Reading 6 Final Punjab Action Plan

PUNJAB PROVINCIAL CLIMATE
CHANGE ACTION PLAN

(DRAFT-SUGGESTED ACTIONS)
March, 2021
Government of Pakistan
Ministry of Climate Change
Islamabad, Pakistan
Supported by UNDP
Table of Contents
PREFACE ...................................................................................................................................................... 1
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................... 3
Zonal Distribution of Punjab ...................................................................................................................... 4
Impacts of Climate Change in Punjab ....................................................................................................... 4
Temperature changes ........................................................................................................................... 4
Precipitation changes ............................................................................................................................ 5
Changes in food production .................................................................................................................. 5
Shifting weather patterns ...................................................................................................................... 5
Loss of biodiversity ................................................................................................................................ 5
People and Society ............................................................................................................................... 6
SITUATION ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................. 7
Water ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
Agriculture and Livestock .......................................................................................................................... 7
Forestry ...................................................................................................................................................... 8
Disaster Preparedness .............................................................................................................................. 9
Vulnerable Ecosystem ............................................................................................................................... 9
Health ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
Energy ..................................................................................................................................................... 10
Transport ................................................................................................................................................. 10
Industry .................................................................................................................................................... 11
Urban Planning ........................................................................................................................................ 11
Socio-economic Vulnerabilities, Youth and Gender Development ......................................................... 11
ACTION PLAN ............................................................................................................................................. 12
Water ....................................................................................................................................................... 13
Adaptation measures .......................................................................................................................... 13
Agriculture and Livestock ........................................................................................................................ 20

Mitigation measures ............................................................................................................................ 28
Forestry .................................................................................................................................................... 30
Mitigation measures ............................................................................................................................ 34
Disaster Preparedness ............................................................................................................................ 36
Vulnerable Ecosystems ........................................................................................................................... 39
Health ...................................................................................................................................................... 47
Socio-economic Measures ...................................................................................................................... 49
Energy ..................................................................................................................................................... 50
Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................................................ 50
Transport ................................................................................................................................................. 55
Industry .................................................................................................................................................... 58
Urban Planning ........................................................................................................................................ 60
Adaptation and Mitigation Measures ................................................................................................... 60
Waste Sector Mitigation Measures .......................................................................................................... 63
Youth and Gender Development ............................................................................................................. 66
Adaptation Measures .......................................................................................................................... 66

PREFACE
The anthropogenic greenhouse gas GHG emissions have increased since the industrial era leading
to global warming and large-scale shifts in weather patterns, altogether referred to as “climate
change”. Globally, scientific evidence suggests the change in precipitation, increased occurrence
of droughts and heatwaves, augmented intensity and frequency of hurricanes, sea level rise,
melting glaciers and arctic ice are all because of the climate change. These effects are also being
observed in Pakistan where historical data confirms that Pakistan has faced 152 climate-induced
disasters between 1999 – 2018 and hence was ranked 5th most vulnerable country to the impacts
of climate change in 2020. Pakistan is facing threats because of recession of Hindu Kush-
Karakoram-Himalayan (HKH) glaciers threatening water inflows into Indus River System,
increased temperature, and sea-level rise causing increase in frequency and intensity of extreme
weather events, coupled with erratic monsoon rains resulting in frequent and intense floods,
droughts resulting in enhanced heat- and water-stressed conditions, particularly in arid and semi-
arid regions, impacting agriculture productivity negatively, decrease in the already scanty forest
cover from rapid change in climatic conditions, increased intrusion of saline water in the Indus
delta, adversely affecting coastal agriculture, mangroves and breeding grounds of fish and
increased health risks due to climate-induced factors. Pakistan was one of the first South Asian
country to formulate a dedicated Ministry of Climate Change and adopted National Climate
Change Policy in 2012 to deal with the climate-induced issues.
Understanding that both risks and vulnerability are systemic and interconnected, 17 Sustainable
Development Goals SDGs were designed to achieve a better and sustainable future for all in 2015
by UN General Assembly. Pakistan was the first country to adopt SDGs 2030 agenda through a
unanimous resolution of the Parliament of Pakistan and developed Vision 2025 aligned with the
SDGs. Further, to deal with the concerns of climate change, a legally binding international treaty
was signed at Conference of Parties COP21 in Paris, hence referred to as the Paris Agreement. The
aim of the treaty is to limit the global warming to well below 2 °C, preferably to 1.5 °C compared
to pre-industrial levels. Pakistan became signatory to the Paris agreement in 2016 and as obliged
by the agreement submitted its first Nationally Determined Contributions NDCs with an aim to
reduce country’s emissions by 20% and take action to adapt to changing climate by 2030. These
commitments were aligned with the country’s National Climate Change Policy and Vision 2025.
The on-ground action dictated by these policy frameworks and commitments led to the emergence
of Pakistan as one of the countries to have achieve SDG-13 Climate Action in 2020. This is the
first time Pakistan has achieved any SDG goal. According to SDG report 2020, Pakistan’s SDG
index score improved from 54.9 in 2018 to 56.2 in 2020. Additionally, Pakistan’s ranking fell from
5th most vulnerable to 8th position in 2021 Germanwatch Climate risk index. To carry-on this
momentum, Ministry of Climate Change is determined to aid provinces to mainstream these
policies and commitments in their mandates. Thus, the action plan provides a comprehensive
framework to support the province to maximize the efforts on adaptation and mitigation actions in
agriculture, water resources, forestry, wildlife and fisheries, health, energy, transport, industry,
waste and urban planning sectors.
INTRODUCTION
Punjab is most populous and second most urbanized province of the country. It is recognized as
the breadbasket of Pakistan. The province is semi-arid to arid and mostly consist of plains. The
province of Punjab contributes significantly in terms of agricultural output as the five rivers cross
through the Punjab which acts as a source of water for irrigation. In the North-west region of
Punjab lies some hilly areas which are surrounded by Potohar Plateau. The Potohar Plateau extends
into alluvial agricultural plains that eventually ends up into the desert belt of Cholistan. The Punjab
comprises of 9 divisions which are further segmented into 36 districts, as shown in the Figure 1.
The Punjab has a climate that ranges from severely hot summers to moderate foggy winters. The
province receives water by rainfalls during summer monsoons and from the five rivers that flows
longitudinally through the province and which are Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Sutlej and Indus. From
the period of May to July, the province experiences hot summers, followed by the monsoon rainfall
during the months of August to September. These monsoon rainfalls originate from Bay of Bengal
and becomes the reason for breaking the heat spell and for causing the precipitation in the northern
areas of the province. Contrary, the southern region of the province receive rainfall from the
southwest winds that comes from over the Arabian Sea.
Figure 1 Map of districts of Punjab (Source: Government of Pakistan)

Zonal Distribution of Punjab
Based on the availability of water, the province has been divided into four agro-ecological zones
by Pakistan Agricultural Research Council1. The description of these zones is mentioned in the
Table 1.
Table 1: Zonal distribution of Punjab
Zone Description of Land Major districts
A Irrigated Plains: Cotton zone, Central mixed Rajanpur, Rahimyar Khan, Bawalnagar, Lahore,
zone, Rice Zone Sheikhupura, Gujranwala, Kasur
B Barani Region: High rainfall, low rainfall Rawalpindi, Attock, Chakwal
C Irrigated zone, arid zone Layyah, Bhakkar, Mianwali, Khushab
D Suleiman Mountains, Rud-I-Kohi, Cholistan Dera Ghazi Khan, Bahawalpur, Rahim Yar Khan
Impacts of Climate Change in Punjab

In Pakistan, during the last few decades, the annual average temperature has increased by
approximately 0.5 °C2, leading to frequent heat waves in the country. The analysts have projected
that there will be a significant increase in demand for irrigation water and household energy due
to elevated evaporation rates and regular use of air conditioners, respectively. In terms of death
toll, Pakistan has experienced 174,000 deaths during 1995-2014 as a result of dangerous climatic
events. On the other hand, in terms of monetary loss, Pakistan faced an economic loss of US$ 26
billion during the same duration 3.
Like other provinces of Pakistan, Punjab also suffered from the impacts of climate change. The
impacts of climate change resulted in the gradual alterations in the weather and food production
patterns as well as the abrupt devastating weather events which include flash floods due to the
heavy rainfall, droughts due to water scarcity and stress and extended heat waves. All these
catastrophic events have brought upon the following changes in the province of Punjab.
Temperature changes
It has been reported by IPCC AR 5 4, that the whole globe has experienced an increase in the surface
temperature. In Punjab, this change in the temperature has resulted in extended summers and short
and moderate winters, thus, substantially affecting the agricultural output of the province.
Furthermore, warming of surface has also increased the incidences of heat waves in the southern
1 Punjab Climate Change Policy-2017. Accessed at:

https://epd.punjab.gov.pk/system/files/PCCP%20Draft%20%28internatl%29_0.pdf
2 Chaudhry, Q.U.Z., 2017. Climate change profile of Pakistan. Asian Development Bank.
3 TIU, 2014 Accessed at:
https://www.academia.edu/35243533/CLIMATE_RISK_MANAGEMENT_FRAMEWORK_FOR_BUSINESS_OR
GANIZATIONS_IN_PAKISTAN
4 IPCC, 2014. Climate Change 2014 Synthesis Report
region of the Punjab. Lastly, due to increased evaporation of water because of global warming, the
monsoon rainfall will be more intense which can increase the likelihood of floods in lower areas
of Zone A and major portions of Zone C and D.
Precipitation changes
Huge volumes of water from the upper part of the Punjab, due to severe rainfall over a shorter
duration of time, will result in flash flooding that will negatively impact the western areas of the
zones of Punjab. Whereas, the floodplains located downstream – where significant population lives
and which is main the main hub of agricultural activity due to the alluvial soil – are affected by
the riverine floods. Intense rainfall can also result in the erosion of soil and stripping of nutrients
from the soil. Moreover, drought has affected the crop yield in the lower areas of Zone A and
higher areas of Zone D, as these regions receive less rainfall.
Changes in food production
As compared to other provinces, this impact has affected Punjab significantly as majority of the
agricultural activities occur in this province. Due to the change in weather patterns, temperature
fluctuates and rainfall events become more unpredictable. As a result, changes in the type of crop
and amount of agricultural yield are observed. Rise in temperature in the northern region of
province results in the increased agricultural yield. While in the central and southern part of the
province, increase in temperature together with water shortage reduces the crop yield. Farmers
also suffers from frequent insect infestation as warmer humid climate favors the breeding of
insects. These changes in the food production combined with natural calamities such as droughts
and floods can create food security issues in the province.
Shifting weather patterns
People and flora and fauna of Punjab can be seriously affected by the altered weather patterns
which include intense rainfall and rise in temperature. Warmer climate encourages the growth of
forest insects that results in the weakening of the trees. Likewise, droughts also cause the similar
weakening effect. Rise in temperature also promotes the growth of viruses and bacteria and can
create health risks for the people, particularly those who consume polluted water. Lastly, droughts
and floods play an important role in causing the shortage of potable drinking water.
Loss of biodiversity
Climate change also pose a threat to diversity of species. Alteration in the precipitation and
temperature patterns brings about changes in the ecosystems which is a habitat to many forest,
bird, mammal, and insect species. Not many plant species are able to adapt themselves to the abrupt
changes in the climate. Similar is the case with mammals. Furthermore, changes in the ecosystems
can cause changes in the feeding pattern of animals which weaken them and ultimately end up into
their extinction5.
5 IPCC. (2014a). Climate Change 2014, Synthesis Report, Summary for policymakers. IPCC
People and Society
Climate change also affects the way the people live. People have to come up with measures and
strategies that will not only mitigate the impacts of climate change but will also reduce the rate of
climate change itself. Human health, livelihood, infrastructure and culture are substantially
affected by the extreme weather events due to climate change. Climate change also results in the
displacement of people due to the loss of infrastructure and livelihood.
SITUATION ANALYSIS
Below mentioned thread is the brief summary of the situation analysis of the impacts of climate
change on different thematic groups together with the strategies for translating national climate
change policy into provincial policy. The measures suggested are based on the climate change
policy, capability of relevant government institutes and resources available for the execution of
these measures.
Water
Water resources in Punjab are utilized in the households, power generation, industries and
agriculture. Surface water exist in the form of lakes, rivers, streams, springs and precipitation.
Whereas, groundwater is present in the alluvial deposits and aquifers. Agricultural is the main
activity of the Province and accounts for more than 95 % consumption of freshwater resources of
Pakistan6. 74.1 % of total irrigated land of Pakistan is situated in Punjab and is responsible for
supplying more than 50 % of total agricultural outcome of Pakistan 7. As per Climate Change
Commission, water table in Punjab is continuously declining and this deteriorating water resources
will severely affect the water use in the province, particularly for agriculture.
Punjab is considered as the breadbasket of Pakistan; however, climate change can decrease the
agricultural yield and aggravate the shortage of water in the province. Water resources are
susceptible to floods, increase in the occurrence and severity of extreme weather events, and
deterioration in water quality. Lack of proper drainage system resulted in the choking of the Indus
Basin’s huge irrigation structure through water logging and salinity 8. Furthermore, due to
inadequate irrigation practices, huge amount of groundwater is extracted to supplement surface
water supplies, thus increasing the salinity of groundwater. There exist some hurdles in the
implementation of policies in Punjab which are lack of coordination, lack of technical
professionals, lack of storage reservoir for conserving water and lack of historical data.
Agriculture and Livestock

Punjab constitutes around 69 % of the total cropped area and 57 % of the total cultivated land of
Pakistan. Punjab is responsible for providing 80 % of wheat, 83 % of cotton, 97 % of fine aromatic
rice, 51 % of maize and 63 % of sugar cane to the national food production. Whereas, the province
accounts for 66 % of mangoes, 34 % of dates, 82 % of guavas and more than 95 % of citrus fruits
to the national production of fruits 9.
The impacts of climate change such as environmental and land degradation, water scarcity, crop
failure, ineffective use of agricultural inputs, and reduced crop yield have resulted in the lowering
6 Asian Water Development Outlook (2007). Country Paper Pakistan

7 Punjab Development Statistics, 2014, retrieved from: http://bos.gop.pk/system/files/Dev-2014.pdf
8 Qureshi, A. S., McCornick, P. G., Qadir, M., & Aslam, Z. (2008). Managing salinity and waterlogging in the Indus
Basin of Pakistan. Agricultural Water Management, 95(1), 1-10.

9 (www.agripunjab.gov.pk).
of agricultural share of the province from 31 % to 20 %10. In Punjab, agricultural activities are
performed by making use of river basins, adopting canal farming and harnessing hill torrents in
some areas, all of which can be serious affected by the impacts of climate change. Agriculture
sector is also responsible for emitting huge amount of greenhouse gases (GHG) into the
atmosphere. Making the land available for agricultural by deforestation also reduces the potential
of soil to sequester carbon. Lastly, rapid urbanization also makes the fertile land unavailable for
carrying out agricultural activities.
Livestock in Punjab, accounts for two third of total milk production of Pakistan. The sector is
responsible for providing livelihoods to 75 % of rural population of the province11. Livestock has
the potential for development, as 75 % of the Punjab population is involved in this sector. Its
growth rate is 4 % more than the agriculture and industries. Its contribution towards GDP is 55 %
as compared to the 22 % by agriculture. 85 % of livestock farming and 64 large scale industries
rely on the animal by-products such as milk, tannery, meat, gelatin etc. Livestock is essential for
maintaining food security and ensuring the quality and safety of livestock can minimize health
bills by 71 %12. In Punjab, livestock is used to obtain dairy products, manure, and meat, for
transportation and as farm help. The livestock typically found in Punjab are sheep, goats, camel,
poultry, horses, donkeys, mules, buffalo and cattle.
Forestry
Forests cover about 3.26 % of total area of the Punjab and include Scrub Forest (40.7 %), Irrigated
Plantation (25.6 %), Range Lands (12.2 %), Riverine Forest (10.6 %) and Coniferous Forest (6.8
%). National Forest Policy has urged different provinces of Pakistan to increase their forest covers,
minimize deforestation, incorporate economies into forestry, and to conservation of ecosystems 13.
In Punjab, forest cover is threatened by deforestation, timber mafia and land grabbing groups. The
provincial department of forest has taken number of steps to expand the forest cover, some of them
are listed below:
• More than 4000 acres of afforestation is carried out annually through the development and
non-development budget of Punjab Forest Department.
• The department is working on the rehabilitation of seven major irrigated plantation of the
province by afforesting 2000 acres of land in blank areas.
• Plantation in small segments of blank areas in Murree Forest Division
10 Punjab Growth Strategy 2018 (PGS), (2015) retrieved from: http://www.theigc.org/wp-

content/uploads/2015/04/Punjab-Growth-Strategy-2018-Full-report.pdf
11 Planning and Development Department. (2015). Punjab Growth Strategy 2018. Lahore: Government of Punjab.
13 Ministry of Climate Change. (2016). National Forest Policy 2015. Retrieved from FAOLEX:
http://faolex.fao.org/docs/pdf/pak149130.pdf
• The department has launched a scheme for planting private farmlands by trees through 70
% subsidy over an area of 3000 acres.
• A special initiative of Prime Minister of Pakistan, under the name of Green Pakistan
Programme has been launched. This program aims to cover 10,000 acres of blank areas
with plants by next 5 years. Half of the cost of this initiative will be borne by the Federal
Government.
Disaster Preparedness
Almost every year, the province of Punjab suffers from devastating floods and droughts that results
in massive causalities and displacement of millions. According to the Disaster Risk Management
Plan of 2008, the most frequently occurring natural hazards in Punjab are heat waves, floods,
droughts, earthquakes and storms while human induced hazards comprise of fire, terrorism, civil
unrest, health epidemics, sectarian violence, industrial accidents and road, rail and air accidents.
Climate change will further increase the likelihood of these calamities. 21 million people were
affected by the unexpected flood of 2010, out of which 8.6 million were children. Furthermore,
8.4 million acres of crop and 2 million homes were also destroyed by the flood 14. Thus, the above-
mentioned hazards have serious impacts on Punjab’s economic growth and sustainable
development.
Vulnerable Ecosystem
Not many extreme mountainous ranges lie in Punjab, but still, it comprises of numerous
ecosystems. Three protected wetlands are situated in Punjab which are Taunsa Barrage in
Muzaffargarh, Chasma Barrage in Mianwali and Uchhali Complex in Khushab. Punjab is also a
home to main deserts of Pakistan which are Cholistan and Thal desert. Cholistan desert covers the
districts of Rahim Yar Khan, Bahwalnagar and Bahawalpur whereas, Thal desert covers Layyah,
Jhang, Khushab, Bhakkar, Muzaffargarh and Mianwali districts. These deserts provide livelihoods
to nearby communities, which depend on canals and tube wells for the cultivation of their land.
Due to the dependency of communities on natural ecosystems, health and livelihood of poor
people, and food security will be substantially affected by the climate change impacts.
Health
In Punjab, considerable health centers are located, however, due to over population, these facilities
in insufficient. 30 % of the province population lives in urban areas while, the remaining 70 %
resides in rural areas 15. Numerous diseases are prevalent in Punjab due to poor water quality and
inadequate sanitation infrastructure. It has been reported that malnutrition is one of the serious
concerns that plagues the province, particularly in children. Poor health standards exist due to lack

15 Health Department. (2016, April). Punjab Health Profile. Retrieved from Health Department :
http://health.punjab.gov.pk/Punjab_Health_Profile
of education especially among women, poverty, insufficient health facilities and low budget
allocation towards health initiatives. Climate change can further exacerbate the poor situation of
health in Punjab. In order to improve the health conditions, government of Punjab, has initiated
the upgradation of many health centers, HR training institutes and disease control programs
(Tuberculosis, AIDs) in various districts of Punjab. Other such schemes involve Health Sector
Reform Programme, Punjab Devolved Social Services Programme, Chief Minister’s Initiative of
Primary Health Care, and Punjab Resource Management Programme 16.
Energy
At present, Punjab face a supply-demand gap of 4,000 MW17 and which is growing at the rate of
6% each year. About 68 % of generated power and gas is consumed by Punjab. Pakistan’s current
energy mix is inefficient and expensive; therefore, government of Pakistan is investing in
renewable energy projects to improve the energy mix. These projects include Quaid-e-Azam, solar
park, hydropower projects under REDSIP, and projects under “Access to Clean Energy investment
Project” and many more. In order to comply with the National Power Generation Policy (2015),
Energy department is striving to minimize the dependency on coal for power and to claim Carbon
credits under Clean Development Mechanism (CDM). Reducing the demand and supply gap is not
an easy task as it involves number of obstacles such as financial constraints, lack of capacity of
government officials, low involvement of private sector, lack of data, and weak regulations.
The energy sector has a significant potential for minimizing the GHG emissions, if major chunk
of energy mix constitutes renewable energy. Efficiently utilizing the energy will create less
environmental impacts and improved health. However, limited expertise and experience on energy
conservation and energy efficiency are the hurdles in the implementation of policies regarding the
development of energy sector in the province.
Transport
In Punjab, with the increase in the demand of motorized urban transport, the GHG emissions
associated with it have also been increased. On one hand, government is launching numerous
projects to improve the quality and accessibility of public transport, particularly in urban centers,
whereas on the other hand, government is supporting initiatives such as Rozgar scheme which puts
more vehicles on the road, thereby increasing the GHG emissions. As per PGS 2014, inefficient
public transport in fastly growing cities of Punjab has put pressure on private transport providers.
The transport department of Punjab is looking for ways for providing sustainable transport. In
order to develop climate-resilient transport sector, standards on vehicular emissions have to be
updated. Information on low-carbon transport alternatives and their cost effectiveness,
strengthening of regulatory frameworks, encouraging cleaner fuel mix and climate risk planning
can aid in the achieving sustainability and reducing GHG emissions from the transport sector.
16 Government of Punjab. (2013). Health Sector Strategy. Islamabad: Technical Resource Facility.
17 MW: Megawatts
Industry
Punjab industrial sector provides employment opportunities to 23 % of province labor force and
accounts for 24 % of total provincial GDP. More than 48,000 huge industrial units are located in
Punjab. Almost 90 % of private enterprises are small and medium in size and employ around 78
% of Punjab’s non-agricultural workforce. Overall, the province is a home to 39,000 small and
cottage size industrial units 18.
Urban Planning
Punjab is the second most urbanized province of Pakistan. More than half of the population of
Punjab lives in the five main cities namely, Lahore, Rawalpindi, Faisalabad, Multan and
Gujranwala19. Major chunk of Punjab’s population resides in informal settlements, where
availability of municipal services is close to none. Numerous economic and employment
opportunities in urban areas forces rural to urban migration causing over population of urban areas
and deterioration of air and water quality. Urban planning is of utmost importance as the rural to
urban migration is expected to increase. In context of urban planning, government of Punjab has
put its focus on the improvement of water supply, drainage, sewage and sanitation, solid waste
management and vehicular emissions. If due importance is not given to urban planning, then it can
lead to environmental impacts in the urban centers which include water scarcity, energy crisis and
air pollution. However, proper management of urban land and spatial planning can mitigate the
above-mentioned environmental concerns.
Socio-economic Vulnerabilities, Youth and Gender Development

Climate factors are considered to have a powerful bearing in terms of effecting the economic
growth and subsequently contributing to poverty. Not only the existing socio-economic capacities
of the population is also challenged by the climate change impacts but the drivers causing the
climate change are also due to socio-economic vulnerabilities of the poor people. 58.7 million
People in Pakistan are living below the poverty line and 19% of them are in Punjab. The occurrence
of poverty in Punjab is more concentrated in the Southern districts of the province, such as
Rajanpur, Muzaffargarh, Layyah, Lodhran, Pakpattan, DG khan and Bahawalpur. For Punjab to
build its resilience to Climate Change, it is vital to eradicate poverty in these regions.
Pakistan is one of the youngest countries in the world. Currently, it has the largest generation of
young people ever recorded in national history; 68% of Pakistanis are below the age of 30, and
27% are aged between 15 and 2920. Since young people form the biggest segment of the society,

20 Pakistan National Human Development Report-2017. Accessed at

https://www.pk.undp.org/content/pakistan/en/home/library/human-development-reports/PKNHDR.html
they can play a significant role as agents of change in development of the country and tackling
climate change.
The women of Pakistan, are generally at disadvantage when compared with their male
counterparts. Women, particularly in rural areas, have restricted access to opportunities and
resources. For instance, the child enrolment rate of female students, in primary schools, in urban
areas is greater than rural areas, and almost matches with the male child enrolment rate. Similarly,
21 % of female population as compared to 18 % of male population has education below primary
level. In recent years, the participation of women in Labour force has increased considerably. 54
% of women are employed in agricultural sector 21. Apart from agriculture sector, women
participation has also increased in electronics, knitting, garments and other informal sectors.
In the absence of comprehensive and efficient climate change response plan, it will be difficult to
achieve sustainable development in the country, due to severe social and economic impacts of
climate change. In recent years, Pakistan has experienced catastrophic drought and flood events,
which have resulted in massive death toll, forced migration, damage to the infrastructure and
livelihoods of public. Even the agricultural sector was not safe from the effects of these extreme
events and have resulted in low crop yield, disease, food insecurity, poverty, and socio-economic
disadvantage. Damage to agricultural sector also has severe consequences on women livelihood,
as more than 50 % of farm labor is comprised of women. Women are involved in cattle rearing,
onshore fishing and horticulture. In addition to this, women also participate in other domestic
activities, such as collection of firewood, water and fodder. Global warming has exacerbated the
crisis of water, fodder and firewood, which has caused an increase in the workload, time and
participation of women for performing these tasks, thus increasing their exposure to severe weather
conditions.
Climate change is interconnected with many other issues, in terms of its impacts and mitigation
strategies. Consumption of natural resources, such as, water, land, soil and energy, health and air
pollution are linked with climate change. Due to the interconnectivity of climate change impacts,
the response plan for climate change cannot be addressed alone. All the growth strategies and
provincial policies, should incorporate climate change adaptation and mitigation measures in them.
Furthermore, the component of gender development and equality should be mainstreamed in the
climate change policy while taking into account the vulnerability of women, gender inequality and
different impacts of climate change on gender.
ACTION PLAN
To meet the targets of SDGs, the province of Punjab still does not have the policy and legal tools
that are required for linking itself to the global paradigm of SDGs. It was anticipated that the 18 th
amendment would result in legal and policy reforms that would aid the province in formulating
21 Labour Force Survey 2014-2015. Accessed at:

https://www.pbs.gov.pk/sites/default/files//Annual%20Report%20of%20LFS%202014-15.pdf
and implementing disaster risk reduction and climate mitigation strategies, unfortunately nothing
has happened yet. Punjab’s aim should be to devise more province specific laws and policies that
are in accordance with Climate Change Act and National Climate Change Policy (NCCP). In
addition to NCCP, Pakistan has priorities defined under the Nationally Determined Contributions
NDCs. Most recently the Prime Minister in his speech at the ‘UN Climate Ambition Summit’ in
December 2020 has set the direction of Pakistan’s pathway to decarbonizing the country’s
economy. He declared that 60 percent of all energy produced in the country by 2030 will be ‘clean
and through renewable resources, thirty percent of all the country’s vehicles will be electric
vehicles and that Pakistan will no longer pursue coal power plants. These broad pronouncements
are in addition to “Billion Tree Tsunami Forestation Initiative” can provide the country’s
roadmap for decarbonization and achievement of NDCs goals. These laws and policies will ensure
that the climate action is incorporated in the development planning, particularly for socially and
economically vulnerable communities of the society and the sectors on which their livelihood
depends upon.
This action plan covers the strategies and measures for identified sectors to mainstream NCCP in
to provincial action plans. The actions are divided under the objectives of the NCCP Framework
and categorized as:
Priority Actions: within 2-years,

Short term Actions: within 5-years,
Medium term Actions: within 10-years and
Long term Actions: within 20-years.
Water
Pakistan has been ranked as third most water stressed country by IMF where in 1947, per capita
water availability was 5000 cubic meters, which has currently decreased to around 1000 cubic
meter, and projected to decrease to 800 cubic meters per capita by the year 2025 22. Water resources
are essential for survival of the people in the province, not only this but they also play a crucial
role in the agro-based livelihoods of millions of people in Punjab.
Adaptation measures
22
a)Framework for implementation of Climate Change Policy, 2013; b)Nabi, Ghulam, Murad Ali, Suliman Khan,
and Sunjeet Kumar. "The crisis of water shortage and pollution in Pakistan: Risk to public health, biodiversity, and
ecosystem." Environmental science and pollution research 26, no. 11 (2019): 10443-10445.c) Aziz D, Masood A,
Hashmi Z (2018) Turning the tide, The News International. https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/328174-turning-the-
tide. Accessed 8/02/2021
The following proposed adaptation measures will help mainstream NCCP Framework in to
provincial action plan:
Actions Priority Implementing

Partners
Strategy 1.1: Providing incentives for adoption of more efficient irrigation

techniques
1. Promote the preparation of water conservation Priority Local government

strategies. and Rural
Development
Department, EPA23
2. Enhance capacity of line departments and private Short-term Punjab Irrigation

sector to develop indigenously low-cost energy and department,
water efficient devices such as trickle and sprinkle Agriculture
irrigation system. department
3. Ongoing canal lining be completed on priority to Short-term Punjab Irrigation

reduce irrigation losses department,
Agriculture
department, Local
government
4. Revisit the existing cropping pattern to conserve Short-term Agriculture

maximum water department
5. Facilitate technology transfer to small farmers by Short-term Municipalities,

giving them incentives through subsidies etc. Local government,
Agriculture
department
6. Take appropriate measures for construction of Medium- Punjab Irrigation

additional storage capacity while ensuring minimum term department, Local
base flows in all rivers. government
7. Explore the option of fixing the irrigation water Medium- Same as above
pricing for generating the financial resources for the term
regular sustainability of irrigation infrastructure
23 EPA: Environmental Protection Agency

Strategy 1.2: Developing local rainwater harvesting measures
1. Estimate rainwater capturing potential of areas near Priority Municipalities, Local

villages and agricultural farms. government,
Agriculture
department
2. Promote rain harvesting both in rural and in urban areas Priority Local government and
as well as at household level. Rural Development
Department,
Municipalities
3. Strengthen community capacity in rainwater harvesting Short-term Municipalities, EPA

practices at household / village / local level.
4. Incorporate rain water harvesting systems in building Medium-term EPA, Local

bye-laws government
Strategy 1.3: Enhancing public awareness to underscore the importance of

conservation and sustainable use of water resources.
1. Plan regular media campaigns and hold seminars and Priority Water Conservation
workshops to highlight importance of conservation and Campaign Groups,
sustainable use of water resources at all levels. Electronic and
Print Media,
Academia
2. Support the NGOs and Civil Society organizations to Priority NGOs, CSOs24, Water
highlight conservation and judicious use of water Conservation
resources. Campaign Groups
3. Initiate joint ventures, involving the line departments, Priority Water Conservation
civil society, academia as well as print and electronic Campaign Groups,
media, to create mass awareness among the general Electronic and
public regarding water conservation, water availability,
Print Media,
drainage system and other water related issues.
Academia, CSOs
Strategy 1.4: Ensuring that water allocations are made according to changes
in sectoral demands caused by climate change.
24 CSO: Civil Society Organizations

1. Identify the medium- and long-term future water needs Short-term Provincial water
of each sector regulatory authorities,
Water &Power
Development
Authority, Urban
Water Supply
Departments, Town
planning departments,
Municipal Authorities
2. Re-adjust water allocation according to future projected Short-term Same as above

water demand for each sector of the economy.
3. Encourage community participation and empowerment Short-term Same as above

in planning, implementation, monitoring and operation &
maintenance of water supply systems.
Strategy 1.5: Protecting groundwater through management and technical

measures like regulatory frameworks, water licensing, artificial recharge
especially for threatened aquifers.
1. Identify the locations, quality and quantity of Short-term Provincial water

groundwater resources available in the province regulatory authorities,
Water &Power
Development
Authority, Urban
Water Supply
Departments
2. Prepare a groundwater integrated water resources Short-term Provincial water

management plan for each aquifer by location at district regulatory authorities,
and tehsil level Water &Power
Development
Authority, Urban
Water Supply
Departments,
3. Develop regulatory frameworks and water licensing to Priority EPA, Provincial water
control groundwater depletion and degradation and to regulatory authorities
ensure its rational exploitation
4. Promote and standardized water-saving plumbing Short-term Water &Power
equipment and water efficient techniques and appliances
Development
Authority, Urban
Water Supply
Departments
Strategy 1.6: Developing wastewater recycling and its reuse in agriculture,

artificial wetlands and groundwater recharge.
1. Design the technology and estimate the cost of proper Short-term Provincial water
treatment of wastewater regulatory authorities,
Urban Water Supply
Departments
2. Identify the sources and estimate the amount of Short-term Provincial water
wastewater available for recycling in the province regulatory authorities,
Urban Water Supply
Departments,
Municipal authorities
3. Install waste water treatment plants at all the urban Short-term Urban Water Supply
sewerage system Departments,
Municipal authorities
4. Promote reuse of drain water in rural and urban areas Short-term Same as above
Strategy 1.7: Encouraging active participation of farmers in water

management along with line departments.
1. Identify the line departments and civil society Priority Irrigation

organizations that could train and mobilize the farmer’s Departments,
community to participate in management and distribution Agriculture
of irrigation water Departments, Urban
Water Supply
Departments
2. Promote public-private partnership for enhancing access Short-term Urban Water Supply
of safe drinking water and sustainable operation & Departments,
maintenance of water supply systems. Municipal authorities
Strategy 1.8: Distributing water according to crop sowing timing.

1. Estimate the water available and crops water Short-term Irrigation
requirements during sowing and planting season Departments,
Agriculture
Departments, Urban
Water Supply
Departments
2. Decide the allocated water share for crop sowing Short-term Same as above
according to their planting season
3. Allocate, on priority, water required for drinking and Priority Urban Water Supply
industrial use Departments, Water
&Power
Development
Authority
Strategy 1.9: Developing contingency plans for short-term measures to adapt

to water shortages that could help to mitigate drought.
1. Identify the areas that could be severely affected from Priority Agriculture land
seasonal or prolonged drought management
departments, Town
planning departments
2. Identify water storage capacity of that region Short-term Same as above
3. Allocate water from existing gross national water Short-term Agriculture land
availability to water storages that could help mitigate management
drought in these affected areas. departments, Town
planning departments,
Urban Water Supply
Departments, Water
&Power
Development
Authority
Strategy 1.10: Legislating and Enforcing laws and regulations required for
efficient water resource management, conservation and groundwater
regulatory framework.
1. Review all relevant existing legislation to identify Priority EPA, Provincial water
deficiencies in relation to water conservation and regulatory authorities,
management Provincial Irrigation
Department,
Provincial Agriculture
Department
2. Amend and enact new laws, wherever needed, to achieve Priority Same as above
effective water resources management in agriculture,
domestic and industrial sectors
3. Effectively enforce all environmental laws, concerning Short-term Same as above

water conservation and water protection, through
provincial EPA
4. Conduct review and harmonize existing legislations, Short-term Same as above

polices and plans in water sector to include climate
change adaptation and mitigation measures
Strategy 1.11: Strengthening the present hydrological network to monitor

river flows and flood warning systems.
1. Initiate a complete assessment of the hydrological Priority Water &Power

network to highlight any shortcomings in the monitoring
Development
of river flow changes and flood warning
Authority, City
Development
Authorities,
Meteorological
Department
2. Plan enhancement for the hydrological network Short-term Water &Power

monitoring system, based on this assessment.
Development
Authority, City
Development
Authorities
Strategy 1.12: Developing and extending technologies and techniques of

domestic and drinking water saving.
1. Introduce and popularize domestic and drinking water Priority EPA, Municipal
conservation techniques and technologies Authorities
2. Promote installation of water meters to check the Short-term Municipal Authorities,
indiscriminate use of drinking water supplies Water &Power
Development
Authority
3. Promote cost effective and appropriate technologies Short-term Municipal Authorities,

options for water supply systems Water &Power
Development
Authority
Strategy 1.13: Enhancing water storage capacities.
1. Identify new potential dam sites Short-term Water Resource

Management
Authority, NESPAK
2. Ensure that these sites are not used for construction Short-term Same as above
projects other than agriculture and forestry, to keep
options open to develop new dams, should they be
needed
3. Undertake detailed feasibility and design studies with Short-term Same as above
cost estimates of the proposed new dams
Strategy 1.14: Enhancing water storage capacities.
1. Assess the possibilities and range of expected extreme Priority Meteorological

weather events Department
2. Assess the range and potential of the existing irrigation Short-term Provincial Irrigation
infrastructure to sustain these extreme events.
Departments
3. Re-model and up-grade existing irrigation infrastructures Medium-term Same as above

to the projected range of expected extreme weather
events
Agriculture and Livestock

Adaptation measures
Partners
Strategy 2.1: Developing a risk management system to safeguard against crop

failures due to extreme climatic events e.g., floods and droughts.
1. Setup agricultural production surveillance system in various Priority Provincial Agriculture

arid, semi-arid and other vulnerable areas to categorize them Extension
according to their vulnerability to extreme climate change Department, Arid
events Agriculture
Departments,
Provincial Crops
Department
2. Involve the farming community to manage the local risk Priority Same as above
identification process and the safeguard methods
3. Develop and introduce research-based drought resistance Short-term Arid Agriculture

crop varieties University
Rawalpindi,
Agriculture
universities in the
province, Provincial
Agriculture
Research Institutions,
Provincial Crops
Department
Strategy 2.2: Discouraging conversion of fertile agriculture land for purposes

other than agriculture.
1. Make viable legislation to discourage the indiscriminate Short-term Provincial Agriculture

conversion of agriculture land for town planning Extension
Department, Arid
Agriculture
Departments
2. Organize awareness campaign for the farmers and other Priority Same as above
relevant stakeholders regarding safe and efficient use of
agriculture land
3. Installation of strong regulation control system with the high Short-term Provincial Crops,
ability to control and capture fertilizer and crop hazard Department, PPD,
chemicals Agriculture
Departments
Strategy 2.3: Encouraging farmers, particularly in rain-fed areas, to avoid

monoculture and plant a variety of heat and drought resistant crops, to
reduce the risk of crop failure.
1. Identify vulnerable areas within the rain-fed agriculture Priority Provincial Agriculture
systems that are prone to increasing heat and drought related Extension
failures of crops Department, Arid
Agriculture
Departments
2. Modify the local market and agriculture extension system to Short-term Same as above
absorb the change in cropping patterns in the rain-fed areas
3. Develop and introduce Short rotation crops and Hybrid maize Short-term Provincial Agriculture
Provincial Crops
Strategy 2.4: Encouraging farmers to adopt agriculture drought management

practices as part of highly variable climate, rather than as unusual natural
disaster.
1. Develop and introduce drought resistant crops Short-term Provincial Agriculture

Provincial Crops
Department
2. Involve the farming community to manage the reoccurring Medium- Provincial Agriculture
drought due to climatic variations term Extension
Department, Arid
Agriculture
Departments
3. Provide incentives for reuse of domestic and sewage water Short-term Provincial Agriculture
for kitchen gardening Extension
Department, Arid
Agriculture
Departments
Strategy 2.5: Ensure the enabling financial environment to farmers to invest

in and adopt the relevant technologies to overcome the climate related
stresses.
1. Enhance the existing financial services for the farming Medium- Provincial Agriculture
community to cater to the technological innovation needed term Extension
due to impending climate change related droughts Department, Arid
Agriculture
Departments
2. Establish institutions that provide information to the farmers Short-term Same as above
regarding finances available for technologies, equipment and
new crops that will be needed in their regions due to climate
change conditions
Strategy 2.6: Ensure availability of quality feed and fodder to livestock to

supplement their grazing in the rangelands.
1. Classify the quality of fodder production and potential of Short-term Veterinary and
rangelands for grazing in the province Livestock Research
Departments,
Livestock, Diary
Development
Departments
2. Develop efficient transport system from feedstock locations Short-term Livestock, Diary
to farm areas to provide these livestock feed and fodder Development
supplement products Departments
3. Minimize livestock impact on vegetation and crops in view Short-term Same as above
of climate change projected stresses
Strategy 2.7: Improving crop productivity by increasing the efficiency of

various agricultural inputs, in particular the input of irrigation water.
1. Research on innovative techniques in cropping patterns to Short-term Arid Agriculture

enhance agricultural productivity under reduced water University
conditions Rawalpindi,
Agriculture
universities in the
Agriculture
Research Institutions
2. Promote sustainable management of Irrigation water and Short-term Provincial Irrigation

rehabilitation of field water-courses through community Departments
participation
3. Discourage traditional flood irrigation practices Medium- Same as above

term
Strategy 2.8: Improving farm practices by adopting modern techniques.
1. Ensure systematic mechanization of farming production Medium- Provincial Irrigation

processes that are based on energy efficient equipment term Departments,
Provincial
Agricultural
Departments,
Extension Department
2. Invest in tools and equipment that increase yields while Medium- Same as above
saving labor to convert to processing and other farming term
activities
Strategy 2.9: Promoting energy efficient farm mechanization to increase

yield, while conserving water and saving labor.
1. Research and introduction of modern and innovative Medium- Arid Agriculture

techniques for farming systems term University
Rawalpindi,
Agriculture
universities in the
Agriculture
2. Introduce inter cropping system (ally cropping) and soil Short-term Provincial Irrigation
conservation techniques Departments,
Provincial
Agricultural
Departments,
Strategy 2.10: Promoting biotechnology in terms of more carbon responsive

crops, improving breeds and production of livestock through genetic
engineering and other relevant fields.
1. Establish Bio-technology Labs in livestock and crop sectors Short-term Crops, Livestock,
Diary Development
Departments
2. Undertake capacity development of concerned provincial Short-term Provincial Crops

institutions for introduction of carbon responses plants and Department
crops
3. Enhance infrastructure to absorb biotechnology and genetic Medium- Crops, Livestock,

engineering for both crops and livestock to improve varieties term Diary Development
and breeds, making them drought resistant Departments
Strategy 2.11: Promoting horizontal expansion of cultivated lands through

development of wastelands and rainwater harvesting through involvement of
local communities.
1. Develop scientific skills to identify cultivable wastelands in Short-term Provincial

the province Agricultural
Departments,
2. Train local communities to harvest rainwater in small ponds Priority Same as above
and dams
3. Develop effective land use planning for agriculture sector Priority Same as above
Strategy 2.12: Developing models for assessment of climate change impacts

on agricultural production systems in all agro-ecological zones.
1. Strengthen capacities of institutions to prepare digital Short-term Arid Agriculture

simulation models of climate change impacting present and University
future agriculture production Rawalpindi, Arid
Agriculture
Departments,
Agriculture
universities in the
Agriculture
2. Undertake assessment of climate change impacts on physical, Priority Same as above

chemical, nutritional and biological aspects of agricultural
production systems in all agro-ecological zones
3. Undertake detailed study of existing agriculture product Priority Same as above

system and develop recommendations for productivity
enhancement
Strategy 2.13: Developing and introducing better breeds of livestock which

have higher productivity and are less prone to the unavoidable impacts of
climate change.
1. Improve veterinary facilities at grass root level to prepare for Priority Livestock, Diary
any livestock epidemics Development
Departments,
Veterinary and
Livestock Research
Departments
2. Develop capacity to use “Embryo Transfer Technology” to Priority Same as above

enhance livestock reproduction
3. Initiate research on developing new breeds of livestock that Medium- Same as above
are less prone to heat stress and more droughts tolerant term
Strategy 2.14: Developing quality datasets on crop, soil and climate-related

parameters to facilitate research work on climate change impact assessment
and productivity projection studies.
1. Develop capacities of Bureau of Statistics, PMD25 and other Short-term Bureau of Statistics
database institutions to compile information on crop, soil and and other data
climate related parameters for different aspects of agricultural collection agencies,
production systems in all agro-ecological zones PMD
25 PMD: Pakistan Meteorological Department

2. Strengthen research facilities at selected agriculture research Short-term Arid Agriculture
institutions on climate change impact assessment and University
agricultural productivity projection studies Rawalpindi, Arid
Agriculture
Departments,
Agriculture
universities in the
Agriculture
Strategy 2.15: Improving nutritional quality of livestock feed.
1. At the farm level improve livestock feed quality by preparing Priority Livestock, Diary
supplements of Multi-Nutrient Blocks (MNB) prepared from Development
urea, molasses, vitamins and minerals Departments,
Veterinary and
Livestock Research
Departments
2. Provincial agriculture research organization and universities Short-term Same as above

to supervise livestock feed and fodder production
enhancement activities
3. Encourage and assist farmers to develop cost-effective Priority Same as above

livestock feed through “Silage Making” techniques and by
using “Urea Treatment” from maize, rice and wheat low
quality roughages
4. Develop and improve rangelands through community Short-term Arid Agriculture

participation
Departments
Strategy 2.16: Establishing Climate Change units in agriculture research

organizations to devise adaptive strategies for projected impacts of climate
change on agriculture.
1. Establish climate change units or centers at agriculture Short-term Provincial Agriculture

research organizations Extension
Department,
2. Establish meteorological and cropping information hubs Priority Provincial Agriculture
Extension
Department, PMD
3. Involve farmers in policy formulation and strategic dialogues Priority Local Government,
municipalities
Strategy 2.17: Improving the extension system to allow effective and timely
communication of weather, climatic predictions and corresponding agro
advices.
1. Develop communication hubs for translation of weather and Priority Electronic & Print
climatic information in local language for the farming Media, Radio Pakistan
community at village and Tehsil level
2. Develop efficient agriculture extension system for Short-term Agriculture Research

establishing an effective communication among farmers and &Extension
relevant government departments
Services Management
Academy, Provincial
Agriculture Extension
Department
Mitigation measures
The following proposed mitigation measures will help mainstream NCCP Framework in to
provincial action plan

Partners
Strategy 2.18: Reducing greenhouse gas emissions through improved

management and techniques in agriculture and livestock sector.
1. Develop and promote best management practices for methane Priority Provincial Agriculture
and nitrogen management in agriculture and livestock sector Extension
Department, Arid
Agriculture
Departments,
Veterinary and
Livestock Research
Departments,
Provincial Crops,
Livestock, Diary
Development
Department
2. Promote optimum use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides Short-term Provincial Agriculture
for achieving mitigation goals Extension
Department, Arid
Agriculture
Departments,
Provincial Crops
Department
3. Arrange pest management training programmes for farmers Short-term Provincial Crops
Department
4. Develop best practices of tillage and soil management that Short-term Provincial Agriculture
improve soil carbon storage Extension
Department, Arid
Agriculture
Departments
5. Introduce low water dependent rice varieties Priority Provincial Crops

Department,
Agriculture
universities in the
province
6. Promote use of green manure in agriculture Priority Provincial Agriculture

Extension
Department, Arid
Agriculture
Departments,
Provincial Crops
Department
7. Identify and promote better manure storage & management Priority Same as above
practices
8. Improve energy use efficiency in agriculture sector to reduce Short-term Provincial Agriculture
carbon emissions Extension
Department, Arid
Agriculture
Departments
9. Develop efficient bio-gas and manure digester for methane Short-term Veterinary and
reduction and energy production Livestock Research
Departments,
Livestock, Diary
Development
Department
10. Initiate cultivation of bio-fuel crops on limited pilot scale to Priority Provincial Agriculture
assess its viability Extension
Department, Arid
Agriculture
Departments,
Provincial Crops
Department
11. Develop and introduce appropriate feedstock mixes and Short-term Crops, Livestock,
additives to reduce methane production from enteric Diary Development
fermentation/ digestion in cattle Department
Strategy 2.19: Develop climate model to predict climate change impact on

agricultural activities at local scale.
1. Develop Institutional capacity of relevant organizations to Priority Provincial Agriculture

run climate models for developing future climate projections Research Institutions
2. Down scale the output of regional climate models to the Short-term Same as above
scale relevant to farmers and local planners
3. Use these climate change scenarios for informed decision Priority Same as above
making in agriculture and livestock sector
Forestry
Adaptation measures

Partners
Strategy 3.1: Addressing the essential knowledge gap about climate change
impact on Punjab’s forests through research on forest adaptation.
1. Undertake ‘forest ecosystem’ based research and map out Short-term Provincial Planning
ecosystems of high and low resilience to climate change and Development
Departments, Relevant
Education & Research
Institutions, Provincial
Forest Departments,
Academia
2. Organize research projects on response of various forest Short-term Same as above

types to increased temperature and drought spells
3. Undertake research on forest pathology and entomology in Short-term Same as above

the vulnerable forest types/ areas to control insect and
disease outbreaks
4. Initiate studies on forest management systems to explore Medium- Same as above

new tools and adaptation options for managing forest areas term
in wake of climate change
5. Develop an appropriate ‘Risk Management Framework’ and Medium- Provincial Planning

include the research findings into it and good practice term and Development
guidance Departments,
Provincial Forest
Departments,
Provincial
Environment
Ministries
Strategy 3.2: Taking appropriate measures to adapt to the projected adverse

impacts of climate change and increase ecological resilience of forest
ecosystems.
1. Take Forest protection measures to reduce the damage from Priority Provincial Forest
forest fires Departments,
Provincial Wildlife
Departments, Office
of the Inspector
General of Forests
2. Promote the use of indigenous and locally adapted plants Priority Same as above
3. Identify appropriate forest management practices to address Medium- Same as above

the likely impacts of climate change based on scientific term
research
4. Enhance forest cover on uphill watershed areas through Priority Same as above
rapid afforestation and reforestation measures on account of
increased intensity of rainfall and flood risks
5. Promote the role of GIS/ RS techniques in mapping climate Priority Provincial Forest
change prone forests, monitoring and implementation of Departments,
ecosystem-based adaptation Provincial Planning
and Development
Departments
Strategy 3.3: Promoting best practices of Sustainable Forest Management

(SFM) via setting appropriate Criteria and Indicators (C&I) to ensure the
social and environmental values and services from forests.
1. Develop and implement criteria and indicators to clearly Short-term Provincial Forest
define SFM; prepare manuals and guidelines to monitor Departments,
progress towards it Provincial Wildlife
Departments,
Provincial
Environment
Departments, EPA
2. Develop and put into practice appropriate forest legislation, Medium- Same as above
regulation and incentives to promote sustainable term
management of forests
3. Facilitate dissemination of best practices and exchange of Priority CSOs, community-

experiences particularly with the forest communities and based organizations,
civil society organizations through networking, workshops, Provincial Forest
seminars, exposure visits Departments
4. Initiate specific projects and programs to promote Priority community based

sustainable use of non-timber forest produce (NTFP) with organizations,
greater participation of the local communities with particular Provincial Forest
focus on livelihood improvement Departments, Office
of the Inspector
General of Forests
5. Integrate land use planning and community participation in Priority Provincial Forest
managing forest lands Departments, Office
of the Inspector
General of Forests
6. Institutional strengthening and re-organization of provincial Medium- Same as above

forest departments to form manageable forest management term
units
7. Take appropriate measures to stop encroachment of the Priority Same as above

forest areas
8. Put emphasis on ‘self-sustenance’ use of forest resources for Short-term Community based
the local communities organizations
Strategy 3.4: Raising awareness among general public, forest communities

and enhancing capacities of forest professionals on forestry and climate
change adaptation.
1. Develop joint programs in partnership with civil society to Priority CSOs, community-
show up the role of forests particularly among the forest based organizations,
dependent communities and students in tackling climate Provincial Forest
change Departments,
Academia
2. Establish ‘Communication’ wings in the relevant ministries Short-term Ministry of

Information and
Telecommunication,
Ministry of
Environment, Ministry
of Education
3. Regularly monitor the public awareness of forestry’s role in Short-term CSOs, community-
helping combat climate change through public opinion’s based organizations
surveys
4. Develop and promote ‘Forest and Climate’ expert groups to Short-term Print and Electronic
deliver newer ideas and information to public, forest Media, Provincial
communities and professional foresters based on latest Forest
research in forestry and climate change
Departments,
Provincial Wildlife
Departments
5. Promote forestry’s role in tackling climate change through Priority Provincial Forest
engagement with appropriate government, sectoral and cross
Departments,
sectoral forums
Provincial Wildlife
Departments, Ministry
of Environment
Mitigation measures

Partners
Strategy 3.5: Building capacities of provincial forest departments and other

stakeholders for effective development and implementation of innovative
mechanisms aiming at avoiding deforestation and enhancing forest carbon
stocks.
1. Make institutional and legislative arrangements to clearly Short-term Planning Commission

define the rights on carbon stored in the forests of Pakistan, Office of
the Inspector General
of Forests, Provincial
Forest department
Departments,
Provincial
Environment
Departments
2. Develop strategy for establishing regulatory, governance and Short-term Planning Commission
law enforcement framework for REDD26 mechanisms in of Pakistan, Office of
consultation with all stakeholders including communities the Inspector General
depending on forests for their livelihoods of Forests, Provincial
Forest department
Departments, CSOs
3. Build capacities of provincial forest department personnel in Short-term Planning Commission

‘Reduced Impact Logging’ (RIL) to minimize damages to of Pakistan, Office of
the Inspector General
26
REDD: Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest
Degradation
forest trees and soil thus so as to save the future carbon of Forests, Provincial
stocks Forest department
Departments,
Provincial
Environment
Departments
4. Provide trainings to professional foresters and staff of Priority Same as above

provincial forest departments on developing documentation
for CDM27 and REDD plus projects
5. Integrate climate change as a compulsory part of forestry Short-term Academia, Research

education system with particular emphasis on understanding institutes, Provincial
the concepts of REDD plus and CDM mechanisms Forest Departments
Strategy 3.6: Developing and implementing mechanisms to avoid

deforestation, reduce carbon emissions and enhance forests’ capability to
sequester more emissions from the atmosphere.
1. Pursue massive afforestation and reforestation programs for Priority Provincial Forest
enhancing the province forest cover and establishing forest Departments,
areas as effective carbon sinks Provincial
Environment
Department
2. Intensively encourage farm forestry and agro-forestry Priority CSOs, Provincial

practices through plantation of multipurpose and fast- Forest Departments
growing tree species to meet the demands of local
population for fuel, timber and fodder for cattle
3. Develop effective mechanisms to avoid illicit cutting of Medium- Provincial Forest

forests and strictly enforce such measures in all forest types term Departments,
of Province. Provincial
Environment
Department
4. Initiate projects and programs to provide alternative fuel and Priority Same as above
livelihood options for forest dependent communities to
compensate avoiding deforestation
27 CDM: Clean Development Mechanism

Strategy 3.7: Developing effective mechanisms to gauge the progress from the
onset and during implementation of the proposed actions.
1. Develop and maintain an appropriate climate change and Short-term Provincial Forest
forestry monitoring framework for the forestry sector Departments,
Provincial
Environment
Departments, EPA
2. Verify the proposed MRV28 system after certain intervals of Medium- Same as above
time if the emission reductions, as part of the REDD term
process, are progressing
3. Publish annual progress reports and make them publically Short-term Same as above
available
Disaster Preparedness
Adaptation measures

Partners
Objective 4.1: Improving awareness of issues related to mitigation of climate

change induced disasters through public participation.
1. Collaborate with the Ministry of National Health Services, Short- Provincial health
Regulations and Coordination to strengthen research on the term department, PDMA29,
linkages between climate change/ gender, disasters and and P&D department
health
2. Make the decision makers aware of the likely increase in the Priority PDMA, PMD
frequency and intensity of natural disasters due to climate
change and the proposed mitigation strategy
28 MRV: Monitoring, Reporting and Verification

29 PDMA: Provincial Disaster Management Authority
3. Develop mechanism to formalize and promote strong Priority Same as above
sectoral coordination among sectors responsible for DRM30
4. Conduct special awareness campaigns for different segments Priority PDMA, WAPDA31,
of society and particularly for those communities living in Community based
vulnerable areas, through radio, TV, print media and organizations
participatory workshops
5. Conduct special emergency handling situation training Short-term NGOs, PDMA, PMD
programmes for NGOs and volunteer organizations;
6. Include disaster management as a discipline in the Short-term Research Institutes,

curriculum of universities PDMA
Objective 4.2: Addressing the important gaps in our knowledge of the natural
processes that cause hazards.
1. Develop remote-sensing and in situ techniques to monitor Medium- PDMA

temperature & moisture contents of the atmosphere at term
different levels using satellite and weather radars etc.
2. Develop capacity of predicting quantitative precipitation Short-term Same as above
3. Improve numerical weather models and visualization Short-term Same as above

techniques to provide accurate and timely products more
usable by forecasters and researchers
4. Improve knowledge and understanding of available Priority Same as above

technologies for disaster reduction among professional
engineers, building contractors etc.
Objective 4.3: Developing hazard zoning and mitigation strategies through

management, formulation and enforcement of regulation and laws.
1. Prepare an integrated natural hazard zoning map of Province Short-term PDMA
2. Identify low floods risk areas for future land use planning Short-term Same as above
3. Identify safe areas for evacuation of people and livestock in Priority Same as above
each vulnerable locality
30 DRM: Disaster Risk Management

31 WAPDA: Water and Power Development Authority
4. Develop collection points for livestock during disaster Priority Same as above
5. Develop waste management strategies for post disaster Priority Same as above
situations
6. Develop and provide incentives to encourage disaster Priority Same as above

resistant construction, particularly in rural areas
7. Develop efficient rescues mechanism, relief and Priority Same as above

rehabilitation options and their implementation strategies
before a disaster happened
8. Incorporate water, food hygiene, and sanitation management Short-term PDMA, WAPDA
in disaster preparedness and evacuation plans
9. Undertake formulation and enforcement of “River Flood Short-term PDMA

Plain” regulations and laws
Objective 4.4: Developing and strengthening natural hazard early warning

system for providing the reliable warnings to the users.
1. Upgrade and expand weather monitoring station network Medium- PMD

term
2. Establish regional flood forecasting and warning centers in Medium- PDMA, DDMA32
the province and sub-regional centers at each vulnerable term
district
3. Develop improved early warning dissemination system Priority PDMA

using radio, TV, SMS, and mosque loudspeakers etc.
4. Develop standard operating procedures, clearly defining the Priority Same as above
role and
5. responsibilities of each concerned department during natural
disasters
6. Upgrade & install Flood Early Warning System (FEWS) Priority PMD, PDMA
model in Mangla Dam with proper staff training
7. Improve and strengthen flash flood response mechanism of Short-term PDMA, DDMA
local & district disaster managers to minimize the damages
32 DDMA: District Disaster Management Authority

keeping in view generally rapid on-set of flash floods with
short warning lead-time
Objective 4.5: Developing and strengthening the infrastructure which is

resilient to climate change, particularly to the extreme weather events.
1. Undertake detailed studies to assess the requirements of Priority PDMA, Planning and
flood embankments, dykes and protective bunds to protect Development
vulnerable areas particularly urban areas with large Department
population in light of likely flood level
2. Strengthen the existing flood embankments and dykes and Priority Same as above
protective bunds
3. Redesign and construct disaster resilience multipurpose Short-term PDMA, Planning and
school buildings to be used as shelters during natural Development
calamities Department
4. Enhance, restore and strengthen the capacity of Barrages Medium- Same as above
term
5. Redesign and upgrade storm drainage capacity of Lahore Medium- Same as above
keeping in view climate change related likely increase in term
short duration intense rainfall events
6. Water supply systems be designed and constructed with due Medium- PDMA, Planning and
consideration to natural disasters and emergencies term Development
Department, WAPDA
7. Emergency preparedness and response plans may be Medium- PDMA

developed for ensuring provision of safe water to the people term
affected by emergencies such as floods, earthquakes,
droughts and conflicts, in line with Sphere Standards
Vulnerable Ecosystems
Adaptation measures
provincial action plan

Partners
Strategy 5.1: Strengthening institutions and implementing the existing
measures taken so far to enhance biodiversity conservation.
1. Boost provincial institutional capacities in terms of finance Short-term Planning and

and political as well as public support to enhance Development
biodiversity conservation activities departments
2. Promote public and political sensitization activities to put Short-term Same as above
biodiversity conservation as one of the top priority agendas
3. Set up provincial focal points and steering committees to Priority Same as above
draw up Biodiversity Conservation Plans at provincial/ local
levels and make sure its practical implementation
Strategy 5.2: Promoting and conducting latest research in the field of

biodiversity with its relevance to the effects of climate change to fill the
knowledge gap between policy and practice
1. Enhance capabilities of research institutions and academia to Short-term Provincial Agriculture

explore and promote sustainable use of natural resources and Research
the associated biological diversity Departments,
Biodiversity Research
Institutions,
Universities &
Research Centres,
Pakistan Forest
Institute
2. Integrate biodiversity conservation practices into all relevant Short-term Pakistan Forest
disciplines such as forestry, wildlife, marine and agriculture Institute, Provincial
Agriculture Research
Departments
3. Extend conservation practices in joint collaboration with the Medium- Same as above
local communities making use of their knowledge in local term
perspective
4. Promote in-situ as well as ex-situ conservation of valuable Medium- Same as above

species for research and other purposes in biodiversity rich term
regions
Strategy 5.3: Enhancing capacities of the existing and yet to be established
monitoring centers at provincial level
1. Establish resource bases at provincial level to collect, share Short-term Provincial

and monitor information and monitoring activities of Environment, Forest
biodiversity conservation and
Wildlife Departments
2. Strengthen institutions and organizations that are involved in Short-term Same as above
various activities (e.g. data collection, information
dissemination, and conservation) pertaining to conservation
of flora and fauna
3. Enhance capacities of research institutions, government Short-term Provincial

departments, civil society and local communities to monitor Environment, Forest
activities pertaining to conservation of biodiversity and
Wildlife Departments,
CSOs
Strategy 5.4: Conducting detailed scientific research in mountain areas to

identify the most fragile and resilient ecosystems to the adverse impacts of
climate change and addressing the identified issues with concrete measures.
1. Launch reforestation programs in the mountain areas to Priority Provincial Agriculture

stabilize slopes and reduce the flood intensities. Research Departments
2. Establish a research center exclusively coordinating and Short-term Same as above

disseminating scientific information on mountain areas
ecosystems
3. Launch integrated watershed management projects at sub- Short-term Same as above

catchment basis to reduce run off and soil erosion mitigating
flood intensities
4. Investigate the effects of climate change on mountain Medium- Same as above

biodiversity and the role of science integrated with term
indigenous knowledge for its preservations
Strategy 5.5: Discouraging activities that contribute to depletion of mountain

ecology while encouraging those that help in rejuvenating feasible climate at
higher altitudes.
1. Promote ecotourism and devise mechanisms to avoid Short-term Local Municipal
accumulation of solid waste, trash and other unwanted Committees, Pakistan
material in hill stations and popular tourist destinations Tourism Development
Corporation
2. Organize localized programs for removal and disposal of Short-term Local Municipal
solid waste from the mountain areas Committees
3. Introduce and encourage the use of bio-degradable products Short-term Same as above
4. Sensitize and take on board the local communities for Priority Local Municipal
promoting ecotourism Committees, Pakistan
Tourism Development
Corporation
Strategy 5.6: Safeguarding the soil against erosion through vegetative

barriers and maintaining optimal livestock densities.
1. Devise vegetative barriers for rangelands that are Short-term Provincial Agriculture
particularly vulnerable to erratic precipitation, strong winds Research
and increased soil erosion Departments,
Provincial Forest and
2. Use native and hybrid soil nutrient fixing vegetation for Short-term Same as above
improving soil quality
3. Build communication channels among the local Short-term Livestock and

communities and the livestock research institutions to stay Veterinary
informed about the latest innovations in field of livestock
Institutions, Dairy and
research
livestock Departments,
Academia
4. Design and implement programs to ensure optimal livestock Medium- Livestock and
densities according to the rangelands’ carrying capacities term Veterinary
livestock Departments
Strategy 5.7: Promoting grazing system, in line with the research findings, to
facilitate regeneration of rangeland grasses and to increase the livestock
production.
1. Conduct research to identify ‘fragile’ and ‘resilient’ Priority Provincial Agriculture
rangelands and pastures in the province Research
Departments,
2. Discretely calculate, through extensive research, the carrying Short-term Same as above
capacities for both fragile and resilient rangelands and
pastures according to their local climatic conditions
3. Develop close links between local communities, veterinary Short-term Livestock and
services and livestock market for efficient livestock turnover Veterinary
livestock Departments
4. Establish experimental plots of native, hybrid and adapted Medium- Provincial Agriculture
vegetation species for increased fodder availability and term Research
improved rangeland and pasture management Departments,
Strategy 5.8: Researching the causes of depletion of wetlands’ ecosystem in

Province.
1. Take measures to protect the associated biodiversity of the Priority Provincial

wetlands Environmental
Protection Agencies,
Provincial Forest,
Wildlife and Fisheries
Departments
2. Control the use of pesticides and fertilizers in the immediate Priority Provincial
surroundings of the wetlands Agricultural
Departments , Civil
Society Organizations
3. Encourage the use of biological control for disease and weed Priority Provincial
control in agricultural crops Agricultural
Departments
4. Establish research bodies to monitor the immediate and Medium- Research Institutions
lasting climate change impacts on the wetlands in province term and Universities
Strategy 5.9: Supplying the necessary contribution to the wetlands by efficient
management of the resources.
1. Undertake programs to plan and set allocations for Short-term Provincial

ecosystem maintenance water levels Environmental
Provincial Irrigation
and Water
Management
Departments
2. Develop adaptation mechanisms for wetlands and Short-term Same as above

communities dependent on them threatened by climate
change
3. Establish an institutional setup to responsibly monitor Medium- Provincial

changes in quality of waters coming to the wetlands term Environmental
and Water
Management
Departments,
Wetlands and
Institutions
Strategy 5.10: Taking remedial measures to reduce siltation of the wetlands.
1. Ensure control of siltation of wetlands by reducing Priority Provincial Irrigation

deforestation and felling of timber in the catchments areas and Water
Management
Departments
2. Develop wetlands maintenance programs to control siltation Short-term Provincial

and other debris with efficient participation of the local Environmental
communities Protection Agencies,
and Water
Management
Departments
3. Conduct research to identify further causes of siltation in the Medium- Provincial

wetlands and take remedial measures accordingly term Environmental
and Water
Management
Departments,
Wetlands and
Institutions
Strategy 5.11: Devise legal procedures concurrent with scientific findings to

control organic and inorganic pollution of wetlands.
1. Check water quality in all drainage systems to wetlands for Priority Provincial Irrigation
excessive fertilizer and pesticide contamination and Water
Management
Departments
2. Put in place monitoring and control system to keep wetlands Short-term Same as above
from receiving excessive chemicals
Strategy 5.12: Seeking innovative fodder shrubs and crops irrigation

techniques and technologies designed for water conservation.
1. Drive ‘farmers’ awareness’ campaigns to sensitize local Short-term Provincial Agriculture

farmers regarding importance of water conservation measure Research Departments
2. Develop experimentation plots for local and hybrid Medium- Arid Agriculture
vegetation cover with least usage and maximum utilization term Universities,
of water Provincial Agriculture
Research Departments
Strategy 5.13: Find technological breakthrough for irrigation systems, to

raise vegetative cover in extremely difficult and harsh areas of arid zone.
1. Identify irrigation equipment and technology most suited for Short-term Arid Agriculture
arid and desert areas Universities,
2. Built local community linkages with irrigation and Short-term Same as above
agriculture research institutions for most appropriate
technology for arid areas with decreasing water resource
3. Design appropriate training programs for local communities Medium- Same as above
to maintain technologically advanced equipment for drip term
irrigation and alternative (solar and wind) electricity source
systems for tube-wells
Strategy 5.14: Encouraging development of technological innovations for

improved water efficiency for crops, efficient equipment for the rehabilitation
of Karez irrigation system including artificial groundwater recharge.
1. Involve irrigation research institute with a focus on arid Short-term Arid Agriculture
areas to develop technologies and equipment to improve the Universities,
traditional Karez irrigation system Provincial Agriculture
2. Ensure irrigation technological innovations that are most Medium- Same as above
suited for arid areas with hot climate to maintain crop cover term
Strategy 5.15: Ensure building vegetative barriers for safeguarding against

sand storms near human habitats.
1. Identify human habitats that are most vulnerable to sand Priority Provincial Forest and
storms Wildlife Departments
2. Involve arid area agricultural research institutions to identify Short-term Arid Agriculture
appropriate vegetation for these vulnerable areas Universities,
3. Engage local communities to build and maintain these Short-term Provincial Forest and
vegetative barriers near desert area villages Wildlife Departments
Strategy 5.16: Researching on and promotion of “low delta crops” as well as

drought and pest resistant crops.
1. Ensure development of low delta and drought resistant, Short-term Provincial Agriculture
high-yield crop varieties for arid and hyper-arid areas in the Research Departments
province
2. Develop special programs for pest resistant crops or Short-term Same as above
integrated pest management to safeguard crop productivity
Strategy 5.17: Undertake development of drought resistant shrubs, fodder
crops and grasses for pastures and oasis for livestock.
1. Explore research opportunities to improve feed and fodder in Short-term Provincial Forest and
arid areas Wildlife Departments,
Dairy and livestock
Departments
2. Involve local communities and nomadic tribes to develop Medium- Same as above
experimental plots of improved grasses and shrubs for term
livestock
Health
Adaptation measures

Partners
Strategy 6.1: Assessing and reducing health vulnerabilities to climate change.
1. Assess province vulnerability including identifying those Priority Provincial Health

populations and regions that are most vulnerable to vector Departments
borne diseases
2. Design health systems out-reach programs that could reach Priority Same as above
the designated areas for quick emergency health services
3. Establish baseline conditions of human health risk of current Short-term Provincial Health
climate variability and recent climate change Departments, WHO
4. Built effective infrastructures and means of communications Short-term Provincial Health

to quickly counter any epidemic spreading due to climate Departments, NGOs,
change induced natural hazard CSOs
5. Analyze health and WASH nexus for an integrated Priority Public health
approach to maximize synergies department, WHO,
Academia, think tanks.
Strategy 6.2: Educating and sensitizing health personnel and the public about
climate change related health issues.
1. Develop a resource mobilization strategy to identify and Short-term Provincial Health

access international funding for climate and health resilience department, NGOs,
and adaptation projects (e.g., GCF, GEF and bilateral donor private sector, P&D
agencies) department
2. Design communication strategies to inform the general Priority Provincial Health

public of climate change related health hazard and its Departments, NGOs,
geographical span, particularly, alerting health personnel in CSOs
the vicinity
3. Conduct assessments on the impacts of climate change on Short-term Provincial Health

vector/waterborne and nutritional diseases Departments
Strategy 6.3: Ensuring that the medications and clean drinking water are
available to the general public easily and cost effectively particularly during
climate related extreme events.
1. Design and built emergency vaccines and medication Priority Provincial Health
storage facilities near each DCO’s33 office to be used in case Departments
of injuries and epidemics due to natural hazard
2. Keep mobile water purification facilities ready to be shifted Short-term Same as above
to disaster stricken areas at short notice
3. Develop and promote household water treatment options Short-term Provincial Health
Departments, NGOs,
CSOs
Strategy 6.4: Upgrading and extending disease outbreaks monitoring and

forecasting systems to counteract the possible climate change health impacts.
1. Strengthen disease monitoring and forecasting systems for Priority Provincial Health
prior planning and timely effective interventions Departments
2. Develop an effective response system to deal with any Short-term Same as above
vector borne diseases like malaria and dengue epidemics,
which are expected to rise in changing climate patterns
33 DCO: Deputy Commissioner Office

Socio-economic Measures
*Implementing
Actions Priority
Partners
Strategy 7.1: Mitigate socio-economic impacts for vulnerable communities
1. Introduce social-safety nets with a focus on climate change Short term Provincial planning and
adaptation for socio-economic development through cash development
transfers and social pensions, particularly for the disaster- department, Rural
affected communities. Development
Department, social
welfare department,
NGOs/CSOs
2. Diversify job opportunities to reduce unemployment Priority Same as above

through both supply and demand side policies;
3. Mainstream climate-poverty nexus in provincial planning, Short-term Provincial planning and

poverty reduction strategies, provincial population development
planning strategies and annual development plans. department, Urban
Unit, Local
Government
Department, social
welfare department,
Finance department,
NGOs/CSOs
4. The indigenous knowledge of agriculture practices, yields, Short-term Provincial planning and
landholding size and other relevant information must be development
documented by key government departments responsible department, Rural
for social welfare, safety-nets and poverty alleviation. Development,
Department, social
welfare department,
NGOs/CSOs
5. Develop green jobs and increase technical knowledge of Short-term Same as above
low carbon technologies across all sectors using socially
inclusive and gender sensitive pathways
6. Improve access of poor communities to appropriate Short-term Provincial Agriculture

technologies for crop production, integrated pest Extension Department,
Arid Agriculture
management and credit facilities for agricultural Departments,
development; Provincial Crops
Department
7. Ensure social, resource, and climate synergies in industrial Priority Industries Department,
development; Planning and
Development
Department,
Energy
Mitigation Measures
Actions Priority Implementing Partners
Strategy 8.1: Giving preferential status to development and promotion of

hydropower generation.
1. Undertake pre-feasibilities on potential hydel power projects Priority WAPDA, Alternate

sites Energy Development
Board
2. Utilize the link canal water in Punjab for generation of Priority Same as above
hydro-power
3. Develop and promote run-of-river hydel power projects on Short-term Same as above
rivers and canals on massive scale
4. Undertake survey of water resources to assess, and Short-term Same as above

accordingly, enhance their potential in generating energy
5. Ensure that rights of local population are protected wherever Short-term Environmental
the hydro power projects are launched department, WAPDA
6. Constitute a framework to legislate the water usage and Short-term Environmental

water rights involving all stakeholders at provincial level department, WAPDA,
Alternate Energy
Development Board
7. Build capacities of all concerned departments to develop Short-term WAPDA, Alternate
project proposals on need assessment and actual Energy Development
understanding of problems at governance level Board
8. Ensure construction of hydropower structures at appropriate Short-term Same as above

sites in Punjab to cover its power shortfall
9. Explore possibilities for generating solar energy in Punjab Short-term Same as above
10. Develop projects for energy generation by diverting river Medium- Same as above
into energy production units term
Strategy 8.2: Promoting development of renewable energy resources and

technologies such as solar, wind, geothermal, small-hydropower and bio-fuel
energy.
1. Provide incentives for introducing solar water heaters in the Priority WAPDA, Alternate
province Energy Development
Board
2. Strengthen capacities of scientific and engineering Short-term Alternate Energy

technology public sector institutions and universities to Development Board,
develop and design renewable energy technologies for solar, Academia
wind, geothermal, small-hydropower and bio-fuel energy
sources
3. Introduce investment friendly incentives to attract private Short-term WAPDA, Alternate

sector interest in renewable energy projects Energy Development
Board
4. Create clean energy disciplines in universities to raise Short-term Alternate Energy

awareness and promote use of clean energy alternate Development Board,
resources Academia
5. Established a database including experts from all sector Short-term WAPDA

related to energy
6. Promote local manufacturing of power generation equipment Medium- WAPDA, Alternate

term Energy Development
Board
7. Develop and encourage indigenous low cost technology Medium- Alternate Energy
(renewable energy) through research and development term Development Board,
(R&D) activities Academia
Strategy 8.3: Promoting buildings design with solar panels for energy self-
sufficiency, especially in public sector buildings.
1. Adopt strategy to promote and install solar panels in both Priority WAPDA, Alternate
public and private sector buildings to conserve energy Energy Development
Board
2. Identify and introduce energy efficient building materials, Short-term Same as above
designs and technologies
3. Promote enterprises to produce energy efficient products and Short-term Same as above
ensure availability of the same in the local market
4. Set appropriate building construction criteria/ codes Short-term Same as above

according to climatic conditions for energy conservation
Strategy 8.4: Planning the necessary expansion of nuclear power for

Pakistan’s energy security.
1. Develop standards for proper disposal of nuclear waste Priority PAEC34
2. Revisit the safety standards on our present nuclear facilities Short-term Same as above
to ensure that they are foolproof
3. Strengthen capacities of local relevant scientific institutions Short-term Same as above

to design and operate nuclear power reactors
4. Develop plans and recommend safety measures in case of Short-term Same as above
any emergency nuclear accidents; build capacities of the
local governments to mitigate such calamities through
trainings and awareness programs
Strategy 8.5: Obtaining technological know-how and its transfer for installing
the Near-Zero Emission clean coal technologies.
1. Strengthen capacities of local scientific institutions to Short-term Provincial Minerals

develop pulverized coal Integrated Gasification Combined
Departments
Cycle (IGCC) systems
2. Develop strategies to utilize all fossil fuels, including coal, Short-term Same as above
at highly efficient and low emission levels
34 PAEC: Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission

3. Develop indigenous capacity to technologies such as Waste Medium- Same as above
Heat Recovery and Co-generation; Coal Bed Methane term
Capture; coal fluidized bed combustion; and Combined
Cycle Power Generation
4. Strengthen technological and scientific capacities of relevant Long-term Same as above

institutions to develop and operate coal-fired power stations
with carbon capture and store facility
Strategy 8.6: Installing plants to generate power from municipal waste.
1. Undertake research on waste conversion into energy; Priority PCRET 35

develop major units in the province to generate power
through waste so as to promote alternate energy practices
2. Encourage the use of low carbon and low sulphur fuel Priority Same as above
3. Strengthen capacities of all municipal agencies to install Short-term Same as above

waste-to-heat conversion plants
4. Involve local and provincial energy providers to ensure Short-term Same as above
efficiency of energy supply transmission from these plants
Strategy 8.7: Promoting and providing incentives for activities required for
energy-mix and fuel-switching program to low-carbon fuels.
1. Develop plans and install infrastructure to turn waste into Short-term PCRET
heat by all municipalities
2. Equip local universities and research institutions so that they Medium- Same as above
design and develop indigenous and hybrid technology for term
CO2 capture and storage
3. Develop coal bed methane capture technology locally for Long-term Alternate Energy
future energy needs Development Board
Strategy 8.8: Conserving energy and improving energy efficiency.
1. Provide subsidy for promotion of low energy consuming Priority Alternate Energy
devices for house hold and commercial uses such as energy Development Board,
saver lights WAPDA
35 PCRET: Pakistan Council of Renewable Energy Technology

2. Design energy audit methods to improve energy efficiency Priority Same as above
during transmission
3. Develop new strategies for the transport sector to encourage Short-term Alternate Energy
both fuel conservation and fuel efficiency Development Board
4. Provide economic incentives to conserve energy in the form Medium- Alternate Energy
of replacing high energy consuming machineries with term Development Board
energy efficient machineries in the industrial sector
Strategy 8.9: Enacting and enforcing energy conservation legislation and audit
standards.
1. Design energy conservation legislation by enacting energy Priority EPA

sector specific laws that ensure to control the energy
wastage
2. Strengthen the existing legal system that ensures energy Priority Same as above
efficiency audits and energy conservation
3. Ensure proper implementation of policy and legislation at Short-term Same as above

each level with identified checks and balances
Strategy 8.10: Ensuring quality management of energy production and supply,

including reduction in transmission and distribution losses.
1. Strengthen quality management system of energy production Priority Alternate Energy

to improve efficiency Development Board,
WAPDA
2. Design auditing of energy supply and transmission system to Short-term Same as above
control distribution losses
Strategy 8.11: Improving energy efficiency in building and use of energy

efficient electric appliances.
1. Encourage modification of building design for better Priority Alternate Energy

insulation Development Board
2. Introduce incentives for energy efficient products which Priority Same as above
often cost more than the less-efficient versions, especially
when they are first introduced to the markets
3. Improve energy efficiency in buildings through standardize Short-term Same as above
building and construction codes
4. Encourage design and manufacturing of energy efficient Short-term Same as above

boilers and appliances
5. Design energy efficient ground water pumping units for Short-term Same as above
agricultural, industrial and domestic uses
Transport
Mitigation Measures
Strategy 9.1: Sensitizing public to the importance of proper vehicle

maintenance for fuel efficiency enhancement and reduction of emissions.
1. Initiate media campaigns to create public awareness that Priority Ministry of

how proper maintenance of vehicles can contribute to the Communication,
fuel efficiency and reduction of emissions National Highway
Authority
2. Involve civil society and the corporate sector to join in the Priority CSOs
campaign for emission reduction and fuel efficiency by
proper vehicle maintenance
3. Setup vehicle maintenance service centers in all urban areas. Short-term Planning and
Development
Department
Strategy 9.2: Ensuring the provision of efficient public transport (Buses)

system in the province.
1. Develop and provide quality and efficient public transport Medium- National Highway
system in the province to encourage people to slowly move term Authority
from the use of private cars to the public transport system
2. Develop public private partnership for the provision of fuel Short-term Same as above
efficient local transport
Strategy 9.3: Setting-up and enforcing vehicle emission standards.
1. Identify the bio-fuels that can be used in conjunction with Short-term National Highway
fossil fuels in the province Authority
2. Make these bio-fuels available at least in important urban Medium- Same as above
centers term
3. Develop technology to modify the existing vehicles to run Medium- Same as above
on a mixture of gasoline and bio-fuels term
Strategy 9.4: Supporting the private transport sector through incentives for
reducing emissions and environmental friendly transport services.
1. Create public awareness that improperly inflated tires Priority Ministry of

decrease fuel efficiency and result in greater emissions Communication
2. Identify and design financial incentives for the private Short-term National Highway
commercial transport systems to reduce emissions Authority
3. Promote the use of Low Rolling Resistance (LRR) tires Short-term Same as above
Strategy 9.5: Promoting the development and adoption of environmental-

friendly transportation technologies.
1. Identify funding resources to develop environmental friendly Short-term National Highway

transportation technologies Authority
2. Promote awareness raising in collaboration with civil society Short-term Ministry of

and corporate sector to adopt environmental friendly Communication, CSOs
technologies
Strategy 9.6: Promoting the development and adoption of environmental-

friendly transportation technologies.
1. Use CDM and other funding sources to develop and adopt Short-term National Highway
emission control technology for the transport sector Authority
2. Utilize CSR36 to involve the corporate sector in fund raising Short-term NGOs, CSOs
for transport technology innovation in the province
3. A special fund needs to be set aside for technology Short-term Same as above
innovations that have direct impacts on human health like
emission control, water quality
Strategy 9.7: Encouraging national and other local airline to give due
consideration to the fuel efficient new technologies aircrafts, causing minimum
carbon emissions, while planning new fleet
1. Keep close track of new emerging fuel efficient aircraft Priority Civil Aviation
engine technologies for adaptation at the right time Authority, Pakistan
International Airlines
2. Identify the funding sources for technology development to Short-term Same as above
improve efficiency in aviation
Strategy 9.8: Ensuring the provision of efficient railway system in the

province.
1. Develop a railway efficiency plan to improve the quality of Short-term Ministry of Railway,
service for systematic shift of cargo and passengers back Pakistan Railway
from road to rail transport
2. Arrange sufficient financial resources for purchase of new Priority Same as above
trains engines and cabins to make rail journey efficient and
comfortable
Strategy 9.9: Upgrading and expanding the railway network in the province.
1. Identify fuels efficient engines for trains Priority Ministry of Railway,

Pakistan Railway
2. Build infrastructure to improve the quality of train services Medium- Same as above
term
3. Identify new routes and build rail lines connecting areas that Long-term Same as above
are not easily accessible.
36 CSR: Corporate Social Responsibility

4. Build rail lines parallel to roads to reduce the cargo load and Long-term Same as above
emission control
Industry
Mitigation Measures
Strategy 10.1: Incorporating economic incentives to promote emission

reduction by upgrading the industrial processes and technologies.
1. Undertake initial survey to identify the industries that need Priority Ministry of Industries
technological improvement for emission reduction
2. Design financial incentive schemes for those particular Short-term Same as above
industries to purchase or develop technological innovation
for reduction in emission/liquid effluents
Strategy 10.2: Preparing voluntary Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR)

guidelines and encouraging corporate sector to create CSR-fund to cover
carbon emission reductions efforts in industrial sector.
1. Identify the industries that need emission reduction Priority Ministry of Industries
technology in the province
2. Appoint an expert for drafting CSR guidelines Priority Same as above
3. Encourage the corporate sector to design CSR specifically Medium- Same as above
for reducing emission in the industrial sector in the province term
Strategy 10.3: Promoting the integrated “Cleaner Production” strategy in the

Industrial sector by making more efficient use of inputs such as energy, water,
raw material etc.
1. Identify the industrial processes that cause the most emission Priority Ministry of Industries
2. Identify the technologies that could replace these processes, Short-term Same as above
inputs and raw materials to reduce emissions
3. Identify the financial resources for this technology Short-term Same as above
innovation and replacement of machineries and equipment
Strategy 10.4: Promoting the use of energy efficient motors in the industries
sector.
1. Identify the quality of machinery and motors use in the Priority Ministry of Industries
industrial sector in the province
2. Develop energy efficient motors and generator and promote Short-term Same as above
their use in Industrial sector
3. Provide financial incentives to encourage industries to Short-term Same as above

voluntarily adopt energy efficient motors
Strategy 10.5: Encouraging the industrial sector to have periodical “Energy

Efficiency Audit”.
1. Design voluntary energy efficiency audits to coincide with Priority Ministry of Industries
emission audits for industrial corporate sector
2. Provide expert services to industrial sector for carrying out Short-term Same as above
periodical “energy efficiency audit” of small and large
industries
Strategy 10.6: Developing capacity to monitor and estimate emissions locally

for each industry.
1. Develop and install instrumentation to estimate emissions Priority Ministry of Industries

from the industrial sector
2. Train technicians to operate and maintain emission Short-term Same as above

monitoring instruments
Strategy 10.7: Ensuring that technology transfer is accelerated for the

industries like cement manufacturing to control emissions without hampering
the production process
1. Identify the technology that reduces emissions for industries Short-term Ministry of Industries
like cement manufacturing
2. Identify the financial needs to transfer these technologies Short-term Same as above
into Pakistan
Urban Planning
Adaptation and Mitigation Measures
The following proposed adaptation and mitigation measures will help mainstream NCCP
Framework in to provincial action plan:
Strategy 11.1: Updating town planning design principles for lower carbon foot
prints.
1. Undertake studies to determine the future expansion needs Short-term Provincial Town
of the existing towns Planning
Departments, City
Development
Authorities, City
2. Estimate the fuel and energy needs of these expanding cities Short-term Same as above
3. Undertake emission profile of major urban centers Short-term Same as above
4. Upgrade existing public sector building to reduce energy Short-term Same as above
demand and encourage private house owners to follow
5. Provide alternative and low-emission fuels for heating and Medium- Same as above
energy in these new settlements and suburbs term
6. Convert tall buildings to solar radiation receptors, where Medium- Same as above
possible, by installing solar panels and making them energy term
self-sufficient
7. Design transport corridors for fast and efficient urban Medium- Same as above
transportation term
8. Promote lifestyles, adaptation, and choices, through civil Priority CSOs
society organizations, that require less energy
Strategy 11.2: Developing infrastructure and support facilities in smaller agro-

based towns and periphery urban areas to check rural-to-urban migration.
1. Develop small agro-based towns with modern amenities in Short-term Provincial Town
rural areas to discourage rural to urban migration Planning
Departments, City
Development
Authorities, City
2. Develop industrial estates and large-scale agricultural farms Medium- Same as above
to provide job opportunities to rural population near their term
homes
Strategy 11.3: Promoting proper “Land Use Planning” and vertical instead of
horizontal expansion of urban housing projects.
1. Increase density of town centers and suburbs near popular Medium- Provincial Town
business and shopping areas term Planning
Departments, City
Development
Authorities, City
2. Build planned high density townships near parks, gardens Medium- Same as above
and natural reserves term
Strategy 11.4: Undertaking hazard mapping and zoning of areas before

construction.
1. Geological and seismic surveys of any new township Short-term Provincial Town
location should be made mandatory Planning
Departments, City
Development
Authorities, City
2. Control expansion of existing towns and construction in Short-term Same as above
ecologically fragile areas
3. Development of Vulnerability-Index of urban areas of the Short-term Same as above

province
Strategy 11.5: Limiting the industries in large urban cities to the designated
areas.
1. Design segregated areas for industries adjacent to towns and Priority Provincial Town
cities, keeping in view the wind and storm directions Planning
Departments, City
Development
Authorities, City
2. Build vegetative barriers and nature reserve areas as buffers Short-term Same as above
between cities and industrial areas
3. Organize regular transport between housing suburbs and Short-term Same as above
industrial areas to ease commute and traffic congestion
Strategy 11.6: Installing solar water heaters in large commercial and public
buildings.
1. Assess the availability of solar radiation in selected cities Priority Provincial Town
and start a pilot project of replacing fuel based water heaters Planning
with solar water heaters in government/public buildings
Departments, City
Development
Authorities, City
2. In the commercial areas and shopping malls, encourage the Short-term City Municipal
corporate sector to build a public private partnership for Authorities
replacing fuel based water heating and energy needs with
solar energy
Strategy 11.7: Installing wastewater treatment plants as an integral part of all

sewerage schemes.
1. Link sewerage schemes with wastewater treatment plants Short-term Provincial Town
Planning
Departments, City
Development
Authorities, City
2. Designate rivers, lakes and estuaries where this treated water Short-term Same as above
will be deposited
3. Ensure systematic installation so that all wastewater is Short-term Same as above

treated
4. Install water quality measurement equipment near all water Priority Same as above
reserves to ensure water safety
5. Development of strategies for integrated management of Short-term Same as above

municipal, industrial, hazardous and hospital wastes
6. Appropriate solid and liquid waste treatment facilities be Medium- Same as above
made an integral part of all development projects term
Strategy 11.8: Arranging separate collection, disposal and re-use of recyclable,

composite and biodegradable waste.
1. Ensure separate collection of non-biodegradable solid waste Priority City Municipal

for disposal and re-cycling Authorities, CSOs
2. Encourage each locality to segregate glass, metal, paper and Priority Same as above
plastic in separate containers
3. Formalize solid waste collection by scavengers into a regular Short-term Same as above
and efficient system
4. Ensure collection of the biodegradable waste preferably at Short-term Same as above

source for composite and waste-to-fuel process
Waste Sector Mitigation Measures

*Implementing
Actions Priority
Partners
Strategy 12.1: Mitigating GHG emissions from Waste sector

Punjab EPA, Industries
and commerce,
Development
1. Develop waste inventories generated from different
Authorities, Municipal
sectors and develop strategies for waste to energy Short-term
Authorities, Town
conversion
planning department,
Energy division,
WASA, PHED
2. Capacity building, technical support and finances to Punjab EPA, Urban

Short-term
design robust landfill design Unit, WASA, PHED
3. Prohibit open burning of waste Priority Punjab EPA
4. Installation of on-site waste incineration devices for Punjab EPA, P&D and
reducing waste quantity and emission of GHG especially Short-term Development
Methane Authorities
Punjab EPA,
5. Behavioral change and communication at all levels of Development
Priority
society Authorities and Local
Government
Strategy 12.2: To introduce innovations in town planning to adapt and

mitigate the impact of climate change
1. Create jobs in waste management and recovery through Short term Development
research and creating partnerships between different Authorities, Municipal
stakeholders Authorities, Town
planning department
2. Improve municipal solid waste management and promote Priority Development

the concept of 3Rs to increase sustainable waste Authorities, Municipal
management Authorities, Town
planning department
3. Engage stakeholders and create partnerships for waste Short term Development
management and adoption of circular economy business Authorities, Municipal
models Authorities, Town
NGOs, corporate
4. Develop provincial solid waste standards for waste Priority Development
storage, collection, transport, treatment and disposal, in Authorities, Municipal
line with air and water quality standards Authorities, Town
planning department
5. Promote decentralization of the disposal system to the Short term Punjab EPA,
local environment and organizing the collection system on Development
the lines of a resource recovery system. Authorities, Municipal
Authorities, Town
planning department
6. Promote public awareness on sustainable waste Short term Development

management through electronic and print media and street Authorities, Municipal
campaign, through community organizations such as Authorities, Town
schools, institutions, and households, using a public- planning department,
address system, distributing leaflets, and by using the Education department
division’s public-awareness team
7. Ensure proper labeling, handling and prevent illegal Short term Punjab EPA, Industries
dumping of hazardous industrial waste and commerce
8. Promote waste management technologies which provide Short term Development

co-benefits (e.g., anaerobic digestion) Authorities, Municipal
Authorities, Town
planning department
9. Plastic waste management strategy with defined targets Priority Punjab EPA, Industries
and monitoring plan for next 5 to 10 years and commerce
Strategy 12.3: To develop and obtain clean energy technologies and uses to
achieve low carbon growth in the energy sector
10. Promote energy-from-waste projects Short term Municipal Authorities,

Energy division
Strategy 12.4: To sustain and protect mountain ecology and plain areas
from degradation and pollution.
11. Rationalize environmental quality standards in view of Priority Punjab EPA, Industries
assimilation capacities of receiving environment and commerce,
Development
Authorities, Town
planning department
Strategy 12.5: To develop and implement integrated water resource

management.
12. Existing water treatment schemes (Industrial and Priority Punjab EPA, Industries
municipal) to be made more effective and functional and and commerce,
new schemes to be installed on need-basis. Development
Authorities, Town
WASA, PHE&RDD
13. Encourage treatment, and re-use of waste water from Priority Punjab EPA, Industries
manufacturing, commercial, and industrial processes and commerce
Youth and Gender Development

Adaptation Measures
Strategy 13.1: Leverage Youth Roles for Effective Climate Action

Provide enabling opportunities for youth to play a role in climate Punjab Youth Affairs
Priority
action
Establish a Climate Change Advocacy Strategy, targeting youth Same as above

Short-term
and vulnerable populations
Design and propagate a climate education curriculum that could Punjab Youth Affairs,
Short- to
be disseminated through an advocacy campaign including Provincial Education
medium-
seminars, trainings, certifications, formal education etc. across all department
term
provinces
Promote digital climate change awareness tools, apps and Same as above
Short-term
services to attract and educate young people
Promote and support young climate change entrepreneurship by Punjab Youth Affairs
Priority
providing trainings, workshops, competitions and bootcamps
Mobilize funding opportunities for scale up of youth climate Same as above

Short-term
initiatives
Strategy 13.2: Sustained Access to Clean and Affordable Energy

Disseminate information on environment friendly and green Department of Energy,
technology regarding the positive impact of these technologies on Short-term AEDB
the health of women
Train and create access of women to renewable alternative energy Same as above
Short-term
solutions
Pilot energy efficient low-cost cooking technology projects Priority Same as above
Soft credits/ loans for women to use green technology Short-term Same as above
Strategy 13.3: Sustained access to safe drinking water
1. Ensure participation of youth and women Priority PMU, USUC37
2. Enhance access to safe drinking water. Short-term Same as above
3. Promote changes in health and hygiene training and Medium- Same as above
awareness campaign term
4. Gender sensitive grievance redressal mechanism Medium- Same as above

term
5. Promote use of green manure in agriculture Medium- Same as above

term
Strategy 13.4: Ecologically safe disposal and treatment of sewage water
1. Youth and gender inclusive communication strategy/women Medium- PMU38, USUC

focused awareness and training term
37 USUC: Urban Services Utility Company

38 PMU: Project Management Unit
Strategy 13.5: Solid waste collection and management system
1. Ensure youth and women participation in SWM39 planning Priority PMU, USUC
2. Ensure youth and women’s access to credit, finance and Same as above
services for waste management and recycling Short-term
entrepreneurship
Strategy 13.6: Agriculture And Livestock
Agriculture dept,
1. Identify and introduce gender-responsive technologies and
Short-term Research extensions,
build capacities of women through trainings and finance
academia
2. Introduce a legal reform that Agriculture dept, P&D,

a. Allows female farmers to buy or sell a land Research extensions,
NGOs, CSOs
b. Conducive environment for female farmers to sell their Short to
goods at farmers markets medium
c. Allows female farmers to access loans and finances term
d. Ensure that governmental incentives targeted women

farmers also
Strategy 13.7: Solid waste collection and management system

1. Ensure youth and women participation in SWM40 planning Priority PMU, USUC
2. Ensure youth and women’s access to credit, finance Same as above

and services for waste management and recycling Short-term
entrepreneurship
Acknowledgments: The technical team of this project want to put on record the contributions
particularly of Mr. Muhammad Irfan Tariq, Director General (Climate Change), Mr. Azeem Khoso, Dy.
Secy, MoCC and Ms. Hadiqa Jamshad, Climate Change Expert, for their deep professional involvement
without which the timely completion of this report may not have been easy.
From: Dr. Qamar uz Zaman Chaudhry, International Climate Change Specialist, UNDP Team Lead.
39 SWM: Solid Waste Management

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PUNJAB PROVINCIAL CLIMATE

CHANGE ACTION PLAN

Zonal Distribution of Punjab ...................................................................................................................... 4

Impacts of Climate Change in Punjab ....................................................................................................... 4

Temperature changes ........................................................................................................................... 4

Precipitation changes ............................................................................................................................ 5

Changes in food production .................................................................................................................. 5

Shifting weather patterns ...................................................................................................................... 5

Loss of biodiversity ................................................................................................................................ 5

People and Society ............................................................................................................................... 6

SITUATION ANALYSIS ................................................................................................................................. 7

Agriculture and Livestock .......................................................................................................................... 7

Disaster Preparedness .............................................................................................................................. 9

Vulnerable Ecosystem ............................................................................................................................... 9

Urban Planning ........................................................................................................................................ 11

Socio-economic Vulnerabilities, Youth and Gender Development ......................................................... 11

ACTION PLAN ............................................................................................................................................. 12

Adaptation measures .......................................................................................................................... 13

Agriculture and Livestock ........................................................................................................................ 20

Mitigation measures ............................................................................................................................ 28

Adaptation measures .......................................................................................................................... 30

Mitigation measures ............................................................................................................................ 34

Disaster Preparedness ............................................................................................................................ 36

Adaptation measures .......................................................................................................................... 36

Vulnerable Ecosystems ........................................................................................................................... 39

Adaptation measures .......................................................................................................................... 39

Adaptation measures .......................................................................................................................... 47

Socio-economic Measures ...................................................................................................................... 49

Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................................................ 50

Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................................................ 55

Mitigation Measures ............................................................................................................................ 58

Urban Planning ........................................................................................................................................ 60

Adaptation and Mitigation Measures ................................................................................................... 60

Waste Sector Mitigation Measures .......................................................................................................... 63

Youth and Gender Development ............................................................................................................. 66

Adaptation Measures .......................................................................................................................... 66

Figure 1 Map of districts of Punjab (Source: Government of Pakistan)

Impacts of Climate Change in Punjab

1 Punjab Climate Change Policy-2017. Accessed at:

Agriculture and Livestock

6 Asian Water Development Outlook (2007). Country Paper Pakistan

Basin of Pakistan. Agricultural Water Management, 95(1), 1-10.

10 Punjab Growth Strategy 2018 (PGS), (2015) retrieved from: http://www.theigc.org/wp-

14 Punjab Climate Change Policy-2017. Accessed at:

Socio-economic Vulnerabilities, Youth and Gender Development

18 Punjab Climate Change Policy-2017. Accessed at:

20 Pakistan National Human Development Report-2017. Accessed at

21 Labour Force Survey 2014-2015. Accessed at:

Priority Actions: within 2-years,

Actions Priority Implementing

Strategy 1.1: Providing incentives for adoption of more efficient irrigation

1. Promote the preparation of water conservation Priority Local government

2. Enhance capacity of line departments and private Short-term Punjab Irrigation

3. Ongoing canal lining be completed on priority to Short-term Punjab Irrigation

4. Revisit the existing cropping pattern to conserve Short-term Agriculture

5. Facilitate technology transfer to small farmers by Short-term Municipalities,

6. Take appropriate measures for construction of Medium- Punjab Irrigation

23 EPA: Environmental Protection Agency

1. Estimate rainwater capturing potential of areas near Priority Municipalities, Local

3. Strengthen community capacity in rainwater harvesting Short-term Municipalities, EPA

4. Incorporate rain water harvesting systems in building Medium-term EPA, Local

Strategy 1.3: Enhancing public awareness to underscore the importance of

24 CSO: Civil Society Organizations

2. Re-adjust water allocation according to future projected Short-term Same as above