1.

0 DESIGN BRIEF FOR STRUCTURAL WORKS

1. DESIGN CODES AND STANDARDS

The following Codes of Practice and Standards have been used for the design:
a) British Standard Bs 6399 – Part 1 : Code Practice for Dead and imposed load
b) British Standard BS 8110 – Part 1 : 2000 The Structural Use Of Concrete In Building
c) British Standard BS 5950 – Part 1 : 2000 Structure Use of Steelwork in Building
d) British Standard BS 5950 – Part 5 : 2000 Code of Practice for Design of Cold Formed Thin
Gauge Section
e) British Standard BS 8004 : Code of Practice for Foundation
f) Malaysia Standard MS 1553 : 2002 – Code of Practice on Wind Loading for Building
structure

2. STRUCTURAL MATERIALS
a) Concrete
Concrete materials comply with the following British Standard or equivalent Malaysia
Standards.
• Portland Cement – B.S. 12
• Testing Aggregate – B.S. 814
• Aggregate – B.S. 882
• Testing Concrete – B.S. 1881

Concrete Grades:
Location Grades
Pilecaps Grade 30
Stumps & Columns Grade 30
All others Grade 30

b) Reinforcement
Bar and fabric reinforcement for R.C works shall comply with the following:
References Characteristic Yield
Items Remarks
Standard Strength
BS 4449
Reinforcement Mild steel for
BS 4482 250 N/mm2
Bars stirrups only
BS 4464
BS 4449
Reinforcement
BS 4482 500 N/mm2 High Yield Steel
Bars
BS 4464
For slab and wall
Steel Fabric BS 4483 485 N/mm2
reinforcement
3. STRUCTURAL STEEL SECTION
• Comply to B.S 4
• Grade 43A
• Yield strength = 275 N/mm2
• Modulus of elasticity, E = 205000 N/mm2
• Poison’s ratio = 0.3

4. DESIGN LOADS

a) Dead Loads, DL
• Concrete density = 24.0 kN/m3
• 200mm thk. AAC wall = 2.50 kN/m3
• Steel = 78.5 kN/m3

b) Live/ Imposed Load, LL

• Ground floor = 5.0 kN/m2
• First floor = 12.0 kN/m2
• Second floor = 5.0 kN./m2
• Third floor = 15 kN/m2
• Fourth floor = 10 kN/m2
• Roof plan = 10 kN/m2

c) Wind Load, WL
Wind loads on structural elements are computed as per recommended by Malaysia
Standard MS 1553:2002
• Basic wind Speed, Vs = 33. 5 m/sec
• Design wind speed, ρ = 0.613(Vs)2(Mzcat)2(Cpe – Cpi)

d) Crane Load
Crane capacity = 10 Ton

5. LOAD COMBINATIONS
a) 1.4DL + 1.6LL
b) 1.2DL + 1.2LL + 1.2WL
c) 1.2DL + 1.2LL + 1.2VCL
d) 1.4DL + 1.4WL
e) 1.4DL + 1.6VCL
f) 1.4DL + 1.4HCL
2.0 DERIVATION OF LOAD
1. CRANE LOAD, CL
Crane capacity = 10 Ton

Total static load at each wheel,

Lifting weight = 10 Ton
Girder = 4 Ton
Hoist = 1 Ton
Total = 15 Ton = 150 kN

Vertical load, Ry = Increase static wheel load by 25%

= 1.25 x 150
= 187.5 kN

Transverse load, Rx = 10% of lifting weight + hoist

= [(9100 + 10) x 1.25] x 0.1
= 13.75 kN

Longitudinal load, Rz = 5% of Ry
= 0.05 x 187.5
= 9.375 kN

2. WIND LOAD, WL
Design wind pressure, ρ = 0.613(Vs)2 (Mzcat)2 (Cpe – Cpi)
Basic wind speed, Vs = 33.5 m/s (Figure A1, Zone 1)
Terrain/height multiplier, Mzcat = 1.16 (Table A1, Category 1)

Plan Elevation

B = 22 m α = 0o
d = 85 m d/b = 3.86
h = 30 m h/d = 0.35
Cpe for windward wall = + 0.8 (Clause A2.3)
Cpe for leeward wall = - 0.3 (Table A2)

Cpi = + 0.1, - 0.3 (Caluse A2.1)

ρ = 0.613(33.5)2(1.16)2(Cpe – Cpi)
= 798(Cpe – Cpi) pa
= 0.798 (Cpe – Cpi) kN/m2

Cpe – Cpi (kN/m2)

Cpi
Cpe -0.3 +0.1
Windward wall +0.8 +0. 8-(-0.3) = 1.1 +0.8-0.1 = 0.7
Leeward wall -0.3 -0.3-(-0.3) = 0.0 -0.3-0.1 = -0.4

Case 1

Case 2

Adopt WL = 0.88 kN/m2