Name: Tamayo, Lawrence C.

Section: CE2

1. Different Important elements of Environmental Sciences

There are three important elements of environmental sciences, namely as

physical, cultural, and biological elements.
A. Physical Elements
These elements determine the variable character or specific character of
the human habitat and its limitations. This element includes landforms, spaces,
rocks, water and land bodies, soils, and minerals.
B. Cultural Elements
These elements are manmade features. These elements include
economic and social and political elements.
C. Biological Elements
These elements makes up a living organisms. This includes plants,
animals, microorganisms, and man constitute the biosphere.

2. Differentiate Inorganic molecule and Organic molecule. Give examples of

each.
A. Inorganic molecule
Inorganic molecules are simple molecules that are not normally found in
living things. This molecules also do not contain carbon element.
Examples: Table salt, Silver, Diamond, Sulfur
B. Organic molecule
Organic molecules are carbon based molecules. It contains only carbon,
hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, and phosphorus.
Examples: Sugar, Benzene, Methane
3. What are the different forms of energy? Discuss and give examples.
Energy – Capacity or ability to do work.
Different forms of Energy
A. Chemical energy
Energy that is stored within the connections (the bonds) between tiny
parts of a substance (molecules). Some common examples of chemical energy
are contained in fuels such as coal, gasoline, and natural gas.
B. Electrical energy
It is the energy generated by the movement of electrons from one point to
another. Electrons orbit around the nucleus. Some materials, particularly metals,
have electrons that are only loosely attached to their atoms. They can easily be
made to move from one atom to another if an electric or magnetic field is applied
to them. When those electrons move among the atoms of matter, a current of
electricity is created. Some of the examples are batteries, power outlets, and
lightning.
C. Mechanical energy
Mechanical energy is the energy that is possessed by an object due to its
motion or due to its position. Mechanical energy can take the form of either
kinetic energy, which is energy due to an object's motion, or potential energy,
which is stored energy due to an object's position. Some of the examples are
pulleys and screws.
D. Radiant energy
It is the form of energy associated with the movement of light,
electromagnetic waves or particles. Radiant energy includes visible light as well
as other things that are not visible to the unaided eye like x-rays, gamma rays
and radio waves. Some examples are sun light, radio waves and microwaves.
E. Nuclear Energy
Nuclear energy is the energy in the nucleus, or core, of an atom. Atoms
are tiny units that make up all matter in the universe, and energy is what holds
the nucleus together. It is the energy released when the nuclei of atoms are split
or fused. Some examples are nuclear weapons and food treatments.
F. Thermal Energy
Thermal energy refers to the energy contained within a system that is
responsible for its temperature. Heat is the flow of thermal energy. Some
examples are stove, iron, and boiling water.
 4. Discuss the different law of thermodynamics.
Thermodynamics - Thermodynamics deals with the concepts of heat and
temperature and the inter-conversion of heat and other forms of energy. The four
laws of thermodynamics govern the behavior of these quantities and provide a
quantitative description.
A. Zeroth law of thermodynamics
The Zeroth law of thermodynamics states that if two bodies are individually in
equilibrium with a separate third body, then the first two bodies are also in thermal
equilibrium with each other.
B. First law of thermodynamics
First law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy,
states that energy can neither be created nor destroyed, but it can be changed from
one form to another.
C. Second law of thermodynamics
Second law of thermodynamics states that the entropy in an isolated system
always increases. Any isolated system spontaneously evolves towards thermal
equilibrium—the state of maximum entropy of the system.
D. Third law of thermodynamics
Third law of thermodynamics states that the entropy of a system approaches a
constant value as the temperature approaches absolute zero.

5. What is ecosystem? What are the different components of ecosystem?

Ecosystem
An ecosystem is a geographic area where plants, animals, and
other organisms, as well as weather and landscape, work together to form a bubble
of life. Ecosystems contain biotic or living, parts, as well as abiotic factors, or
nonliving parts. Biotic factors include plants, animals, and other organisms. Abiotic
factors include rocks, temperature, and humidity.
Different Components of Ecosystem
Biotic component
Biotic components are the living things that have a direct or indirect
influence on other organisms in an environment. For example plants, animals,
and microorganisms and their waste materials.
 Abiotic Component
Abiotic components of an ecosystem include all chemical and physical
elements i.e. non-living components. Abiotic components can vary from region to
region, from one ecosystem to another. They mainly take up the role of life
supporter.

References:
1. F. M. Ogbe, B.O, Elements of Environmental Studies.
http://oer.sau.edu.ng/Uploads/Books/elements-of-environmental-studies.pdf

2. Hauze D. Organic vs. Inorganic Molecules. https://www.expii.com/t/organic-vs-

inorganic-molecules-definition-overview-10340

3. U.S. Energy Information Administration. What is Energy?

https://www.eia.gov/energyexplained/what-is-energy/forms-of-energy.php

4. Byjus. Thermodynamics. 2021.

https://byjus.com/physics/thermodynamics/#:~:text=Thermodynamics%20%E2%
80%93%20Summary%20and%20Overview,-
%E2%86%92%20In%20simple&text=First%20law%20of%20thermodynamics%3
A%20Energy,any%20isolated%20system%20always%20increases.

5. National Geographic News. Ecosystem.

https://education.nationalgeographic.org/resource/ecosystem