CABLE CAPACITY

For Cu Wire Current Capacity (Up to 30 Sq.mm) = 6X Size of

Wire in Sq.mm
Ex. For 2.5 Sq.mm = 6×2.5 = 15 Amp, For 1 Sq.mm = 6×1 = 6 Amp,
For 1.5 Sq.mm = 6×1.5 = 9 Amp

For Cable Current Capacity = 4X Size of Cable in Sq.mm, Ex. For

2.5 Sq.mm = 4×2.5 = 9 Amp

CURRENT CARRYING CAPACITY OF EQUIPMENT

 1 Phase Motor draws Current = 7Amp per HP.

 3 Phase Motor draws Current = 1.25Amp per HP.
 Full Load Current of 3 Phase Motor = HPx1.5
 Full Load Current of 1 Phase Motor = HPx6
 No Load Current of 3 Phase Motor = 30% of FLC
 KW Rating of Motor = HPx0.75
 Full Load Current of equipment = 1.39xKVA (for 3 Phase
415Volt)
 Full Load Current of equipment = 1.74xKw (for 3 Phase
415Volt)

EARTH RESISTANCE

 Earthing Resistance for Single Pit = 5Ω, Earthing Grid =

0.5Ω
 As per NEC 1985 Earthing Resistance should be < 5Ω.
 Voltage between Neutral and Earth <= 2 Volt
 Resistance between Neutral and Earth <= 1Ω
 Creepage Distance = 18 to 22mm/KV (Moderate Polluted
Air) or
 Creepage Distance = 25 to 33mm/KV (Highly Polluted Air)

INSULATION RESISTANCE

 Insulation Resistance Value for Rotating Machine

= (KV+1) MΩ.
 Insulation Resistance Value for Motor (IS 732)
= ((20xVoltage (L-L)) / (1000+ (2xKW)).
  Insulation Resistance Value for Equipment (<1KV)
= Minimum 1 MΩ.
 Insulation Resistance Value for Equipment (>1KV) = KV 1
MΩ per 1KV.
 Insulation Resistance Value for Panel = 2 x KV rating of
the panel.
 Min Insulation Resistance Value (Domestic) = 50 MΩ / No
of Points. (All Electrical Points with Electrical fitting &
Plugs). Should be less than 0.5 MΩ
 Min Insulation Resistance Value (Commercial) = 100 MΩ /
No of Points. (All Electrical Points without fitting &
Plugs).Should be less than 0.5 M Ω.
 Test Voltage (A.C) for Meggering = (2X Name Plate
Voltage) +1000
 Test Voltage (D.C) for Meggering = ( 2X Name Plate
Voltage).
 Submersible Pump Take 0.4 KWH of extra Energy at 1
meter drop of Water.

LIGHTNING ARRESTOR

:Arrestor have Two Rating

1. MCOV=Max. Continuous Line to Ground Operating Voltage.

2. Duty Cycle Voltage. ( Duty Cycle Voltage > MCOV ).

Transformer
 Current Rating of Transformer = KVA x 1.4
 Short Circuit Current of T.C /Generator = Current Rating / %
Impedance
 No Load Current of Transformer =< 2% of Transformer
Rated current
 Capacitor Current (Ic) = KVAR / 1.732xVolt ( Phase-Phase)
 Typically the local utility provides transformers rated up
to 500kVA For maximum connected load of 99kW,
 Typically the local utility provides transformers rated up
to 1250kVA For maximum connected load of 150kW.
 The diversity they would apply to apartments is
around 60%
  Maximum HT (11kV) connected load will be around 4.5MVA
per circuit.
 4No. earth pits per transformer ( 2No. for body and 2No. for
neutral earthing),
 Clearances, approx.1000mm around TC allow for
transformer movement for replacement.

Diesel Generator
 Diesel Generator Set Produces = 3.87 Units (KWH) in 1
Litter of Diesel.
 Requirement Area of Diesel Generator = for 25KW to 48KW
= 56 Sq.meter, 100KW = 65 Sq.meter.
 DG less than or equal to 1000kVA must be in a canopy.
 DG greater 1000kVA can either be in a canopy or skid
mounted in an acoustically treated room
 DG noise levels to be less than 75dBA at 1 meter.
 DG fuel storage tanks should be a maximum of 990 Litter
per unit. Storage tanks above this level will trigger more
stringent explosion protection provision.

Current Transformer
:Nomenclature of CT

 Ratio: input / output current ratio

 Burden (VA): total burden including pilot wires. ( 2.5, 5, 10,
15 and 30VA.)
 Class: Accuracy required for operation ( Metering: 0.2, 0.5,
1 or 3, Protection: 5, 10, 15, 20, 30 ).
 Accuracy Limit Factor:
 Nomenclature of CT: Ratio, VA Burden, Accuracy Class,
Accuracy Limit Factor. Example:1600/5, 15VA 5P10 (Ratio:
1600/5, Burden: 15VA, Accuracy Class: 5P, ALF: 10 )
 As per IEEE Metering CT: 0.3B0.1 rated Metering CT is
accurate to 0.3 percent if the connected secondary burden
if impedance does not exceed 0.1 ohms.
  As per IEEE Relaying (Protection) CT: 2.5C100 Relaying CT
is accurate within 2.5 percent if the secondary burden is
less than 1.0 ohm (100 volts/100A).

Quick Electrical Calculation

Star Connection 1HP = 0.746KW
Line Voltage = √3 Phase 1KW = 1.36HP
Voltage
Line Current = Phase 1Watt = 0.846 Kla/Hr
Current
Delta Connection 1Watt = 3.41 BTU/Hr
Line Voltage = Phase 1KWH = 3.6 MJ
Voltage
Line Current = √3 Phase 1Cal = 4.186 J
Current
1Tone = 3530 BTU
Sq.ft Floor Area = 1200 85
BTU
1Kcal = 4186 Joule
1KWH = 860 Kcal

Overhead conductor / cable size

Cable Size Overhead Conductor Voltage
150,185,300,400,240 ACSR-Panther/Wolf/Dog , KV 33
mm2 Cable AAAC
mm2 150,185,300 ,120 ACSR-Dog/Recon/Rabbit , KV 11
Cable AAAC
150,185,300 ,95,120 ACSR-Dog/Recon/Rabbit , LT
mm2 Cable AAC, AAAC

Transmission / distribution line (span, tower height)

 Height of Tower Span
400KV=30Meter (Base 8.8 400KV = 400 Meter
Meter)
220KV=23Meter (Base 5.2 220KV = 350 Meter
Meter)
220KV Double Circuit=28 Meter 132KV = 335 Meter
66KV=13Meter 66KV = 210 Meter
Voltage wise Conductor Conductor Ampere
400KV=Moose ACSR=500MVA Dog = 300Amp
Load
220KV=Zebra ACSR=200MVA Panther = 514Amp
Load
132KV=Panther ACSR=75MVA Zebra = 720Amp
Load
66KV=Dog ACSR=50MVA Load Rabbit = 208Amp
Moose = 218Amp

Types of Towers
Angle/Deviation Used Type
Up to 2° Suspension Tower A
to 15° 2° Small Angle Tower B
to 30° 15° Medium Angle Tower C
to 60° & Dead 30° Large Angle / Dead End D
End Tower

Tower Swing Angle Clearance (Metal Part to Live

Part)
 Live Part to Metal Part Clearance (mm) Swing Angle
400KV 220KV 132KV 66KV
3050mm 2130mm 1530mm 915mm 0°
- 2130mm 1530mm 915mm 15°
3050mm - - - 22°
- 1830mm 1370mm 760mm 30°
1860mm - - - 44°
- 1675mm 1220mm 610mm 44°

Cable Coding, IS 1554

(A2XFY/FRLS/FRPVC/FRLA/PILC)
Aluminium A
XLPE 2X
Flat Armoured F
Wire Armoured W
Outer PVC Insulation Sheath Y
Steel Round Wire W
Steel double round wire Armoured WW
Steel double Strip Armoured YY
Fire Retardation FR
Low Smoke LS
Low Acid Gas Emission LA
Non Magnetic round wire Armoured WA
Non Magnetic Flat wire Armoured FA
Double Steel Round Wire Armoured FF

Corona Ring Size

Size Voltage
 160mm Ring put at HV end KV 170<
350mm Ring put at HV end KV 170>
450mm Ring put at HV end & 350 mm Ring put KV 275>
at Earth end

Load as per Sq.Ft

Diversity Factor Load/Sq.Ft Type of Load
0.5 Watt/Sq.Ft 1000 Industrial
0.8 Watt/Sq.Ft 30 Commercial
0.4 Watt/Sq.Ft 15 Domestic
0.8 Watt/Sq.Ft 15 Lighting

Size of Ventilation Shaft

Minimum size of Size of ventilation shaft Height of Building in meter
shaft in meter in sq meter
1.0 1.5 9.0
1.2 3.0 12.5
1.5 4.0 and above 15

Size of Capacitor for Power Factor Correction

For Motor
Size of Capacitor = 1/3 Hp of Motor ( 0.12x KW of Motor)
For Transformer
of KVA Rating 5% KVA 315 <
of KVA Rating 6% KVA to 1000 KVA 315
of KVA Rating 8% KVA 1000>

Earthing Resistance value

 Earthing Resistance Value
Ω 0.5 Power Station
Ω 1.0 Sub Station Major
Ω 2.0 Sub Station Minor
Ω 5.0 Distribution Transformer
Ω 10 Transmission Line
Ω 5.0 Single Isolate Earth Pit
Ω 0.5 Earthing Grid
As per NEC Earthing Resistance should be <5.0 Ω

Standard Voltage Limit

Indian Elect. IEC IEC Voltage
Rule (6100:3.6) (60038)
V 50 < ELV
V 250 < KV 1=< V to 1 50 LV
KV
V to 650 V 250 KV 35 =< MV
V to 33 650 KV 230 =< 1KV > HV
KV
KV 33 > KV 230 > EHV

Substation Capacity and Short Circuit Current

Capacity
As per GERC
Short Circuit Current Sub Station Capacity Voltage
KA (1 to 3 Sec) 40 Up to 1000 MVA KV 400
KA (1 to 3 Sec) 40 Up to 320 MVA KV 220
KA (1 to 3 Sec) 32 Up to 150 MVA KV 132
KA (1 to 3 Sec) 25 Up to 80 MVA KV 66
 KA (Urban) (1 to 3 35 MVA to 5 MVA 1.5 KV 33
Sec)
KA (Rural) (1 to 3 Sec) 25 KVA to 1.5 MVA 150 KV 11
KA (1 to 3 Sec) 10 KVA to 150 KVA 6 V 415
KA (1 to 3 Sec) 6 Up to 6 KVA V 220

Minimum Ground Clearance and Fault Clearing

Time
Fault Clear Time Min. Ground Voltage
Clearance
mille second 100 Meter 8.8 KV 400
mille second 120 Meter 8.0 KV 220
mille second 160 Meter 6.1 KV 132
mille second 300 Meter 5.1 KV 66
- Meter 3.7 KV 33
- Meter 2.7 KV 11

Busbar Ampere Rating

Aluminium 130 Amp / Sq.cm or 800Amp / For Phase Busbar
.Sq.inch
Copper 160 Amp / Sq.cm or 1000Amp / For Phase Busbar
Sq.inch
Same as Phase Busbar up to 200 Amp than For Neutral
Size of Neutral Busbar is at least half of Busbar
.Phase Busbar

Busbar Spacing
26mm (Min) Between Phase and Earth
32mm (Min) Between Phase and Phase
 .250mm Busbar Support between Two
Insulator

Standard Size of MCB, MCCB, ELCB, RCCB,

SFU and Fuse
MCB, MCCB, ELCB, RCCB, SFU, Fuse – Standard Ratings
Up to 63 Amp (80Amp and 100 Amp a per MCB
Request)
Up to 1600 Amp (2000 Amp as per Request) MCCB
Above 1000 Amp ACB
6A,10A,16A,20A,32A,40A,50A,63A MCB Rating
0.5A,1A,2A,4A,6A,10A,16A,20A,32A,40A,50A,63A MCCB Rating
,80A,100A (Domestic Max 6A)
6A,10A,16A,20A,32A,40A,50A,63A,80A,100A RCCB/ELCB
30ma (Domestic),100ma (Industrial),300ma Sen. of ELCB
5A,15A,30 A for 250V DPIC (Double
Pole Iron Clad)
main switch
30A, 60A, 100A, 200 A For 500 V TPIC (Triple Pole
Iron Clad) main
switch
5A, 10A, 16A, 32A and 63 A for 250V DPMCB
100A,200A, 300Aand 500 A For 660 V TPMCCB
30A, 60A, 100A, 200A, 300 A For 500 V TPN main switch
16A, 32A,63A For 500 V, beyond this TPNMCCB: TPNMCB
100A, 200A, 300A, 500 A For 660 V
16A,32A,63A,100A,200A TPN Fuse Unit
(Rewirable)
32A,63A,100A,200A,300A,400A,630A,800A Change over
switch (Off
Load)
32A,63A,100A,125A,160A,200A,250A,315A,400A, SFU (Switch
630A Fuse Unit)
 125A,160A,200A,250A,400A.630A HRC Fuse TPN
(Bakelite)
16A,32A,63A HRC Fuse DPN
(Bakelite)
MCB/MCCB/ELCB Termination Wire / Cable
Max. 25 Sq.mm Up to 20A MCB
Max. 35 Sq.mm 20A to 63A MCB
Max. 25 Sq.mm MCCB
Sq.mm 16 6A to 45A ELCB
Sq.mm 35 24A to 63A ELCB
Sq.mm 50 80A to 100A
ELCB

Standard Size of Transformer (IEEE/ANSI

57.120)
Three Phase Transformer Single Phase Transformer
3KVA, 5KVA, 9KVA, 15KVA, 5KVA, 10KVA, 15KVA, 25KVA,
30KVA, 45KVA, 75KVA, 37.5KVA, 50KVA, 75KVA, 100KVA,
112.5KVA, 150KVA, 225KVA, 167KVA, 250KVA, 333KVA,
300KVA, 500KVA, 750KVA, 500KVA, 833KVA, 1.25KVA,
1MVA, 1.5MVA, 2MVA, 2.5MVA, 1.66KVA, 2.5KVA, 3.33KVA,
3.7MVA, 5MVA, 7.5MVA, 5.0KVA, 6.6KVA, 8.3KVA,
10MVA, 12MVA, 15MVA, 10.0KVA, 12.5KVA, 16.6KVA,
20MVA, 25MVA, 30MVA, 20.8KVA, 25.0KVA, 33.33KVA
37.5MVA, 50MVA, 60MVA,
75MVA, 100MVA

Standard Size of Motor (HP)

Electrical Motor (HP)
 ,100 ,75 ,60 ,50 ,40 ,30 ,20 ,15 ,10 ,7.5 ,5 ,3 ,2 ,1.5 ,1
,800 ,700 ,600 ,500 ,450 ,400 ,300 ,250 ,200 ,150 ,125
,3000 ,2250 ,2000 ,1750 ,1500 ,1250 ,1250 ,1000 ,900
and 4000 3500

Approximate RPM of Motor

RPM HP
RPM 750 HP 10 <
RPM 600> HP to 30 HP 10
RPM 500 HP to 125 HP 30
RPM 375 HP to 300 HP 125

Motor Line Voltage

Line Voltage Motor (KW)
V (LV) 440> KW 250 <
KV to 4.1 KV (HV) 2.5 KW to 3000KW 150
KV to 7.2 KV (HV) 3.3 KW to 3000KW 200
KV to 13.8 KV (HV) 6.6 KW to 1500KW 1000

Motor Starting Current

Max. Starting Current Size of Motor Supply
X Motor Full Load Current 6 HP 1 < Phase 1
X Motor Full Load Current 3 HP to 10 HP 1 Phase 1
X Motor Full Load Current 2 HP 10 Phase 3
X Motor Full Load Current 2 HP to 15 HP 10 Phase 3
X Motor Full Load Current 1.5 HP 15 > Phase 3

Motor Starter
 Torque Starting Current HP or KW Starter
Good X Full Load Current 7 HP (11KW) 13< DOL
Poor X Full Load Current 3 HP to 48 HP 13 Star-Delta
Good/ X Full Load Current 4 HP (37 48 > Auto TC
Average KW)
Excellen to 1.5 X Full Load 0.5 VSD
t Current
Motor > 2.2KW Should not connect direct to supply voltage if it
is in Delta winding

Impedance of Transformer (As per IS 2026)

Impedance % MVA>
5% MVA 1 <
6% MVA to 2.5 MVA 1
7% MVA to 5 MVA 2.5
8% MVA to 7 MVA 5
9% MVA to 12 MVA 7
10% MVA to 30 MVA 12
12.5% MVA 30 >

Standard Size of Transformer

KVA Standard Size of Transformer
16 ,10 ,8 ,6 ,3 Power Transformer (Urban)
5 ,3.15 ,1.6 ,1 Power Transformer (Rural)
,400 ,315 ,250 ,100 ,63 ,50 ,25 Distribution Transformer
630 ,500

Transformer earthing wire / Strip size

 Neutral Earthing Body Earthing Size of T.C
or DG
mm Cu Strip 3×25 mm Cu / 40×6 mm GI 3×25 KVA 315<
Strip
mm Cu Strip 3×25 mm Cu / 40×6 mm GI 3×25 KVA to 315
Strip 500 KVA
mm Cu Strip 3×40 mm Cu / 40×6 mm GI 3×25 KVA to 500
Strip 750 KVA
mm Cu Strip 3×50 mm Cu / 40×6 mm GI 3×25 KVA to 750
Strip 1000 KVA

Motor earthing wire / Strip size

Body Earthing Size of Motor
SWG GI Wire 85 KW 5.5 <
mm GI Strip 6×25 KW to 22 KW 5.5
mm GI Strip 6×40 KW to 55 KW 22
mm GI Strip 6×50 KW 55>

Max. lock rotor amp for 1-phase 230V motor

(NEMA)
Amp HP
Amp 45 HP 1
Amp 50 HP 1.5
Amp 65 HP 2
Amp 90 HP 3
Amp 135 HP 5
Amp 200 HP 7.5
Amp 260 HP 10

Service factor of motor

 Synchronous Speed (RPM) HP
514 600 720 900 1200 1800 3600
RPM RPM RPM RPM RPM RPM RPM
1 1 1 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.25 HP 1
1.15> 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 to 1.25 1.5
HP
1 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 HP 150
1 1 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 1.15 HP 200
1 1 1 1 1 1.15 1 HP 200 >