Interpreting the Hazardous Air Pollutants Area Source Rule

George H. Holliday, Holliday Environmental Services, Inc.

ABSTRACT
On 3 January 2007 at 72 FR 26, EPA promulgated revisions to 40 CFR Part 63 Subpart HH (Hazardous Air
Pollutant Emissions Control Rule), to include Area Sources within the rule. This rule applies only to emissions of
benzene from triethylene glycol (TEG) dehydrators located at upstream oil and gas producing facilities and gas plants,
which are not Major Sources. All Area Source TEG dehydrators are placed into one of four groupings. 1) Black oil
facilities, which are exempted from the rule. 2) Exempted, TEG dehydrators not controlled because of low volume
throughput. 3) Within UA plus offset and UC, e.g., TEG dehydrators located in Urbanized Areas (UA), plus a two-mile
buffer zone (Offset) around each Urbanized Area, plus Urban Clusters (UC) containing at least 10,000 people, and 4)
TEG dehydrators located outside of UA plus offset and UC.

For purposes of compliance, another area term, Urban-1 County, is used and defined by EPA as a county
containing a large Metropolitan Statistical Area. Most existing TEG dehydrators must implement the rule by January
2007. New TEG dehydrators must implement the rule before startup.

U.S. Census Bureau defines UC as an urban area containing 2500 persons. Accordingly, the U.S. Census Bureau
does not provide maps for Urban Cluster data in the “10,000 person” format. Therefore, a large operator has developed a
computer program for locating dehydrators relative to the UA plus offset and UC. The method has not been released to
affected operators because; the program is so large it must be provided with a dedicated computer server. Accordingly,
this paper provides a manual method of determining if a dehydrator is within or outside an UA plus offset and UC.

Area Source dehydrator emissions controls depend on facility throughput or emissions, and location. Controls
range from do-nothing, to optimizing TEG flow rates, to add-on control equipment. Affected TEG dehydrators within UA
plus offset and UC areas are required to install benzene emission control equipment and provide automatic surveillance
recording. TEG dehydrators outside of the UA plus offset and UC areas must operate dehydrators at or less than the
optimum glycol flow rates as developed by EPA.

The rule is lengthy, complex, circuitous and exceedingly expensive to implement. The paper provides a
discussion of the UC population problem, explains the rule in understandable language and diagrams, and provides
suggestions for compliance.

BACKGROUND
The Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990 (CAAA) provide at Section 112 for the control of emissions from “area
sources” of Hazardous Air Pollutants (HAP). The Act defines a “major source” as a stationary facility emitting ≥10 tons
per year (TPY) of a single listed HAP (CAAA § 112 (b)). An area source is any source of HAP not classed as a major
source. EPA proposed a major and area source control rule on 6 February 1998 (63 FR 6288). However, EPA
promulgated only the major source rule on 17 June 1999 (64 FR 32610). On 8 July 2005 at 70 FR 39443, EPA published
a supplementary proposal to the 1998 proposed area source rule. This proposal included control of benzene only from
area sources, based on the Urban Air Toxics Strategy (64 FR 38706, 19 July 1999).

The final area source rule was promulgated 3 January 2007 at 72 FR 26. This rule imposes controls on upstream
Exploration and Production (E&P) area source Triethylene Glycol (TEG) dehydrators having annual through put of ≥3
MMSCFD (Thousand Standard Cubic Feet per Day) or emitting ≥1 TPY (Ton per Year) benzene. Refer to the attached
Flow Charts, Diagrams 1-3, for rule applicability guidance. The Flow Charts are not complete, because of the complexity
of the rule. Nevertheless, the diagrams provide a quick means of understanding the gist of the rule.

1
 “Black oil” facilities, defined as facilities producing crude oil having API (American Petroleum Institute) gravity
<40º and gas oil ratio (GOR) <1740 SCF/B (Standard Cubic Feet per Barrel), and non-black oil TEG dehydrators having
through puts <3 MMSCFD or <1 TPY benzene are exempt from control of TEG dehydrator emissions (40 CFR §§ 63.764
& 63.765).

AREA SOURCE DESIGNATION AND CONTROL STRATEGY

Two area sources designations are included in 40 CFR §63.761; 1.) “UA plus offset and UC,” e.g., the area in
which the dehydrator is located, consisting of the Urbanized Area plus 2 mile buffer zone (offset) surrounding the
Urbanized Area plus the associated Urban Clusters. All non-exempted TEG dehydrators located within a “UA plus offset
and UC” must install controls to reduce benzene emissions to <1 TPY annual average or reduce benzene emissions by 95
percent. 2.) Area not within a “UA plus offset and UC.” Any non-exempted TEG dehydrators located outside of a “UA
plus offset and UC” must adjust and document the glycol-circulating rate to the optimum as defined at 40 CFR § 63.674.
If the sales gas does not achieve pipeline moisture specifications using the EPA optimum glycol flow rate, the operator
may use GRI GLY-Calc™, Version 3 or higher to calculate an alternate glycol circulating rate (40 CFR § 63.764). The
need for an alternate flow rate must be documented and retained. Dehydrators not achieving moisture specifications must
be replaced or the well shut-in. If the TEG dehydrator achieves <3MMSCFD or <1 TPY benzene emissions before the
effective date of the area source rule for that dehydrator, the dehydrator is not subject to the rule, except maintaining
throughput or emission rate data.

AREA SOURCE LOCATION DETERMINATION

EPA assumed 40 CFR Part 63 Subpart HH, as modified on 3 January 2007, was compatible with the U.S. Census
Bureau Urban Cluster reporting procedure. EPA misinterpreted the Office of Management and Budget statement
accepting recommendations of the Census Review Committee (65 FR 82233) by assuming the Census Bureau based
Urban Clusters on a minimum size of 10,000 people (72 FR 28, footnote 4). Actually, the Census Bureau bases Urban
Clusters on a minimum size of 2,500 people (72 FR 28, 40 CFR § 63,761). This error complicates locating the Urban
Cluster, which may be associated with the TEG dehydrator, since the Census Bureau normally does not publish Urban
Cluster maps based on 10,000 minimum people. However, Urban Clusters lists based on 10,000 people minimum are
available from the Census Bureau, but this Census Bureau information includes States not producing oil and gas. Table 1,
adapted from the Census Bureau data, includes only oil and gas producing states.

LOCATING “UA PLUS OFFSET AND UC.”

Two methods of locating the TEG dehydrator relative to the “UA plus offset and UC” ultimately will be
available to owners or operators of TEG dehydrators. A petroleum industry operator developed a computer program for
rapidly locating the dehydrator and corresponding UA plus offset and UC.” This program is not available to yet.

The author includes a manual method in this paper. The computer program is the preferred method, but the
program and associated map data are so extensive as to require a dedicated computer server to make the calculations.
Independent operators may find use of the program cumbersome or too expensive for small operations. Any operator can
use the manual method.

Manual Method
Locating “Urbanized Area Plus Offset.” Using a Global Positioning System (GPS) instrument, obtain the
latitude and longitude for the TEG dehydrator of interest. Purchase a USGS 7.5 minute map(s) on which the dehydrator is
located. Locate the dehydrator on the map and measure North/South, and East/West distances from the dehydrator
location to a road intersection included on the USGS map and the FactFinder map (see below). Open Census Bureau
FactFinder (http://factfinder.consus.gov/jsp/SAFF/info.jsp?-pageid=gn10-select-state). Click on “Maps” (right side of
2
screen), click on “reference maps”, enter “State Name” and, if known, zip code of the place where the dehydrator is
located. Locate on the FactFinder Urbanized Area map the intersection from which measurements were taken on USGS
map. Locate the dehydrator on the FactFinder map using the approximate scale given at the top right of FactFinder map.
Observe if the dehydrator is in a “colored hatched” area of the FactFinder map. If not in a “colored hatched” area, move
to the nearest “colored hatched” area. Draw a two-mile offset along the “colored hatched” area outline (the urbanized
area) using the map scale provided. If the dehydrator is not inside of the offset zone, the dehydrator is not in the “UA
plus offset” and thus, not within the UA plus offset and UC. If the dehydrator is inside the “UA plus offset” zone,
determine whether the dehydrator also is inside an Urban Cluster.

Locating “Urban Clusters”. All the Urban Clusters having ≥10000 people and producing oil and gas are listed
in Table 1. The name of the Urban Cluster is the same as the Urbanized Area name. Thus, if the Urbanized Area name
does not appear in Table 1, the dehydrator is not in an Urban Cluster and, thus outside of the “UA plus offset and UC.”
If the Urbanized Area appears in Table 1, go to http://www.census.gov/geo/www/maps/uc2kmaps.htm. Click on the
Urbanized Area found above. Locate on the map the dehydrator location, using the map scale provided. The Urban
Cluster will appear as a solid blue area and have the cluster name printed in italics (e.g., Ozona, TX 66727). If the
dehydrator is within the Urbanized Area or offset area and the Urban Cluster, the dehydrator is inside of the “UA plus
offset and UC”.

Locating an Urban-1 County. An Urban-1 County is a county containing part of a Metropolitan Statistical Area
having a population >250,000 people. An Urban-1 County is used to establish compliance dates. Metropolitan Statistical
Areas along with populations are found at http://www.census/population/cen2000/phc-t29/tab026.xls.

COMPLIANCE SCHEDULE
Compliance dates for area sources depend on the TEG dehydrator gas throughput, benzene emission rate, physical
location and construction date 1 .

Gas Throughput and Benzene Emission Rate. All TEG dehydrators handling <3MMSCD gas or emitting <1
TPY benzene are exempt from Part 63 Subpart HH, except documenting the annual throughput and emission values. All
E&P TEG dehydrators ≥3 MMSCFD and/or emitting ≥1 TPY benzene, regardless of location, must comply with Part 63
Subpart HH

Physical Location and Compliance Date.

TEG Facility:
Within Urban-1 County. A TEG dehydrator located in an Urban-1 County, constructed before 6 February
1998, and located within a “UA plus offset and UC” must comply by 4 January 2010.
Within Urban-1 County. A TEG dehydrator located in an Urban-1 County, constructed before 6 February
1998, but not located within a “UA plus offset and UC” must comply by 5 January 2009.
Within Urban-1 County. A TEG dehydrator located in an Urban-1 County, constructed after 5 February 1998
and located within or outside an “UA plus offset and UC”, must comply by 3 January 2007 or start-up, if later.
Not within Urban-1 County. A TEG dehydrator not located within an Urban-1 County, constructed after 7
July 2005 must comply by 3 January 2007 or by start-up, if later.
Not within Urban-1 County. A TEG dehydrator not located within an Urban-1 County, constructed before 8
July 2005 and located in a “UA plus offset and UC” must comply be 4 January 2010 or by start-up.
Not within Urban-1 County. A TEG dehydrator not located within an Urban-1 County constructed before 8
July 1998, but not in an “UA plus offset and UC” must comply by 5 January 2009.

1
EPA interrupts “constructed” as meaning “start-up date” of the dehydrator. Refer to e-mail titled “Subject: RE: Questions on the Oil
and Gas Area Source GACT” from Nizich.Greg@epamail.epa.gov to Laura.Worthen@benham.com dated February 20, 2007, 12:18
PM
3
 INSPECTION AND MONITORING
Operators of Area Source TEG dehydrators must visually inspect the closed vent system for defects (40 CFR
§63.773) and submit the inspection results with the Notification of Compliance Status Report. Annual inspections are
required and must be submitted to EPA in the Periodic Report. First attempt repair must be performed within five days of
problem discovery and final repair made within 15 days of problem discovery.
Continuous parameter monitoring system must be installed and maintained for all control devices, such as vent
streams. Also, in the case of dehydrators located outside of a “UA plus offset and UC” the rate of glycol circulation must
be monitored continuously.

DISCUSSION
The rule, controlling emissions from TEG dehydrator in oil and gas producing and treating operations, is long,
complex, and circuitous. Small operators will experience difficulty understanding the rule. Further, Subpart HH deals
with both major and area sources. This approach makes the rule long and confusing. The use of U.S. Census Bureau
technical terms without providing an adequate predicate, offers a major challenge to understanding the rule. In addition,
EPA utilizes a definition of Urban Clusters differing from the Census Bureau definition. To alleviate the problem
resulting from this unconventional definition, this paper provides the required Urban Cluster data, Table 1.

EPA added complexity to the rule by referring the reader to other rule sections, which, in turn, refers the reader
back to the original citations. These endless loops are ignored in this paper and accompanying diagrams, but reinforces
the sense of confusion inherent in the rule.

Establishing applicability of the rule to field operations is a major challenge. Accordingly, the paper contains
three flow charts, Diagrams 1-3, designed to aid the reader in following a path of logical progress through the Area Source
portion of the 63 Subpart HH. The charts are not complete, because the complexity of the rule would make the charts too
lengthy. However, the charts provide references to the important rule provisions in the form of rule section numbers, e.g.,
63.760. Accordingly, the reader can turn to the section cited and read in detail all of the conditions imposed by the rule.

Any TEG dehydrator having a throughput <3 MMSCFD or <1 TPY benzene emissions is exempt from all
provisions of the rule except, documenting the throughput rate or emission rate data. In addition, all dehydrators in Black
Oil service are exempt from 63 Subpart HH. 40 CFR Part 63 Subpart HH imposes some form of control on all other
Triethylene Glycol (TEG) dehydrator in oil and gas producing and gas plant service. For example, TEG dehydrators
located outside of a “UA plus offset and UC” must operate the dehydrator so the glycol circulation rate does not exceed
the optimum rate specified by EPA (40 CFR §63.764). Traditionally, glycol dehydrators are over designed to assure the
contract moisture content is not exceeded as well production conditions change. Exceeding the allowable pipeline
moisture content results in well shut-in until the purchaser test demonstrates the moisture meets specifications. The Area
Source rule reduces the normal moisture safety factor and consumers can expect more wells to be taken out of service
because the moisture content is exceeded.

Gas well productivity declines with age. Thus, maintaining the EPA mandated glycol circulation rate, even with
flow rate measurement and automatic glycol rate adjustment, will be difficult to achieve, since EPA made no allowance
for well flow rate decline with time, Fetkovich 1980. In addition, gas driven glycol pumps have a very limited capacity
for rate adjustment. If the glycol circulation rate is established correctly for the current gas production rate, the natural
decline of the well productivity or a reduction in the gas moisture content can result in exceeding the EPA mandated
glycol flow rate. This can cause the dehydrator owner to be non-compliant unless wells are shut-in. EPA does not
recognize well decline. Thus, there is no guidance as to how much decline in gas rate or change in produced water is
allowable before the circulation rate must be changed or the glycol pump replaced. In effect the well operator is expected
to balance productivity and glycol flow seamlessly and continuously. Glycol pumps are notoriously limited in ability to
vary glycol flow-rate. Accordingly, in many cases, the glycol pump must be changed or the dehydrator replaced to affect
the mandated flow rate. There is a possibility sufficient replacement pumps or dehydrators will not be available. Such a
situation may necessitate shutting-in production until pumps or dehydrators are available. At a minimum, gas production
must cease operations while the pump or dehydrator is replaced.
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 In addition, EPA requires monitoring of the glycol circulation rate. Glycol becomes dirty after use. The installed
glycol filters will remove most of the contaminants, but the remaining entrained solids can affect adversely the flow
sensor (orifice meter, or turbine meter). Keeping the flow meter operating will be a maintenance nightmare.

TEG dehydrators constructed in Urban-1 Counties after 5 February 1998 and TEG dehydrators constructed in non
Urban-1 Counties after 7 July 2005 are required to comply with Subpart 63HH by 3 January 2007, which is the day of
the rule promulgation. In anticipation of the promulgation of the Area Source rule, but not knowing the extent of the
mandated emissions control, many major operators installed emissions controls, which remove 95 percent of the benzene
at a cost of between $70,000 and $125,000 per dehydrator, which typically represents a single well. On the other hand,
EPA assumed operators would install controls reducing benzene emissions to one ton per year. Accordingly, the EPA
cost estimate (72 FR 32) probable is low. Unfortunately, there is no reliable estimate of the number of affected TEG
dehydrators, since States do not maintain dehydrator records by glycol type. Thus, the actual cost of the rule is in serious
question. However, there is little doubt TEG dehydrators operated by small companies are probably out of compliance as
a result of the rule unreasonable implementation date.

CONCLUSIONS
• Small oil and gas companies existing Area Source TEG dehydrators probably are out of compliance, because
the operators were not aware of the early compliance date.
• The economic and fuel availability reduction impact of the Area Source rule is not accurately known, since
the number of existing TEG dehydrators is not known.
• EPA based the Area Source rule “Urbane Cluster” upon population data not normally available in the open
literature.
• The rule does not provide Census Bureau data sufficient for compliance
• Some gas production may be shut-in awaiting replacement of glycol pumps or while moving glycol
dehydrators from well to well.
• The Area Source rule is lengthy, complex and confusing.
• Small oil and gas operators will experience difficulty complying with the rule because of rule complexity.

References

Fetkovich, M.J., 1980. Decline Curve Analysis Using Type Curves, SPE 4629-PA, Journal of Petroleum Technology,
June

Table 1. Urban Cluster with 10,000 or More Population

Census
Census 2000 2000
Urban Cluster Name Population Urban Cluster Name Population
Midland, MI 49,387 Incline Village-Crystal Bay, NV--CA 17,107
Woodland, CA 49,168 Sheridan, WY 17,046
Hanover, PA 48,696 Elko, NV 17,015
Bloomsburg--Berwick, PA 48,245 Rolla, MO 16,919
Paducah, KY--IL 48,035 Tamaqua, PA 16,915
Arroyo Grande--Grover Beach, CA 47,550 Kittanning--Ford City, PA 16,894
San Marcos, TX 47,333 Florence, AZ 16,857
Tulare, CA 47,294 Miami, OK 16,852
Roswell, NM 47,176 Frankfort, IN 16,810
Cape Girardeau, MO--IL 46,968 Elk River, MN 16,782
Sierra Vista, AZ 46,941 Connersville, IN 16,770
Beckley, WV 46,860 Salem, OH 16,757
Manhattan, KS 46,671 Sevierville, TN 16,728

5
Watertown, NY 46,434 Aransas Pass--Ingleside, TX 16,726
Jamestown, NY 46,070 Fort Polk, LA 16,687
Marion, IN 45,867 Kirksville, MO 16,672
Enid, OK 45,654 Crawfordsville, IN 16,659
Salina, KS 45,654 Oil City, PA 16,651
Marion, OH 45,645 Tahlequah, OK 16,614
Grand Island, NE 45,499 Beaver Dam, WI 16,565
Quincy, IL 45,326 Alma, MI 16,561
Findlay, OH 45,284 Wasilla, AK 16,535
Richmond, IN--OH 45,245 Warren, PA 16,521
Sebring--Avon Park, FL 45,123 Newark, NY 16,495
New Philadelphia--Dover, OH 45,072 Ada, OK 16,463
Leavenworth, KS 44,113 Cambridge, OH 16,440
Hutchinson, KS 44,052 Sault Ste. Marie, MI 16,437
Conway, AR 43,891 Newton, IA 16,252
Hammond, LA 43,458 Oak Hill, WV 16,251
Eureka, CA 43,452 Greenfield, IN 16,239
Greenville, MS 43,387 Murray, KY 16,201
New Castle, PA 43,222 Marion, IL 16,117
Pottsville, PA 43,033 Celina, OH 16,108
Lake Havasu City, AZ 42,787 Dixon, CA 16,085
Clemson, SC 42,064 Bastrop, LA 16,077
Adrian, MI 41,983 Warwick, NY--NJ 16,035
Zanesville, OH 41,841 Langford, MS 15,990
Eagle Pass, TX 41,829 Dickinson, ND 15,920
New Iberia, LA 41,588 Cullman, AL 15,867
Conroe, TX 41,402 Oneonta, NY 15,773
Ashtabula, OH 40,785 Great Bend, KS 15,772
East Stroudsburg, PA 40,664 Ennis, TX 15,731
Butler, PA 40,622 Montrose, CO 15,676
Meridian, MS 40,373 Fostoria, OH 15,671
Del Rio, TX 40,335 Circleville, OH 15,653
Hollister, CA 39,923 Peru, IN 15,648
Traverse City, MI 39,726 Marysville, OH 15,645
New Braunfels, TX 39,709 Marco Island, FL 15,593
Delano, CA 39,512 Bedford, IN 15,582
Portsmouth, OH--KY 39,343 Gettysburg, PA 15,532
Lancaster, OH 38,987 Chickasha, OK 15,510
Bluefield, WV--VA 38,737 Jamestown, ND 15,488
Lufkin, TX 38,726 Gainesville, TX 15,472
Reedley--Dinuba, CA 38,662 Tomball, TX 15,464
Muskogee, OK 38,637 Athens, TN 15,425
Bartlesville, OK 38,541 Shelbyville, TN 15,362
Helena, MT 38,451 Crowley, LA 15,359
Orange, TX 38,421 Durango, CO 15,349
Clovis, NM 38,388 Ross Prairie, FL 15,339
Stillwater, OK 38,288 Fallon, NV 15,337
Enterprise, AL 38,276 Gatesville, TX 15,314
Roseburg, OR 38,212 Hereford, TX 15,301
Daphne--Fairhope, AL 38,110 Bartow, FL 15,268
Chambersburg, PA 37,872 Alpena, MI 15,200
Alamogordo, NM 37,817 Goshen, NY 15,183
6
Carlisle, PA 37,695 Stephenville, TX 15,140
Minot, ND 37,679 Warrenton, VA 15,135
Galesburg, IL 37,577 Big Bear Lake, CA 15,123
Tupelo, MS 37,365 Canton, IL 15,111
Spanish Fork, UT 37,276 Wasco, CA 14,986
Oswego, NY 37,200 Forest Lake, MN 14,867
Laplace, LA 37,049 Safford, AZ 14,862
Inverness, FL 36,964 Yazoo City, MS 14,856
Cleburne, TX 36,863 Clearfield, PA 14,783
Prattville, AL 36,853 Picayune, MS 14,773
Fairmont, WV 36,358 Wauchula, FL 14,737
Lockport, NY 36,311 Middlesborough, KY--TN--VA 14,719
Bullhead City, AZ 36,301 Pahrump, NV 14,719
Los Lunas, NM 36,101 Deming, NM 14,687
Key West, FL 35,866 Washington, OH 14,671
Martinsville, VA 35,807 Farmington, MO 14,660
Bridgeton, NJ 35,787 Avenal, CA 14,641
Twin Falls, ID 35,603 Talladega, AL 14,640
Clarksburg, WV 35,469 El Reno, OK 14,602
Paradise, CA 35,274 Mitchell, SD 14,525
South Lake Tahoe, CA--NV 35,262 Solvang--Buellton, CA 14,521
Frankfort, KY 34,961 Borger, TX 14,501
Medina, OH 34,796 Rantoul, IL 14,472
Alliance, OH 34,750 Lebanon, IN 14,429
Selma, CA 34,716 California, PA 14,398
Oroville, CA 34,474 Port Jervis, NY--PA 14,392
Rome, NY 34,164 Branson--Hollister, MO 14,359
Grass Valley, CA 34,019 Globe, AZ 14,304
Luling, LA 33,810 Sonora, CA 14,300
Cartersville, GA 33,685 Coldwater, MI 14,293
Huntsville, TX 33,656 Forrest City, AR 14,286
East Liverpool, OH--WV--PA 33,560 Carthage, MO 14,206
Clinton, IA--IL 33,431 Arcadia, FL 14,199
West Bend, WI 33,288 Mineral Wells, TX 14,185
Garden City, KS 33,142 Siloam Springs, AR--OK 14,143
Georgetown, TX 32,663 Houghton, MI 14,119
Auburn, NY 32,644 Twentynine Palms Base, CA 14,090
Kingman, AZ 32,333 Madison, IN--KY 14,046
Shawnee, OK 31,696 Ionia, MI 14,005
Bozeman, MT 31,591 Effingham, IL 13,995
Sonoma, CA 31,487 Pierre, SD 13,982
Natchez, MS--LA 31,316 West Helena, AR 13,980
Mount Pleasant, MI 31,277 Dumas, TX 13,960
Hopkinsville, KY 31,013 Donaldsonville, LA 13,957
Vicksburg, MS 31,009 Brenham, TX 13,949
Junction City, KS 30,962 Keokuk, IA--IL 13,939
Opelousas, LA 30,946 Rockport, TX 13,934
Owasso, OK 30,910 Taylorville, IL 13,931
Nacogdoches, TX 30,877 Morris, IL 13,927
Hobbs, NM 30,783 Clearlake, CA 13,873
Southern Pines--Pinehurst, NC 30,653 Front Royal, VA 13,828
Butte-Silver Bow, MT 30,615 Murphysboro, IL 13,819
7
Sterling, IL 30,595 Bardstown, KY 13,794
Chillicothe, OH 30,594 El Dorado, KS 13,789
Burlington, IA--IL 30,495 Belen, NM 13,746
Suffolk, VA 30,481 Franklin, LA 13,709
Arcata, CA 30,429 McPherson, KS 13,699
Richmond, KY 30,389 Greenville, OH 13,676
LaGrange, GA 30,281 Lapeer, MI 13,668
Wooster, OH 30,192 Shafter, CA 13,668
Greater Sun Center, FL 30,133 Fillmore, CA 13,631
Bowling Green, OH 30,031 Versailles, KY 13,617
Casa Grande, AZ 29,815 Hudson, NY 13,607
Brighton, CO 29,469 Jacksonville, TX 13,607
Albertville, AL 29,460 Robstown, TX 13,579
Morgan City, LA 29,389 Dickson, TN 13,552
Geneva, NY 29,304 Levelland, TX 13,511
Santa Paula, CA 29,070 Sturgis, MI 13,468
Gloversville, NY 29,000 Mount Pleasant, TX 13,450
Ukiah, CA 28,871 Shelbyville, KY 13,448
Lumberton, NC 28,805 Bucyrus, OH 13,415
Peru--La Salle, IL 28,697 Cornelia, GA 13,408
Mason City, IA 28,330 Canton, MS 13,389
Barstow, CA 28,234 Mountain Home, ID 13,380
Palm Coast, FL 28,141 Blackfoot, ID 13,374
Laramie, WY 28,139 New Freedom--Shrewsbury, PA--MD 13,370
Staunton, VA 28,049 Placid Lakes, FL 13,350
Clermont, FL 27,970 Durant, OK 13,313
Indiana, PA 27,935 Taft, CA 13,302
Mooresville, NC 27,769 Sylacauga, AL 13,291
Milton--Lewisburg, PA 27,743 Okmulgee, OK 13,290
Carlsbad, NM 27,439 Bogalusa, LA 13,257
Sunbury, PA 27,422 Arvin, CA 13,234
Kearney, NE 27,404 Greenfield, CA 13,220
Athens, OH 27,396 Minden, LA 13,205
Ridgecrest, CA 27,274 Bradford, PA--NY 13,169
Freeport, IL 27,151 Fort Morgan, CO 13,133
Placerville, CA 27,108 Jasper, AL 13,132
Lehigh Acres, FL 27,097 Jasper, IN 13,108
Calexico, CA 27,095 Ishpeming, MI 13,091
Plattsburgh, NY 27,076 Avon, CO 13,065
Ruston, LA 26,967 Sulphur Springs, TX 13,064
Morro Bay, CA 26,960 Williston, ND 13,054
Emporia, KS 26,876 Washington, MO 13,019
Cortland, NY 26,820 Fergus Falls, MN 13,013
Russellville, AR 26,635 San Luis, AZ 12,990
Ponca City, OK 26,382 Tehachapi, CA 12,990
Canon City, CO 26,332 Beatrice, NE 12,982
Big Spring, TX 26,299 Henderson, TX 12,968
Delaware, OH 26,270 Taylor, TX 12,956
Norfolk, NE 26,257 Indianola, IA 12,948
Kerrville, TX 26,227 Bellefontaine, OH 12,941
Shelby, NC 26,207 Canyon, TX 12,928
Dodge City, KS 26,164 Harrison, AR 12,923
8
Paris, TX 26,142 Orosi, CA 12,917
Nogales, AZ 26,141 River Falls, WI 12,908
Marshalltown, IA 26,123 Kewanee, IL 12,867
Los Banos, CA 26,036 Grenada, MS 12,837
Starkville, MS 25,973 Shippensburg, PA 12,832
Laurel, MS 25,928 Burley, ID 12,806
Dunkirk--Fredonia, NY 25,857 Clewiston, FL 12,780
Fort Dodge, IA 25,756 Abingdon, VA 12,716
Fremont, NE 25,734 Silverthorne, CO 12,714
Plainview, TX 25,673 Eunice, LA 12,699
Seguin, TX 25,640 Price, UT 12,683
Kingsville, TX 25,618 Ogdensburg, NY 12,668
Warsaw, IN 25,368 Marshall, MO 12,658
Kalispell, MT 25,336 Lindsay, CA 12,644
Castle Rock, CO 25,325 Port Isabel, TX 12,535
Ottumwa, IA 25,218 Mountain Home, AR 12,522
Waynesboro, VA 25,163 Shelton, WA 12,501
Moses Lake, WA 25,112 Twentynine Palms, CA 12,496
Fremont, OH 25,079 Point Pleasant, WV--Gallipolis, OH 12,493
Greenwood, MS 25,028 Boone, IA 12,400
Ilion--Herkimer, NY 25,015 Lawrenceburg--Aurora--Greendale, IN 12,399
Fortuna Foothills, AZ 24,956 Blythe, CA--AZ 12,355
Aberdeen, SD 24,872 Laurens, SC 12,318
Selma, AL 24,775 Kilgore, TX 12,301
Scottsbluff, NE 24,525 Lamesa, TX 12,254
Marquette, MI 24,431 Camden, AR 12,249
Desert Hot Springs, CA 24,333 Sandwich, IL 12,248
Sedalia, MO 24,291 Martinsville, IN 12,246
Anchorage Northeast, AK 24,279 DuBois, PA 12,205
Belle Glade, FL 24,218 Wahpeton, ND--MN 12,184
Lock Haven, PA 24,189 Arkansas City, KS 12,165
North Platte, NE 24,124 Sterling, CO 12,131
Hastings, NE 24,094 Glasgow, KY 12,130
Carbondale, IL 23,976 Coshocton, OH 12,125
Weatherford, TX 23,778 Oskaloosa, IA 12,122
Austin, MN 23,682 Patterson, CA 12,121
Lancaster, SC 23,553 Taos, NM 12,121
Muscatine, IA 23,534 Washington, IN 12,100
Jacksonville, IL 23,512 Brookhaven, MS 12,096
Radford, VA 23,506 Rosamond, CA 12,077
Olean, NY 23,497 Port Lavaca, TX 12,076
Greenville, TX 23,422 London, KY 12,067
Espanola, NM 23,272 Pontiac, IL 12,064
Corsicana, TX 23,182 Boulder City, NV 12,059
Newnan, GA 23,043 Brodheadsville, PA 12,054
Ramona, CA 22,954 King City, CA 12,054
Corcoran, CA 22,758 Cedartown, GA 12,043
Owosso, MI 22,719 Tuskegee, AL 12,005
Somerset, KY 22,594 Harrisburg, IL 11,982
Madisonville, KY 22,482 Bainbridge, GA 11,956
Elizabethtown, PA 22,481 Silver City, NM 11,950
Searcy, AR 22,415 Green River, WY 11,939
9
Winchester, KY 22,265 Big Rapids, MI 11,937
Palatka, FL 22,227 Plymouth, IN 11,935
El Dorado, AR 22,146 Huron, SD 11,916
Waynesboro, PA--MD 22,140 Pleasanton, TX 11,904
Newberg, OR 22,137 Troy, AL 11,903
Cottonwood, AZ 22,135 Indianola, MS 11,891
Amsterdam, NY 22,088 Wabash, IN 11,883
Shenandoah--Frackville, PA 22,079 Poinciana, FL 11,846
Cameron Park, CA 22,066 Moberly, MO 11,839
Brownwood, TX 22,044 Winfield, KS 11,804
Half Moon Bay, CA 22,037 Delavan, WI 11,781
Brawley, CA 22,035 Corinth, MS 11,777
Cedar City, UT 21,978 Ottawa, KS 11,735
Oxford, OH 21,954 Campbellsville, KY 11,733
Logansport, IN 21,896 Coalinga, CA 11,724
Crestview, FL 21,853 El Campo, TX 11,708
Tooele, UT 21,834 Massena, NY 11,703
Valley--Lanett, AL--GA 21,826 Urbana, OH 11,675
Moscow, ID 21,791 Fort Madison, IA--IL 11,638
Gallup, NM 21,737 Lebanon, MO 11,628
Granbury, TX 21,623 Portales, NM 11,625
Watertown, WI 21,579 Excelsior Springs, MO 11,614
Rock Springs, WY 21,555 Braidwood--Coal City, IL 11,607
Crestline, CA 21,531 Conneaut, OH 11,583
Meadville, PA 21,523 Maryville, MO 11,582
Pittsburg, KS 21,508 Vernal, UT 11,569
Blytheville, AR 21,501 Evanston, WY 11,558
New Castle, IN 21,486 Charlotte, MI 11,539
Tifton, GA 21,461 Malone, NY 11,535
Port Angeles, WA 21,434 Soledad, CA 11,524
Faribault, MN 21,426 Wilmington, OH 11,519
Ashland, OH 21,405 Kennett, MO 11,505
Canandaigua, NY 21,403 Fulton, MO 11,489
Immokalee, FL 21,324 Coffeyville, KS--OK 11,447
Riverhead, NY 21,315 Spirit Lake, IA 11,434
Piqua, OH 21,246 Artesia, NM 11,397
Charleston, IL 21,200 Terrell, TX 11,392
Altus, OK 21,188 Berea, KY 11,390
Alice, TX 21,182 North Vernon, IN 11,366
Vincennes, IN 21,126 Silverton, OR 11,362
Marshall, TX 21,044 Paw Paw, MI 11,341
Shamokin, PA 21,035 De Ridder, LA 11,330
Escanaba, MI 21,032 Leeds, AL 11,322
Columbus, NE 21,018 Scottsburg--Austin, IN 11,310
Waynesville, MO 20,943 Laie--Hauula, HI 11,308
Tiffin, OH 20,921 Rochelle, IL 11,306
Kailua (Hawaii County)--Holualoa, HI 20,824 Bellefonte, PA 11,241
Brigham City, UT 20,740 Lake Conroe Westshore, TX 11,232
Islamorada, Village of Islands, FL 20,699 Oxford, PA 11,219
Vandergrift, PA 20,653 Vernon, TX 11,215
Galliano, LA 20,611 Parsons, KS 11,212
Auburn, IN 20,594 Sweetwater, TX 11,205
10
Gillette, WY 20,560 Hornell, NY 11,196
Sanger, CA 20,541 Lake Los Angeles, CA 11,181
Ardmore, OK 20,539 Athens, TX 11,161
Hays, KS 20,499 Parlier, CA 11,138
Sidney, OH 20,437 Mexico, MO 11,115
Okeechobee, FL 20,432 Cadillac, MI 11,110
Norwalk, OH 20,413 Tucson Southeast, AZ 11,100
Oneida, NY 20,383 Woodward, OK 11,088
Gaffney, SC 20,303 Mayfield, KY 11,065
Seymour, IN 20,300 Livingston, CA 11,014
Centralia, IL 20,285 Snyder, TX 10,957
Ottawa, IL 20,235 Spencer, IA 10,927
Woodstock, IL 20,219 Port Clinton, OH 10,925
Homosassa Springs, FL 20,102 Huntingdon, PA 10,901
Duncan, OK 20,075 Van Wert, OH 10,886
Nicholasville, KY 19,895 Lakeport, CA 10,883
Waxahachie, TX 19,763 Plainwell--Otsego, MI 10,871
Bay City, TX 19,708 Pecos, TX 10,819
Rio Grande City, TX 19,676 Keyser, WV--MD 10,796
Mount Vernon, OH 19,454 Kodiak, AK 10,768
McAlester, OK 19,443 New Paltz, NY 10,751
Watertown, SD 19,434 Los Alamos, NM 10,743
Oxford, MS 19,410 Mono Vista, CA 10,733
Newton, KS 19,318 Grove City, PA 10,727
Lewistown, PA 19,313 Lockhart, TX 10,714
Herrin, IL 19,292 Maumelle, AR 10,706
Poplar Bluff, MO 19,282 Payson, AZ 10,703
Paragould, AR 19,270 Paris, KY 10,691
Liberal, KS 19,268 Ketchikan, AK 10,673
Mattoon, IL 19,255 Buffalo, MN 10,654
Macomb, IL 19,254 Storm Lake, IA 10,635
Iron Mountain--Kingsford, MI--WI 19,209 St. Marys, PA 10,613
Shelbyville, IN 19,198 Tallulah, LA 10,603
Georgetown, KY 19,158 Angola, IN 10,583
Rexburg, ID 19,110 Batesville, AR 10,578
Natchitoches, LA 19,020 Andrews, TX 10,569
Yucca Valley, CA 18,992 Arkadelphia, AR 10,565
Claremore, OK 18,957 Dillon, SC 10,555
Crescent City, CA 18,812 Hope, AR 10,540
Val Verde, CA 18,752 Evergreen, CO 10,527
Corning, NY 18,573 Key Biscayne, FL 10,513
Green Valley, AZ 18,571 Corporation of Ranson--Charles Town, WV 10,506
McComb, MS 18,569 Elwood, IN 10,504
Brookings, SD 18,563 Magnolia, AR 10,486
Plaquemine, LA 18,529 Fortuna, CA 10,483
Fernandina Beach, FL 18,491 Atchison, KS--MO 10,482
Streator, IL 18,447 Burkburnett, TX 10,482
Fountain Hills, AZ 18,444 Neosho, MO 10,478
Huntington, IN 18,328 Kendallville, IN 10,464
Pampa, TX 18,322 Guymon, OK 10,461
Lake City, FL 18,311 Wapakoneta, OH 10,453
Athens, AL 18,277 Riverton, WY 10,432
11
Lincoln, IL 18,258 Greensburg, IN 10,416
Park Hills, MO 18,255 Havre, MT 10,413
Lebanon, OH 18,237 Central City--Greenville, KY 10,410
Sayre, PA--Waverly, NY 18,209 Grants, NM 10,404
Beeville, TX 18,159 Woodland Park, CO 10,379
Warrensburg, MO 18,025 Somerset, PA 10,362
Hannibal, MO 17,980 Bishop, CA 10,359
Palestine, TX 17,967 Spearfish, SD 10,354
Oakdale, CA 17,946 Independence, KS 10,345
Las Vegas, NM 17,892 Columbiana, OH 10,317
Eureka--Pacific, MO 17,859 Harrisburg (Orient Correctional Facilities), OH 10,315
Uvalde, TX 17,780 Hartselle, AL 10,304
Sikeston, MO 17,696 Raymondville, TX 10,267
Danville, KY 17,690 Windsor, CO 10,253
Red Bluff, CA 17,633 Decatur, IN 10,247
Dixon, IL 17,585 Lincoln, CA 10,230
Roma, TX 17,542 Jennings, LA 10,222
Galion, OH 17,502 Mount Sterling, KY 10,195
Gun Barrel City, TX 17,484 Maysville, KY--OH 10,186
Mount Vernon, IL 17,472 Vermillion, SD 10,184
Corbin, KY 17,402 Labelle, FL 10,151
Lakeway, TX 17,363 Gallitzin, PA 10,137
Abbeville, LA 17,348 Monmouth, IL 10,123
Gardnerville Ranchos, NV 17,341 Shelby, OH 10,119
Juneau, AK 17,311 Lexington, NE 10,110
Cleveland, MS 17,265 Brazil, IN 10,101
Defiance, OH 17,243 Scottsboro, AL 10,080
Douglas, AZ 17,225 Jackson, WY 10,072
Batavia, NY 17,163 McFarland, CA 10,071
Boone, NC 17,151 Quincy, FL 10,042
Camden, SC 17,129 Willard, OH 10,016
Brainerd, MN 17,126 Gardner, KS 10,001

12
 National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants from Oil and
Natural Gas Production Facilities
40 CFR Part 63, Subpart HH Diagram 1
72 FR 26

63.760 (a)(1)
Upstream oil
& gas
facilities NO Exempt from
Start
and/or gas Subpart HH
procssing
Facilities

? NO
YES
YES

63.764(e) 63.764(e) 63.760(b)(2)

YES GOR NO TEG glycol

API
<1740.5 dehydration
gravity<40
cuft/BBL unit;
? ? ?
NO
YES

63.760(b)
Determine dehydrator location

1. Determine dehydrator latitude & longitude Facility subject to

Subpart HH
2. Plot coordinates on approriate USGS map.

3.Measure N/S & E/W distances from dehydrator

to roads appearing on both Map and Factfinder
63.764(d)(2)(i)
4. GOTO Census Factfinder
http://www.census.gov/geo/www/maps/ua2kmaps. 63.765(a)
htm Emits <1 YES
a. Click on State of interest TPY
b. Click on general area of interest Benzene
c. Increase Factfinder scale until the dehydrator is
close to but >2 miles from the nearest edge of ?
Factfinder 63.764(e)(1)(ii)
d. If no colored area appears on the monitor, the 63.764(d)(2)(i) NO
dehyrator outside of a Urbanized Area plus offset.
e. GOTO Table 1. If the town nearest the
63.2 NO Throughput
dehydrator does not apear in the Table, the
dehydrator is out side an Urbanized Area. If the <3 MMSCFD
town name appears in the Table 1, GOTO
http://www.census.gov/geo/www/maps/uc2kmaps. 63.764(e)(1)(e)(i) ?
htm YES
f. If the dehydrator is located within the Urban
Cluster, the dehydrator is within the UA plus offset 63.760(a)(1)
plus UC
Document!
GOTO
A

13
 Diagram 2 Calculate alternate rate
Report
using GRI-
information
GLYCalcTM, Version
A required by
3.0 or higher!
63.775(b)!

63.775
NO
Operate 63.775(c)(7)
Determine Optimum
Inside NO dehydrator Moisture
Glycol cirulation rate
"UA+offset at or below content meet
using eq. in
& UC" Optimum Pipeline spec
63.764(d)(2)!
? rate ?
YES 63.764 63.764(d)(2) YES
63.765(c) 63.775(c)(7)(ii)
Install Benzene Send signed
emissions controls, Exempt except letter
which lower Optimum rate certifying
benzene by 95% or calculations! optimum Visually
to <1TPY! rate used! inspect
annually,
correct
63.773(c)(2)(iii) 63.775(d) defects
63.773(c) within 15
days.
Initially,
Submit
visually Submit
Cover & YES Notification
Inspect & Notification of
closed vent of
correct Compliace
system Compliace
defects within Status Report
? Staus
15 days?
Report to
Admistrator
within 30
day after 31
December
63.765 63.773(d) 63.77 & 73.775
of each
year'!
Install and maintain
Thermal YES a continuous 63.764(c)(1)
Maintain record
device perameter ``
monitoring system!
?
NO
63.775(d)

Collect
NO YES GOTO
Other control informatin
device rquired by B
63.775(d)(i)-(iii)!
?

14
 DIAGRAM 3
B

63.760(f)(3)(i) 63.760(f)(3)(i) 63.760(f)(3)(i)

63.760(f)(3)
YES Constructed YES YES
Urban-1 Comply by 4
before 6 UA+offset
County Jan. 2010!
Feb. 1998 & UC
? ? ?
NO NO
63.760(f)(5) 63.760(f)(6) 63.760(f)(4) 63.760(f)(3)(ii)

Constructed NO Comply by 3
before 8 Jul. Jan. 2007 or Comply by 5
2005 startup! Jan. 2009
?
YES
63.760(f)(5) 63.760(f)(5)(ii) 63.775(e)(2)(iii)

Submit Notification of
NO Submit Periodic
UA+offset Compy by 5 Compliance Status
reports!
& UC Jan. 2009 Reportw/in 180 days!
?
YES
63.775(d)(1)(ii)
63.760(f)(5)(i)

Comply by 4
Jan. 2010!

15