind will facilitate us in channelizing all our mental
energy on one goal or one objective rather than spending it on numerous
things and wasting the same.

2. Principle of Calmness and Alertness (SATTWA) – which means the

ability to keep our mind calm and serene. All the bitter and sweet memories
we have collected over a period of time are those which we have gathered in
an alert state of mind. The memories of the rhymes which we learnt during

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our Pre-KG days are still within us, because our mind was alert then without
any dilemmas and problems.

3. Principle of Random Activity (RAJAS) – Our mind is constantly

behind activities. Right from the time we get up early in the morning till we
slip to deep slumber, we indulge into different activities. Alas, these
activities are random and most of the time not performed consciously. As a
result, the activities performed and the memories borne out of them are
short-lived. Hence, the mind in this state is not conducive in achieving our
goals.

4. Principles of Inertia (TAMAS) – Our mind is plugged off from the

normal course of life when we are tired, exhausted and fatigued physically
and mentally. Hence, in the deep sleep state, the mind has no existence. But
when such a state is voluntarily brought in, this is impeding to achieve our
goals. Such an inertia state, which is voluntarily brought in, is the source of
our lethargy, laziness, procrastination, etc. Lethargy turns eventually into
depression, which is an obstacle to achieve higher goals of life.

So, it is important we realize the importance of Principle of Calmness and

Alertness.

The Sub-conscious mind has two properties –

Sub-conscious mind is a very powerful instrument to achieve our goals. It

has to be optimally used and by doing so, one can change his/her attitude
characteristics, behaviour and other aspects on one’s personality.

1. Samskaras – The first property in regard to sub-conscious mind is the

feeding of the sub-conscious mind. When we perform multiple activities,
the sub-conscious mind takes a note of the same. When we do one particular
action for quite a number of times or repeatedly on a regular basis, it
percolates deep into the sub-conscious mind and it becomes our personality.
It is important that we selectively choose good and noble activities and also
activities which will help us to go closer to our goals. The more we perform
such positive activities and make it part and parcel of our life, our

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personality is moulded so. Hence, it is vital to know the role of our
perception, as it matters most. We are what we perceive.

2. Vasanas – This word in Kannada language means smell. But in Sanskrit,

it means ‘Impressions’. In this context, we prefer the Sanskrit meaning and
not the one in Kannada. We create multiple impressions by performing
multiple activities. So, every impression has the potential to shape our
personality. Hence, it is wise to allow positive impressions to go deeper into
the sub-conscious mind, rather than negative impressions, as negative
impressions once formed are hard to erase. When we start to tap the
conscious and sub-conscious mind, we by default in the process also start to
mould our personality. To reach a considerable success level, what matters are
the skills and abilities we possess, but from thereon, it is character.

NEURAL PATHWAYS –

Neural Pathways are created in the brain by repeating a particular action a

number of times. Neural pathways are very much like the pathways in the
forest. Pathways in the forest remain intact, only if they are used regularly.
If they are not used or if no one walks on the same, a pathway simply fades
away. Similarly, neural pathways, once laid by efforts have to be retained in
its original shape by repeating the process a number of times. Anyone can
create any number of pathways in the brain and they can also retain the
same for a long duration depending on the frequency of the usage. Nature is
impartial and has gifted all of us at birth the same human body composition.
Just like the lungs assist everyone in breathing and kidneys and liver work
in a similar pattern in everyone, so does the brain. It works the same way for
everyone. Hence, we need to use our brain by training it to behave in a
particular way. The same brain that can strategize for a surgery can perform
for a robbery as well. We are just what we feed our brain!

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 COMMUNICATION SKILLS
Effective Communication and Presentation Skills

Need for communication –

➢ Provide a basic overview of verbal and non-verbal interpersonal

communication.
➢ Identify personal obstacles to effective interpersonal communication.
➢ Define some strategies for improving individual and group
communication.

Definition –

“The interchange of thoughts or opinions through shared symbols”.

Introduction
Effective communication creates a bond between two or more
people. As it contributes to maintaining the smooth functioning of a
conversation, it cements the relationship among people. Highly valued in a
professional life, communication is an active process and is done by using
various mediums - verbal or non-verbal. The medium of communication can
also be through signs, symbols, images etc. to convey the messages.
Sometimes, even appropriate Pauses, Silence and Body language (Gestures)
convey more than spoken words.

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What is Communication?
Communication is an act of sharing or transferring information
between two or more individuals or a group of people. It can be shared
through any medium - a paper, online, speech, poetry, silence, and body
language. Receiver must receive the encoded message and decode the
information as feedback through reactions, actions, silence, dozing off,
applause and reply. If the receiver does not hear or understand the sender’s
ideas or messages accurately, then it is not communication at all.
Obvious Communication
An effective communicator is one who conveys his messages /
thoughts to others through speech, writing, messaging, presentations,
dialogues, debates, negotiation and ‘influences an outcome’. This can
happen only when the message received by the receiver is the same as the
message sent by the sender; the intention, meaning and purpose understood
in the same manner as that of the sender. There should be no deviation,
misinterpretation or misunderstanding between the sender and the receiver.
Non-Obvious Communication
Some of the signs may not be apparent in communication. One
may or may not be able to recognize it as communication at all. They are
Indicators, Alerts, vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and notifications on
Cell-phones, Colors, Advertisements, Body Language, and Talking to self,
Dreams, etc.
Essential Communication skills for Career
Listening – Good Listening directly contributes to an effective chain of
communication and it reflects courtesy. Listening could be Active or
Passive.
• Active listening is when the listener continuously gives feedback by
nodding, indicating through gestures, raising some sounds like Oh!
Hum! ...etc., asking questions, showing inquisitiveness / curiosity to
know more, maintaining eye contact, facial expressions and so on. It
improves mutual understanding and is an important first step to defuse
a situation/seek solutions to problems.
• Passive listening is little more than hearing. It is listening without
reacting; allowing someone to speak, without interrupting. Not doing
anything else at the time, and yet not really paying attention to what’s
being said.

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Being friendly – Approachable traits need to be improved for a smooth
communication between people, which makes social interactions
comfortable.
Open-mindedness - Open-minded approach at the workplace can make
things easier, especially when faced with criticism.
Seeking Feedback - The best way to improve one’s communication skills is
by asking feedback, seeking opinions which will make one understand areas
where he/she needs to get better.
Being Confident – Confidence allows you to speak with clarity, speaking
clearly is a crucial part of communication.
Non-Verbal communication – The non-verbal communication is the
process of conveying messages without the use of words either written or
spoken. It is all communicated through Facial Expressions, Body Language
and Gestures.
Importance of Communication
Each and every part of our daily life is based on communication. It
makes our life much easier to get along with the society we live in. It
reduces misunderstandings and improves all relationships - both personal
and professional. There can be no development without meaningful and
effective communication. Communication makes us who we are.
How do we communicate?
Communication is in the Mind of the recipient. The purpose of
Communication is to be able to reach out to the receiver’s mind. Therefore,
one must communicate in a manner that the message reaches the receiver in
the same way as the thought or intent of the speaker; else, it’s just noise. We
communicate the information that we have by mere transmission /
persuasion / dialogue, or consensus creation.

How do we become an effective communicator?

1. Communication styles vary from individual to individual. Each
individual has his unique style of communication. Besides Ethnicity,
Regional distinctness, Cultural differences, Emotions at the moment
of communication and Need/ Urgency, too, influence the style.
Broadly these are classified as Aggressive, Passive, Passive-
Aggressive and Assertive. One of these styles or a combination
would be any individual’s style. It is necessary to understand the
different styles of communication as it would enable one to respond

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 appropriately and not react. For example, if a person is Aggressive, it
would be better for the other person to adopt Passive, yet Assertive,
style to initiate or continue the dialogue. If both are Aggressive, then
the chances are that the situation would get out of hand, result in a
verbal duel to score a point over the other and no meaningful
communication would take place. If one is aware of various styles of
communication, depending upon the situation, need and the person
communicating / being communicated to, one can vary one’s style to
meet the end purpose of the exercise viz getting one’s point of view
through to the other person.
2. Understand the communication needs of others. Greater the need of
the receiver, he will pay better attention.
3. Through Listening one can understand the communication style of the
opposite person to adjust / fine tune one’s style. Remember that some
are logical, some are emotional, some like stories, some like/dislike
details. Emotions prevailing at the moment, recent events and past
memories also play a great role in deciding what style to adopt as a
communicator or a receiver.

Components of Communication Styles:

Aristotle, in his book Rhetoric, has identified three components of
communication viz Ethos, Pathos, and Logos.
• Ethos (Credibility and Character) – The Greek word ethos means
Character. Ethos is about whether the speaker's message appeals to
listeners, inspires a sense of trust in the speaker/ his intentions. So, it is
all about a listener’s perception of the credibility of the speaker.
• Pathos (Emotional bond with the listeners) – Pathos is to persuade by
appealing to the audience’s emotions, sense of justice and judgment.
Rightly used, it increases the chances of the audience to understand and
accept the speaker’s point of view. This leads to increased emotional
bonding (Pathos) which further enhances Ethos. Low Pathos will lead
the audience to find flaws in the speaker’s arguments resulting in low
ethos. So, when persuading a receiver by using emotions, it is important
to refrain from unethical manipulation.
• Logos (Logical and rational argument) – Logos is the persuasive
technique that aims to convince an audience by using logic and reason.
While using Logos as a mode of persuasion, the speaker should convey
his message with Evidence, Historical data, indisputable Facts and
Testimonials in a sequence that is easy to comprehend by the receiver.

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If the above three qualities are understood and kept in mind by the Speaker,
then there are greater chances of the audience accepting the message
received.

What is active listening?

Active listening is an important skill that you need to develop, and an
integral part of effective communication skills. Active listening is being
truly present and making a conscious effort to hear, understand and retain
information. Paying attention and responding to others creates a good
rapport and it helps you to improve your image. Listening is beyond body
language.
Eight Tips for Active Listening

To create conditions for active listening and retain the attention of the
audience following are important –
• If the communication is long like a speech or presentation, pause and
Paraphrase what has been said at regular intervals.
• A word of appreciation to the listener will go a long way in keeping
the listener interested.
• Asking relevant questions to many would increase involvement.
• Grasping the feedback provided by the audience through their
answers indicating how far the audience has assimilated the message
given.
• Using positive body language like maintaining eye contact, nodding
in approval, encouraging smile and being a natural self in posture /
delivery.
• Avoiding slouching and other distracting movements.
• Showing empathy to the audience, who are not as familiar with the
topic as the speaker is, would enable the audience to better connect
with the speaker.
• Avoiding sermonizing or giving paternalistic advice.
• Allowing the audience to participate by giving their points of view
and inviting /accepting short questions, too would help active
listening.
• Remembering that Listening goes beyond words.

What is Body Language?

Body language has many applications in communications; knowingly or
otherwise it communicates a lot to the observer. It either reinforces or
negates what one is saying. Therefore, understanding the role of body

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language is very important. The human face and body are incredibly
expressive and capable of conveying a wide range of emotions without
speaking anything. Body language is also a way of communication that
images a person’s emotions. It can boost your self-confidence and positive
self-esteem. It can be a powerful tool to our overall personality
development.
Body Language includes Eye contact, Inter-se-distance maintained in a
group, Facial Expressions, Body Postures (both sitting and standing), Voice,
Tone and Tenor, Silence, and Dress Sense.
Expansive body language: These persons give other participants energy
and power. By their postures and gestures they make others feel welcome
and thus encourage them to participate. In unfamiliar groups, they help
break the ice.
Shrinking body language: These persons will indicate inward movement
(Both mentally and bodily) and low self-confidence.
Why do we communicate?
We communicate to share our ideas, provide feedback to others, get
information from others and develop good social relationships.
Communication happens in all directions; Upward/Downward,
Vertical/Horizontal, and Internal/External. The way one communicates
indicates how effective the relationships are with people around.
What are Communication Barriers?
There are several barriers that affect the flow of communication. It may
exist because of bias or stereotyping and generalization.

• Language is one of the main reasons to break down the

communication loop.
• Use of Jargons, Technical words used by professionals, would not be
understood by general people resulting in them losing interest in the
conversation.
• Emotions, Prejudice, Bias, Physical Disabilities, Personal
limitations, Physical and Mental stress, Selective listening,
Perceptions, Vocal tone & tenor, Tradition, etc., will also distort
the message.

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Tips for effective communication.
Following tips are used for communicating effectively –
• Decide on what has to be said and to whom.
• Understand the recipient’s level of comprehension capacity.
• Understand the needs of the recipient.
• Listen to what other people say.
• Talk less and say more.
• Choose words carefully and appropriately.
• Listen more and observe more.
• Be aware of the signals from body language (Own & others).
• Identify, control and eliminate distractions.
• Acquire continuous, in-depth knowledge and focus on the content.
• Be patient with people.
• Understand receivers’ state of mind and emotions; then decide on the
best way to communicate, if at all.
• Frequently ask engaging questions to check back if the message is
going through in the intended manner.
• Empathize with the receiver to establish rapport.
• Keep your mind clear.

PRESENTATION

What is Presentation?
Presentation is a mode of sharing knowledge or giving
information about a product, a subject or an idea to a specific audience
according to their need. Its aim is to inform the audience about a specific
topic and get actions executed by them.
Purpose of the Presentation
Presentation and communication are combined skills that are used
in various speaking situations.
The purpose of a presentation is to give more specific information about a
topic or product. It analyzes the audience's needs and correlates the
presenter's idea about the usefulness of the idea to fill a void in the target
audiences’ life. It is built in such a way that at the end of the presentation, at
least some members in the audience accept the idea or product as a solution
to the difficulties they have.

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All the three important modes of communication viz Ethos, Pathos, Logos
are included in the presentation. . Every presentation requires clarity on:-
a. Who is the target audience?
b. What are the problems that the audience faces and the adverse impact
it has on their lives?
c. What exactly do you suggest to the audience to do and what is your
role in it?
d. What is the central idea of the message you intend to deliver?
e. What are the supporting ideas that would seamlessly support the
central idea?
f. What is the level of the audience in terms of comprehension?
g. What methods of delivery would be appropriate for maximum
impact?
h. What is it that you want the audience to do?
Some presenters get the members of the audience involved in the
presentation by sending out topic questions. This is done a day or two
before the presentation to enable the audience to carry out their own
research, prepare to actively participate in the discussions during the
presentation.
As a prelude to the opening of the main presentation, some presenters ask
questions or enter into a ‘small talk’ with the audience to understand their
needs, expectations, beliefs, values and attitudes. This would enable to
suitably alter or articulate the course of the presentation.
Tips to Grab attention
Starting with anecdotes that have one or two points to remember is a good
way to start a presentation.
1. Add fascinating and relevant facts at the right time and right place.
2. Ask Questions, like “How or What if I say…?”; then elicit response
from the audience.
3. Ask thinking / thought provoking questions, like “Are we born with
skills or is it something that we can learn? Or “Why is Apple so
innovative?”
4. Stories and questions depend on the audience and the nature of the
presentation.
How to sell anything?
Remember people don’t buy products; they would like to buy solutions. So,
start with a problem statement. Let the audience identify itself with the

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problem by saying to themselves, “Yes. I have this problem”. Explain
what could be done and show a few ways that offer probable solutions.
Then explain to them how your product / idea is the best solution amongst
those available.
Data Presenting
Data presentation will depend on the target audience and the information
that needs to be relayed. The essential part in data presentation is to
highlight your research about the topic that enriches your audience's
understanding.
Avoid presenting any data that is irrelevant to the objective of the
presentation.
During the presentation, slowly turn the data into information by adding
context. Context enables the audience to interpret and personalize the data
being presented. By this process, the audience starts understanding the
presentation better. This makes the interpretation of the data presented
easier. Providing a context helps the audience visualize and understand the
numbers better. Context is needed for the numbers to make sense.
Insight and meaning of the presentation makes it more interesting.
When data is communicated well as a story or anecdote, it is memorable
and believable.
How to present information?
Presentation needs a lot of preparation. Collect material / data, analyze the
material / data, retain the relevant ones, and sequence them to ensure flow
from beginning to end. Final message must be ringing in the minds of the
audience long after the end of the presentation. Presenter must choose his
words wisely, write down the script to a final shape to crystalize the
thoughts, get slides (PPT) showing only bullet points to enable the Presenter
to maintain the flow of the presentation and assist the audience to retain the
essence of what is being presented. To enhance the content and quality of
delivery the presenter must rehearse, make corrections / additions, if
needed. If possible, it would be beneficial to the presenter, to get
experienced people to listen, to get feedback from them to improve the
content, PPT, script, presentation style, tone and tenor and body language.
Presenter should start with a big picture and then proceed to the specifics as
relevant to the aim of the presentation. This would enable the audience to
get the context right.

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The Presenter should stick to the allotted time and not overshoot, even if the
audience appears interested. Adequate time for Q & A must be inbuilt in the
time allotted.
Various questions that the audience may ask should be thought out and
answers prepared. All questions need not be answered by the Presenter.
Some of the Questions from the audience may be thrown back at them so
that someone else can answer. Questions that are not relevant to the
presentation, even if the Presenter knows the answer, must not be
entertained; for once digression from the aim of the presentation takes
place, the Presenter is likely to lose control.
Sometimes, one or two individuals hijack the presentation to their areas of
specialization / understanding and leave the Presenter looking helpless.
Such individuals can be cut to size by politely requesting them to give
chance to others to participate.
Conclusion
Presentation style and personal confidence are as important as the actual
content of the presentation itself. 75% of Organizations believe that
Presentation and Communication skills are critical for their success.
“Communication and Presentation is a skill developed through Training and
Practice”.
Remember, “PowerPoint alone is not the Presentation. It is only a tool to
enhance the effectiveness of the Presenter”.

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 EMOTIONAL WELLBEING

Introduction –

Right from their childhood days, children are asked one question –Which
profession do you want to take up as an adult? Most common responses are
– I want to become a doctor, an engineer, an astronaut, a teacher, a lawyer, a
fashion designer and so on!

But how many children confront questions like – how do you want to serve
your country? How do you become a good citizen or a good husband/wife
or a good mother/father?

We live a professional life for about 35-40 years at the most. But we spend
a larger amount of time as a husband/wife/parent and as a citizen of a
country. Irony is we spend our entire education training ourselves to be a
good at a chosen profession and very less to be a good citizen or a good
wife/husband/parent/neighbour and so on!

To fix this, we need to train ourselves consistently day in and out and
become able in our relationships.

To live a life creatively, dynamically, productively and in a vibrant manner

we need to keep our emotional health in a perfect state. In this context, let’s
see what is required –

Two kinds of realities – Subjective and Objective

The first step needed to neutralize all kinds of negativity from our minds is
to accept this world as it is. The world can be categorized under two kinds –
Subjective and Objective world

Subjective world is a place wherein we nurture personal opinions, feelings

thoughts about things we like and dislike. It is not universal in its
implication. For example, one can see a particular dish as a source of
breakfast and consume it forever. But, any attempts to make a dish of our

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choice as a breakfast for everyone around us, forcibly against others’ wishes
is not advisable. Subjective world is good so long as it is not harmful for
self and others. Addictive substances like tobacco, alcohol and drugs,
though claimed to be a personal choice is harmful to self and people around
us and those depending on us. When we understand that people around us,
like each one of us are a collection of subjective thoughts, feelings,
emotions, belief systems Etcetera, thereby accept and respect them, life
becomes beautiful and the world becomes a better place to live and flourish.

Objective world is a place wherein there are rules, policies, principles,

protocols and fixed frameworks that can help us derive wonderful things.
To manufacture mobiles, cars mixer grinders, washing machines and all
kinds of these useful objects, we need certain set parameters that help us in
getting perfect results.

How a fridge is manufactured is objective and where we place that in the

house for aesthetic purposes can be subjective!

Our life is a mixture of subjective and objective realities. We use emotions

more in a subjective world and less in the objective world.

NAVARASA –

Human beings perform a variety of actions. Some actions help humans to

complete their routine like eating, sleeping, cleansing and so on. Some other
actions help humans in achieving their Goals and the grand Purpose of Life.
Broadly these actions can be brought under two categories namely –
Constructive and Destructive. Constructive actions are called constructive
because they help the humans to get rid of their weaknesses and threats and
thereby help the society at large. Destructive actions are called destructive
because they destroy a human’s strengths and opportunities and also ruins
the society and the harmony between the individuals of the society.
Constructive and Destructive actions are rooted in thoughts. A constructive
thought gives birth to constructive actions and destructive thoughts give
birth to destructive actions.
Neither constructive nor the destructive thoughts develop overnight. They
are built over a period of time. Constructive thoughts if nurtured and
nourished meaningfully over a period time, make the actions become

21
constructive too. Similarly, in the case of destructive thoughts, which later
convert into destructive actions.
But the question is how to develop constructive thoughts and also how to
convert destructive thoughts into constructive ones?
The word ‘thoughts’ is a broad usage. Thoughts can be broken down to
specific words like feelings and emotions. Feelings are generally temporary
in nature; whereas, emotions stay relatively for a longer duration. Emotions
form a major part of our life and shape our personality too.
An ancient Indian scholar named Bharath developed a concept called
NAVARASA. As per the concept, humans go through nine varied
experiences when certain emotions reach its peak.
Each one of us experience nine unique experiences quite regularly in life.
However, if they are understood and used optimally, life becomes more
creative, dynamic, productive and vibrant.
The nine are –
Love – Humour – Compassion – Rage – Valour – Disgust – Fear –
Wonderment – Calmness
Each of the nine is simplified through stories and they form to be an
important aspect of this notes. The stories have been narrated in a way, one
gets a command over by listening to them multiple times, also experience
them and more importantly introspect on them in the context of one’s own
life experiences. Listen to them and do analyze them as you experience the
beautiful narration.
Here are the links to the same –
1. Love and different aspects of love –
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18ls_sBmWZyvseu2bHeK8zby_A6Yr
zlGf/view?usp=sharing
2. Humor –
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18nr5tiWIijBeDMiupgZOAIauh_3W7
0vY/view?usp=sharing
3. Compassion –
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18pHGZ18oOlQW_uk160gplScs5sf-
CUEd/view?usp=sharing
4. Rage – https://drive.google.com/file/d/18aYFgLp70s-
s3fHtgivMjn_E7oIShio-/view?usp=sharing
5. Valour –
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18MzEaGhRVK8kwFwb8ZEiQH5i_Y
IwbBAw/view?usp=sharing

22
6. Disgust –
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18vJk9h4Tg5VRwG0lE4iUtNF9vjqP1
MFE/view?usp=sharing
7. Fear – https://drive.google.com/file/d/18qGYWYUKzv8xNahB2n-
vZDFQTMHtQsKN/view?usp=sharing
8. Wonderment –
https://drive.google.com/file/d/1942gZYzzfK3lgNrk9VS3XKmPMRy
ROmV0/view?usp=sharing
9. Peace –
https://drive.google.com/file/d/18a9zi314VMIGYT9l5DPMigX_5fzJ5
LG5/view?usp=sharing

23
 GOAL SETTING

What is a goal?

➢ A goal is a statement describing a broad intent, state or condition.

➢ A general statement of an intended outcome.

Why is goal-setting important?

➢ Clarity and purpose – Goal-setting forces you to examine your current

life circumstances and take an active role in choosing what you want to
experience. You recognize your power to choose and create more
meaningful, enriching circumstances. The result: increased clarity and
purpose in every aspect of your life!

➢ On-going personal and professional development – When you work

consistently on strengthening your skills, talents, capabilities and aspirations
in life, you enter into a process that keeps your life circumstances fresh, new
and ever more exciting. You not only gain a stronger appreciation for your
true potential in life, you also end up feeling much more in control of who
you are and who you want to become eventually.

➢ Greater fulfilment and satisfaction in all areas of your life – When

you know how to effectively set and achieve goals, you’ll never end up
stuck in dissatisfying circumstances again. You’ll be able to create a career
you love, rampant success in everything you do, and healthy relationships
that add great meaning and joy to your life.

➢ Three Steps of Goal Setting –

1. Planning 2. Preparation 3. Execution/Implementation

➢ Levels of Goal Setting –

1. Survival
2. Success Looking Good, Feeling Good, Having Goods

3. Significance/Sensitivity {Being Good and Doing Good}

24
 ➢ Types of Goals –
1. Noble Goals
2. Dream Goals

S.M.A.R.T. goals –

Every goal you set should have a few qualities that ensure your ability to
achieve them in the most efficient way possible:

• Goals should be Specific – Goals should be straightforward and specific.

They should answer the questions – Who, What, Where, When, Which,
Why?
• Goals should be Measurable – Quantifying the available and required
resources in physical terms - How much? How many?
• Goals should be Attainable – A goal must be capable of being reached.
The goal must be achievable and still stretching. So you feel you can do it
and it will need a real commitment from you.
• Goals should be Relevant – The goal must be able to produce an impact
or change. In addition, the goal must also be important to you and your
personal value system.
• Goals should be Time Bound – Set a timeframe for the goal. Putting an
end point on your goal gives you a clear target to work towards.

How to set goals?

For the question of how to set goals, we have a very simple process that you
can go through to set your personal goals. These steps can help you achieve
your dreams and goals more easily.

Identify your personal values and mission statement – Your personal value
is the big direction. If you can identify your personal values, your personal
goal will not go wrong. The starting point of all achievement is desire.

➢ Figure out the goals you want to achieve – After you know your
personal values, find out what you really want to achieve in every life
aspects. Life has many aspects and in order to lead a happy life, you should

25
 set goals in every aspect. Personal SWOT analysis is a look at you and your
life. It is a tool to help you find out if the goals are achievable.

➢ Write your goals down – Make sure the goals are SMART and they are
top quality goals. Find out if your goals are smart goals. Write them down.
Please pay attention to this. You must write your goals down on a piece of
paper. If not, they will only become dreams. You should limit your goals to
between 5 and 6 at any one time. To achieve your goals, you have to focus
your efforts and energy. As you progress and complete goals, you may add
new goals.

➢ List the skills and knowledge required to reach your goal – Success
needs a lot of preparation. If you want to be successful, you need to prepare
well. Nothing happens just by accident. Take a look at all of the factors that
are keeping you from accomplishing your goal and develop a plan to
overcome them. You also need to find out the people or group you need to
work with to reach your goals. Fully mobilize all the factors to help you
achieve the goals.

➢ Develop a personal action plan – You need to make a detailed schedule

according to your goals. Develop a personal action plan and follow them.

➢ Review your progress and update your goals accordingly – Make sure
you are making progress. If not, analyse why the goal is not being met. Find
a coach or friend to help you if you have trouble. Realize your goals step by
step.

➢ Celebrate your success – At last you achieve your goals.

Congratulations! Thanks for your hard work and you have succeeded.

➢ Start the process all over again – When you have achieved a goal, you
may set a new one from the beginning. Cultivate good goal setting habits.
Goal setting is a lifelong process. Once you have completed one goal, you
should work on a new goal. You are walking your way to success.

Preparing for Obstacles – Very often, the only difference between success
and failure is being prepared! If you can think ahead and be ready for possible

26
obstacles and challenges you may face while pursuing your goal, you will
empower yourself with the ability to overcome them quickly and eagerly.
While it’s not possible to predict every possible obstacle you’ll face, preparing
as much as you can is a good idea because you’ll have a stronger level of
determination from the get-go, rather than unrealistic expectations. Remember
too that there are usually two types of obstacles:

➢ Obstacles caused by external influences – Outer obstacles are usually

related to things beyond your control, like circumstances or events that
block progress on the path you’ve chosen.
➢ Obstacles that come from within you – Inner obstacles can often be
more daunting than the outer ones. E.g.: inner resistance or limiting
thoughts popping up and before you know it, you’ve stalled.

Some obstacles one has to overcome –

➢ Pessimistic Attitude – “Whatever the mind can conceive and believe,

it can achieve”, if you notice this line closely you can easily understand that,
if you conceive and believe, you can achieve. I repeat in bold letters
“conceive and believe”. If there is a fraction of doubt in your mind that you
cannot achieve something, you won't be able to commit yourself to it.

➢ Procrastination – If you notice that you’re beginning to put off

working on your goals, take it very seriously! Everyone procrastinates to
some degree, like putting off a complex task for a few hours until you’re
better able to concentrate – but if you notice that you’re procrastinating
frequently and for extended periods of time, you’ll have to take action to
turn it around! The best way to deal with procrastination is simply not
allowing yourself to do it. As soon as you notice that you’re putting
something off, get to the root of the issue (why you’re avoiding the
activity) and then take action on it immediately.

➢ Instant Gratification – If one gets satisfied with short term results,

he/she will lose sight of the larger picture and stop working towards the
goal, thus stagnating in life.

27
➢ Blind Imitation – Extreme adoration may lead to thoughtless copying
emulation beyond one’s potential, without foresight of right or wrong.

➢ “Yours and Mine” syndrome – Unhealthy competition and

backstabbing in the light of limited resources mars the sense of co-
operation.

28
 LEARNING MADE EASY

Achieving academic excellence, particularly in examinations and

assessments enhances the self-esteem of any student. So it is natural that all
students desire to achieve good grades. But it doesn’t come easy.

Many give up the effort and settle for a mediocre performance, while others
wonder how the few who make it happen, do so with apparently little or no
effort. Good performance of these few is then assumed or attributed to
either their good luck or their abilities or both.

Nothing can be farther from truth than this assumption. All that a student
should do is to understand that learning is a continuous process and any
disruption in it would cause great difficulty at later times.

Build-up of Ignorance

When a student scores 60% aggregate in any examination, he has

demonstrated 60% knowledge in the tested area, he has also displayed 40%
ignorance (or lack of knowledge). In the 60% that the student has scored,
there are three components, viz marks scored by certainty in answers (sure
knowledge), partially fact-fiction combined (semi knowledge) and some
guesswork.

Therefore the 60% score cannot be used to build further knowledge or act
upon as fact and fiction, semi knowledge and guesswork cannot provide
solid foundation. Most students ignore this aspect. When this fact is not
recognized and remedial measures initiated early enough, complacency sets
in.

Eliminating Ignorance

Questions arise as to what can be done to reduce this ignorance build up and
how to do it. This can be done by adopting the “5R” Principle.

29
“5R” Principle

Review
First step is to review the question paper, post any examination that one has
attempted, to identify the questions that were not answered or were not
answered with certainty. Review enables the student to recognise
knowledge gaps that need to be filled in.

Revise
To bridge the knowledge gap, go over the books, find the right answers,
discuss and clarify doubts.

Rewrite
Now create exam like conditions, set time limit and answer the question
paper as it pertains to the revised portion.

Revalue
Once writing is over, student should get the paper revalued by another
person or do it himself.

Repeat
Until full satisfaction is achieved repeat the above process.

Knowledge enhancing method

➢ Identify the weak areas.

➢ Revise the syllabus.
➢ Follow 5R principle.
➢ Carry out a fair assessment.

By repeating this process, the student would have enhanced his knowledge.
He would have greater clarity of what and how much he knows.

30
Study Technique

S R S R S R
T E T E T E
U S U S U S
D T D T D T
Y Y Y

60 10 60 10 60 10
Minutes Minutes Minutes Minutes Minutes Minutes

Rest = Recall
Study Technique

Before starting studies students must do ten minutes of meditation to calm

the nerves and remove any disturbing thoughts from the mind. While
studying, he should follow the technique of Study-Rest-Study as shown in
the figure above. Rest period should be used for recall of what has been
studied earlier.

Study Methods

Different subjects need different approaches as different parts of the brain

come into play.

For example

➢ Language would need sensitivity in human values

➢ Mathematics would need Logic and Practice
➢ Science would need Logic and Visualization
➢ Social Sciences would need Appreciation
➢ History would require one to have the ability of grasping the sequence of
events and so on.

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Periodic Revision

Regularity in studies helps in better reading, faster revision, instant recall

and superior performance. If one is not regular, memory is likely to fade,
affecting the ability of ready recall. Ready recall enables faster decision
making. Studying different subjects in smaller amounts each day would help
retain interest in studies as well as enhance absorption.

Mix and Match

One should study all subjects every day to save time and to keep a high
recall level. Studying one subject for a long time will result in boredom and
consequently lead to ineffective absorption. Studying different subjects in
smaller amounts each day would retain interest in studies as well as enhance
absorption. One should find the method appropriate to oneself.

Identify Thrust Area

Students must understand that the subjects are all a combined package; they
need to do well in all of them in a balanced manner. Ignoring a subject or
emphasizing on one subject would lead to imbalanced academic
development.

Consequences of not liking a subject

When one mentally says “I do not like the subject”, he is likely to read less
of it. As a consequence, he would register less of it. This would result in
less or weaker recollection and reproduction. The result is lower score.
Once low score results, the feeling ‘I do not like the subject’ finds a
justification to perpetuate. The downhill run gathers momentum.

Students must understand the power of mind / auto suggestion as a great

motivator. By repeatedly suggesting “I like the subject” would be
beneficial. In fact, the subject in which one’s score is the least offers
maximum scope for improving the overall score.

32
Conclusion
Acquiring knowledge is easy if one is systematic in approach, regular and
balanced on a daily basis. In fact, how one approaches one’s education
provides an insight into how one is likely to live his life.

33
 RELATIONSHIPS

The rapid pace of life assisted by advanced science and technology and the
growing selfishness and inhumanity of man has increased the stress pushing
our tensions. The ever increasing competitions have pushed everyone in to
the rat race. People tend to forget their natural being - human beings - being
humane. People tend to become’ human having’ forgetting that they should
be good ‘Human Being’s. All these factors contribute to disharmony among
people leading to broken relationships, increased stress levels, high tensions,
severe health problems, absence of peace and happiness. We should
remember that good relationships depend upon the education of the heart.

It is said that ‘The heart of education is the education of the heart’

To establish a good and healthy relationship –

➢ Have a heart: be understanding, appreciative.

➢ Take yourself lightly and others seriously.
➢ While deciding on the matters concerning you use your head and heart.
➢ Never run up the stairs and rundown people.
➢ Be kind, considerate, and compassionate.

Have the right attitude –

➢ Always be positive.
➢ Look for positive in others.
➢ Don’t be a complainer.
➢ Don’t be egotistic.
➢ Be humble.
➢ Show empathy.
➢ Accept your mistakes.
➢ Insulate yourself don’t be too sensitive.

Communicate well –
➢ Communicate to accumulate.
➢ Be an attentive listener- Listen more- Talk Less.

34
Practice Commandments –

➢ Use ‘We’ avoid ‘I’ as far as possible.

➢ Use’ Thank you’ ‘If you please’, ’what is your opinion?’, ’Sorry’, ’I am
proud of you’ whenever appropriate.
➢ To change others change yourself.
➢ Smile- it is the shortest distance between two people.
➢ Laugh with people not at them. Laughter is the oil for the wheels of life,
without which there is more ‘noise and more ‘friction’.
➢ Don’t play always to win, be prepared to loose.
➢ Don’t argue. If you argue you have the risk of losing both; the argument
and the relationship.
➢ Accept more don’t expect too much.
➢ Hold your temper- short temper is not a virtue, it’s a weakness.
➢ Avoid gossip.
➢ Appreciate in public and correct in private.
➢ Don’t be a perfectionist.
➢ Address people by name.

35
 TIME MANAGEMENT

Introduction

Being focused is essential for being effective. This essentially involves

identifying what needs to be done and finding time to do it. This chapter
aims to provide certain basic ideas towards Time Management for focused
functioning and result oriented action.

Characteristics of Time –

The special characteristics of Time need to be first identified, to understand

its importance and to utilize it in a productive way. Important characteristics
of time are:

➢ Cannot be saved.
➢ Cannot be lent or borrowed.
➢ Available throughout one’s life but in small measure at a time
(Seconds/Minutes)
➢ Unidirectional (moves in one direction; it cannot be reversed).
➢ Once gone, it is gone forever.
➢ Activity or No-activity, it gets spent.
➢ Independent of us.

Since time is independent of us, we have no control over it. To manage

anything we need control. Therefore, time cannot be managed. Essentially,
by Time Management we mean managing ourselves in relation to the Tasks
at hand and the Time by which it must be completed to be Meaningful.

Need to Manage Time –

Having understood the characteristics of Time, the first question that comes
to mind is – ‘Why does one need to Manage Time?’ Particularly so, when
one has no real control over it. Well, some of the reasons could be –
➢ Get through one’s backlog.
➢ Eliminate Time wasters.
➢ Meet Deadlines and Commitments

36
➢ Get more done in less time.
➢ Enhance one’s efficiency.
➢ Have time left for doing those things that one really wants to do (like
Hobbies, Adventure activities, Entertainment, Acquiring new skills, Social
Service etc.)
➢ Avoid/Reduce Pressure & Stress in life.

Working Sharper

Many a time, people get down to do jobs in hand enthusiastically, progress

for a while and then get stuck either due to lack of data, resources or
skill/knowledge. Time spent on activity thus far does not lead to completion
of the task, resulting in waste of time and disillusionment. In such cases,
hard work alone does not pay.

The way to manage time effectively is to work sharper, which essentially

means detailed Planning, thorough Preparation to scout the required
resources, skill and knowledge & team and finally speedy, efficient
Execution.

Available time should ideally be spent in the proportion of Planning 70%,

Preparation 20% and Execution 10%. This clearly indicates that more time
is spent on visualization (Planning). Preparation takes less time (as one
would know what exactly needs to be prepared) and Execution takes least
time (as one would know how exactly to use the resources).

Of course, there is no cut & dry division of time for Planning, Preparation
and Execution. In some cases, initial planning may be the only activity, to
be followed by preparation going on concurrently with planning; thereafter,
preparation and/or execution may be carried out concomitantly. It all
depends on the situation and the task in hand.

Time Inventory

As it is, 24 hours of each day is spent by doing one activity or the other.
Therefore, the question is, “From where to find time for new and/or

37
additional tasks?” Answer to this lies in finding out how one spends his
time. This is easily done by maintaining a Time Inventory as given below:

Time Inventory

Time
Event Remarks
From To
6.00am - Wake up
6.00am 6.15am
6.15am 6.30am
6.30am 6.45am
6.45am 7.00am
- -
- -
- -
- -
9.00pm 9.15pm
9.15pm 9.30pm
9.30pm 9.45pm
9.45pm 10.00pm
10.00pm Lights out (Retire to Bed)

For each day a separate sheet is maintained. All activities of the day, from
the time one wakes up to the time one goes to bed, are faithfully recorded in
time blocks of 15 minutes each. If one is engaged in an activity that takes an
hour, it should be reflected in four time blocks. The recording is to be done
as and when activities take place to ensure that nothing is missed. At the end
of the day, a review of the Time Inventory should be done.

38
In the Remarks column against each activity, after due consideration, noting
should be entered as follows:

➢ A(Y/N) (i.e.) - Was the activity Avoidable (Yes / No)?

➢ N(Y/N) (i.e.) - Was the activity Necessary (Yes / No)?
➢ U(Y/N) (i.e.) - Was the activity Useful (Yes / No)?
➢ G(Y/N) (i.e.) - Was the activity towards a Goal (Yes / No)?

Thus, Time Inventory would help one to identify the area where time and
effort are unproductive. Ways and means can then be found to either
eliminate or reduce such activities. Time saved, even if one slot of 15
minutes, can be used for useful and productive activities.

Time inventory should be maintained on a daily basis for a period of at least

two weeks. From this, when it is analysed, one would notice that a trend
emerges. It would indicate the activities and time that one repeatedly spends
on. One would also realize that each of us has two sets of timings –

➢ One for working days.

➢ Another for Sundays / Holidays.

It can be seen that on working days, one is brisk and in great hurry to meet
various time deadlines. Various external and internal factors force one to be
on the toes. On the contrary, on Sundays/ Holidays all activities are slow
and less productive. This is because, one generally feels that there is
Nothing to do. This is where time is wasted. By tasking oneself with work
and setting deadlines to complete them, one can remain efficient and more
productive on Sundays/Holidays too.

Thus, Time Inventory is a great tool in not only indicating how time is spent
but also suggesting where and how one can find time for more meaningful
activities.

Time Wasters

One must understand that none can waste one’s time without his
concurrence. A Time Waster need not always be an individual. It could be

39
one’s Habits, Attitude, Lack of Goals, Purpose or Ambition. It could also be
one’s inability to manage Attractions and Distractions (both are joyful /
pleasurable). Procrastination / Lack of Concentration too may contribute to
waste of time.

Time Wasters may be defined as ‘anything that prevents / prohibits /

interferes / distracts one from moving towards one’s Goals and
Objectives.’

Time wasters can be classified as Minor Time wasters and Major Time
wasters.

Minor time wasters

Some of the activities /habits as listed below can be classified as Minor

Time Wasters:-

➢ Lazing in Bed after waking up.

➢ Slow motion activities.
➢ Last minute searching of clothing, Accessories, Books, Pens, Socks,
Coin/change & so on.
➢ Unwanted & Extended Telephone calls.
➢ Waiting for others (with no specific purpose) beyond a reasonable time.
➢ Gossip (leading to strained inter personal relations later on).
➢ Meeting without Agenda / Specific purpose.
➢ Dropping in at friends place unannounced.
➢ Fads and so on.

The above mentioned acts can waste some time on some days, or every day.
But when faced with an urgent or important activity or demand of
circumstances, these automatically cease to exist for that moment; but may
resurface once the urgency is over. Generally, these are results of one’s
habits. These can be changed by determination, thought and practice.

40
Major time wasters

These result in waste of a life time and great regret at a later part of one’s
life. These are problems with one’s Goals / Objectives, Priorities and
Attitudes. When one has no goals or clear goals or does not work
systematically to fulfil the goals, life tends to be unfulfilled. If one cannot
get his priorities correct, he may end up doing such jobs as may be less
relevant and important, pending the real ones. Similarly, if one does not
bring about the necessary attitudinal changes needed to evolve, one’s habits
may get the better of him.
Therefore, one must have clear Goals to spend his time purposefully.

Goal Setting & Achieving

Goals essentially define one’s Desires and Ambitions. Goals are achieved
through Efforts and Time on a long-term basis. One needs to understand the
link between Goals & Time. Goal setting is dealt with in another chapter.

Types of Goals & the Link between Them

Terminal / Life Goals – These are goals that are long term in nature. When
one visualises what he wants to be, what his dreams are, what he wishes to
achieve and state the same in SMART terms, he devises Terminal / Life
Goals.

Intermediary Goals – These are goals that are to be achieved in order to

achieve Terminal Goals. Educational goals, Financial goals and
Professional goals are the intermediary goals that lead to terminal / life
goals. Achieving of these goals require clear visualization, sequential
planning and execution.

Subsidiary Goals – Hobby / Interest Goals (to enhance one’s quality of life),
Family (members’) goals (to assist family members to fulfil their terminal
goals). These demand time and effort on one’s part. Therefore, these must
be dovetailed with intermediary / terminal / life goals.

41
Secondary Goals – These are goals that directly do not impact terminal
goals. Not achieving them does not alter one’s life. However, achieving
these goals enriches one’s life, enhances self-esteem and brings about social
recognition. For example, Societal Goals like establishing / being part of an
organisation to uplift the under privileged / poor in terms of financial
assistance, skill development, knowledge enhancement and counselling.
These aim at improving the livelihood / life of members of the society. This
also brings about great satisfaction to oneself.

How to achieve stated goals?

Once Goals have been stated, one would realize that there are
handicaps/difficulties/hurdles etc., in realizing them. One may be ill-
equipped as far as attitude, skill and knowledge that are needed to achieve
stated goals. To rectify/modify/acquire them, one may be required to go
through certain processes. This will need time. Some attitudes, skills and
knowledge may require to be deleted due to redundancy. This will also need
time and effort. All these will form intermediary goals. Without achieving
intermediary goals, one cannot move towards one’s terminal goals.

Prioritization
Once Terminal goals and Intermediary goals have been finalized, one
should find ways of actualizing them. Too many jobs and thoughts clutter
one’s life. When there are too many things to do at a time, one is unable to
decide what to do and where to start from. At a time, one can do only one
thing. So, one must prioritize.

So, what is priority?

It is the Ranking of goals/jobs in Order of Urgency and Order of
Importance. This can generally be visualized and planned. But there are
certain unforeseen demands that arise due to external factors in one’s life
which compel one to do a job immediately.

Those jobs that must be done can be categorized as Priority 1, those tasks
that can be put off for a while as Priority 2 and those which can wait
without much affecting one’s life as Priority 3.
Jobs Linked with Goals

42
Jobs that are linked with one’s goals can be written under various headings
(Personal, Professional, Educational, Financial, Spiritual, Societal and so
on) and allotted priorities viz. 1, 2 and 3. This is one’s List ‘A’.

Jobs Other than Goals

In life, one has activities other than those oriented towards his goals. These
may be activities connected with sustenance, social needs or family needs.
This is one’s List ‘B’.

Jobs Assigned by Others

One may be required to delegate some jobs due to lack of time and
resources or to even enhance efficiency. Converse of this is others may
reverse delegate some of their jobs. This one cannot refuse. In fact, doing
certain jobs for others brings in a lot of goodwill and also builds effective
network. This is one’s List ‘C’.

Thus, there are three lists.

How to Work?

Step 1 – List out all jobs connected with Goals (List A)

Step 2 – List out jobs not connected with Goals (List B)
Step 3 – List out jobs assigned by others (List C)
Step 4 – Prioritize as – 1, 2, 3 in each of the above 3 lists
Step 5 – Plot on a Work Chart (as given below)

URGENT NOT URGENT

IMPORTANT 1 2

NOT IMPORTANT 3 4

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Work Chart has four Quadrants to plot the Tasks as per Priority. It helps to
Execute, Control, Co-ordinate and Review the Planned Activities.

Serial numbers from the lists A, B and C (e.g. A1, A3, B2, B6, C7, C8, etc.)
are to be entered in Quadrant 1, being those jobs which have been prioritized
as Urgent and Important. Enter in Quadrant 2 jobs that are Not Urgent but are
Important; Quadrant 3 jobs that are Urgent but not Important and in
Quadrant 4 those jobs that are neither Urgent nor Important at this point in
time.

With this one will be clear as to which job needs his considered attention to
go ahead and complete.

Every day, work chart must be reviewed and updated (delete jobs
completed, add new jobs and rearrange jobs in the quadrants) as per
emerging situations.

Managing time

Now to find time to complete the jobs that have been listed, following tips
are suggested:-

➢ Start each day at a fixed time irrespective of what time one retired to bed
the previous day.
➢ Have a schedule for working on Holidays.
➢ Each day pick up at least five jobs for self from the work chart and try to
complete them.
➢ Each day try to delegate at least 5 jobs to others from the work chart and
try to get them completed.
➢ Every Night –
i. Recollect each of one’s goals. (To remain focused).
ii. Plan for the next day. (To have a reason to start a day).
iii. Review the day. (To learn from each day).
iv. Review Time Inventory. (To find time slots that can be saved and
utilized).

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 v. Plan for activities to manage time gain and time slip. (To meaningfully
use time)
vi. Reduce Repetitive activities and Routines to the barest minimum. (To
create time slots for other productive activities)
vii. For all the jobs that one could complete, one may examine whether it
could have been completed in less time and with less energy. (To find
better and creative ways of doing it and enhance one’s efficiency)
viii. For all the jobs one could not complete, review the Factors, Timing
and Effort that resulted in the non-completion of the job. (To better
plan in future)
ix. Check if one has adequately or inadequately delegated jobs to others
and how that has been done. (To better plan and execute in future)
x. Find out if one has done anything Progressive, Creative and towards
one’s goals. (To enhance self-motivation)
xi. Check how one is feeling at the end of the day (Satisfied or Guilty of
wasting a day?) If satisfied, one deserves a pat on the back and if not,
one should be kind to oneself and remember some days will never be
fully satisfying and resolve to do better the following day.

Above is the SMART way of working viz. Planning, Preparation and

Execution. When one continuously repeats this process on a daily basis, he
shall emerge as an effective person.

Conclusion

Remember that there is time that is under our control and there is time not
under our control due to various factors. When it is under our control, we
must see how to use it to the best advantage.

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