HOOP TENSION on CIRCULAR PIPES and TANKS

1m
A
T t
Pe Pi FB Projection of AB
D
(A = D m2)

T t
B
FB = pA or ( pi – pe ) ( D x 1)
FV  0 FB
T FB = ( pi – pe ) D
2
 1m
A
T t
Pe Pi FB Projection of AB
D
(A = D m2)

T t
B
FB = pA or ( pi – pe ) ( D x 1)
FV  0 FB
T FB = ( pi – pe ) D
2
Unit stress in the pipe wall:
T T
s or
A (t )(1)
T
s
(t )
where t is the thickness of the pipe.
If the outside surface of the pipe line is exposed to the atmosphere or Pe = 0.
then:

FB = ( pi) D

If the allowable stress of the pipe material is known, sa, the theoretical
thickness of the pipe is obtained as
T
tt 
sa
The theoretical spacing of hoops is determined to be

s a Ah
S
T
Where:
Sa – is the allowable stress in the hoop
Ah – is the cross sectional area of the hoop
T - is the tensile force in the pipe wall.
Example 1:
A wood-stave pipe is bound by steel rods which take the entire bursting stress.
Find the proper spacing for 25 mm round steel rods for a 1800 mm wood-stave
pipe under a head of 60 m of water if the working stress in the steel is 105
MPa.

Solution: Consider 1 m length of pipe and 1 rod

sa Ah
The theoretical spacing of hoops is determined to be S
T
Where: Sa = allowable stress in the hoop
Ah = Cross-sectional area of the hoop
T = Tensile force in the pipe
FB = pA =ωh ( D x 1) = 9.81 (60)(1.80)(1) = 1059.48 kN per one meter length of pipe
FB 1059.48
T = = 529.74 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
2 2
𝑘𝑁 π 2
s A 105,000 [ 0.025 ]𝑚2
S a h = 𝑚2 4
529.74 𝑘𝑁/𝑚
= 0.097 𝑚 𝑜𝑟 9.7 𝑐𝑚
T
Example 2
A vertical cylindrical container, 1.60 m in diameter and 4m high, is held together
by means of hoops, one at the top and the other at the bottom. A liquid of specific gravity
1.40 stands 3m in the container. Calculate the tension in each hoop.
1.60 m
T1 2T1 A

1.0 m
T1 3.0 m
4.0 m yp = 2.0
s.g.= 1.40 G
3.0 m F
P
1.0 m
T2 2T2 B
Solution: T2

F = Aωħ = (1.6)(3)(9.81)(1.40)(1.50) = 98.885 kN

𝐼𝑔 1/12 1.6 3 3
yp = Ӯ + = 1.5 + = 2.0 𝑚
𝐴Ӯ (1.6)(3)(1.5)

Location of F from A = 1 + 2 = 3.0.m

∑FH = 0
∑MA = 0 2T1 + 2T2 = F
2T2 (4) – F (3) =0 2T1 = F - 2T2
8T2 = 98.885 (3) = 98.885 – 2(37.082)
T2 = 37.082 kN T1 = 12.360 kN