Suguitan, Rachelle Angeline A.
BFS 2A
Skin Diseases
1. Carbuncle - is an infection of the
hair follicle(s) that extends into the
surrounding skin and deep
underlying subcutaneous tissue.
They typically present as an
erythematous, tender, inflamed,
fluctuant nodule with multiple
draining sinus tracts or pustules on
the surface. Systemic symptoms
are usually present, and regional
lymphadenopathy may occur.
2. Hives - also known as urticaria, are
itchy, raised welts that are found
on the skin. They’re usually red,
pink, or flesh colored on lighter skin
and may be flesh colored or
slightly lighter or darker than your
skin tone on brown or black skin.
Sometimes they sting or hurt. In
most cases, hives are caused by
an allergic reaction to a
medication or food or are a
reaction to an irritant in the
environment.
3. Chickenpox - also known as
varicella) is a highly infectious viral
infection caused by the varicella-
zoster virus.
It usually causes mild illness but
can reappear later in life as
shingles. Newborn babies,
pregnant women and people with
a weakened immune system are
at increased risk of serious illness.
Respective Treatment
You can generally treat small boils at
home by applying warm compresses to
relieve pain and promote natural
drainage.
For larger boils and carbuncles,
treatment may include:
• Incision and drainage. Your doctor
may drain a large boil or
carbuncle by making an incision in
it. Deep infections that can't be
completely drained may be
packed with sterile gauze to help
soak up and remove additional
pus.
• Antibiotics. Sometimes your doctor
may prescribe antibiotics to help
heal severe or recurrent infections.
The standard treatment for hives is
antihistamines that don't make you
drowsy. These medications reduce
itching, swelling and other allergy
symptoms. They're available in
nonprescription and prescription
formulations. Drugs that suppress the
immune system.
For most people, chickenpox causes mild
illness that gets better without specific
treatment. You can relieve symptoms
and prevent complications by:
• resting
• drinking plenty of fluids to prevent
dehydration
• using paracetamol to bring down
fevers
• using creams or lotions, such as
calamine lotion, to reduce the
 Anyone who has not had
chickenpox or who has not been
vaccinated against chickenpox is
at risk of infection.
4. Atopic Dermatitis (Eczema) -
Atopic dermatitis, often referred to
as eczema, is a chronic (long-
lasting) disease that causes
inflammation, redness, and
irritation of the skin. It is a common
condition that usually begins in
childhood; however, anyone can
get the disease at any age.
itching – if you have a skin
condition such as eczema ask your
doctor or pharmacist about other
available creams
• wearing mittens to prevent
scratching – these can be worn by
babies and young children
• having colloidal oatmeal baths
may also help reduce itching.
People with serious illness may need
treatment with antiviral medication and
hospital admission.
There are several medications and
therapies that can help manage atopic
dermatitis symptoms. These include:
• Topical steroid creams.
Corticosteroid creams or ointments
keep itching under control and
help repair your skin. You should
use them exactly as directed, as
overuse can cause unpleasant
side effects like thinning skin or loss
of pigment.
• Oral steroids. In severe cases, your
healthcare provider may prescribe
prednisone or other oral
corticosteroids to help control
inflammation. Follow all
instructions. These drugs are only
used short-term due to potential
side effects, such as high blood
sugar, glaucoma, slowed growth
in kids and slower wound healing.
• Dupilumab (Dupixent). This new,
FDA-approved injectable
medication can treat people with
severe atopic dermatitis who
haven’t had success with other
treatment options.
• Antibiotics, antivirals or antifungals.
If atopic dermatitis becomes
infected, your healthcare provider

5. Ringworm - is a common skin
infection that is caused by a
fungus. It’s called “ringworm”
because it can cause a circular
rash (shaped like a ring) that is
usually red and itchy. Anyone can
get ringworm. The fungi that cause
this infection can live on skin,
surfaces, and on household items
such as clothing, towels, and
bedding.
will prescribe these medications to
eliminate infection and relieve
your symptoms.
• Wet dressings. This intensive
approach involves applying
steroid creams, then wrapping the
skin with wet bandages. If you
have a severe flare-up, a provider
may perform this treatment in a
hospital setting.
• Light therapy. People who have
severe flare-ups after traditional
treatments often benefit from light
therapy. During this treatment,
your provider will use controlled
amounts of ultraviolet rays on your
skin. This type of therapy isn’t
recommended long-term, as it
can eventually increase your risk
for skin cancer and premature
aging.
Several nonprescription (over-the-
counter) and prescription antifungal
medications are available to treat
ringworm. Antifungals come in various
forms like creams, gels or powders. Your
healthcare provider can treat more
widespread ringworm with oral antifungal
medication.
References:
Hall, C. A. & Troxell, Todd (2023). Carbuncle. Star Pearls. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554459/#:~:text=A%20carbuncle%20is%20an%
20infection,or%20pustules%20on%20the%20surface
Modglin, L. (2023). Hives: Pictures, Causes, and How to Treat Them. Retrieved
from https://www.healthline.com/health/hives
Chickenpox (n.d.). Better Health Channel. Retrieved from
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/conditionsandtreatments/chickenpox
Atopic Dermatities (n.d.). National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and
Skin Diseases. Retrieved from https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/atopic-
dermatitis#:~:text=Overview%20of%20Atopic%20Dermatitis,the%20disease%20at%20any
%20age
Ringworm (n.d.). Cleveland Clinic. Retrieved from
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/4560-ringworm