Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Lý thuyết
Lý thuyết
Lý thuyết
1
2. Goods on consignment (Gửi bán).................................................................................................................37
3. Sale returns....................................................................................................................................................38
4. Installment sale (Trả chậm)...........................................................................................................................38
5. Hàng khuyến mại cho khách..........................................................................................................................39
6. Quy trình kết chuyển (Determine the business result).................................................................................40
7. Cách tự cho số liệu........................................................................................................................................43
Exercise 1: Company H applies the deductible VAT method and the perpetual
inventory system. In June 2016, transactions incurred as below (CU: 1.000 VND)
1. Selling products in cash: 22.000, including 10% VAT (Cash receipt voucher
No.001).
Dr acc 111: 22.000
Cr acc 511: 22.000: 1,1 = 20.000
4
Cr acc 3331: 2.000
2. Deposit of 30.000 cash into the company’s bank account (Cash payment
voucher No.002), the accountant had not received Credit note from bank yet.
Dr acc 112: 30.000
Cr acc 111: 30.000
3. Transportation expense for selling products paid by cash 1.000 (Cash payment
voucher No.005).
Dr acc 641: 1.000
Cr acc 111: 1.000
4. Dispatching cash in advance for employees to purchase inventories: 20.000
(Cash payment voucher No.006).
Dr acc 141: 20.000
Cr acc 111: 20.000
5. Paying cash for the company’s office renting: 18.000 (Cash payment voucher
No.007).
Dr acc 642: 18.000
Cr acc 111: 18.000
6. Withdrawing cash from bank account to pay in cash fund in the company:
100.000 (Cash receipt voucher No.008, Debit note).
Dr acc 111: 100.000
Cr acc 112: 100.000
7. Receiving interest income by cash on hand: 20.000 (Cash receipt voucher
No.009, Debit note).
Dr acc 111: 20.000
Cr acc 515: 20.000
8. Dispatching cash to buy stationaries used for administration purpose: 1.200
(Cash payment voucher No.010).
Dr acc 642: 1.200
5
Cr acc 111: 1.200
9. Dispatching cash fund for bank loan interest: 3.000 (Cash payment voucher
No.011).
Dr acc 635: 3.000
Cr acc 111: 3.000
10. Withdrawing cash in bank to pay in cash fund: 25.000 (Debit note received).
Dispatching cash to pay salary to employees: 20.000 (Cash payment voucher
No.012).
* Withdrawing cash:
Dr acc 111: 25.000
Cr acc 112: 25.000
* Dispatching cash:
Dr acc 334: 20.000
Cr acc 111: 20.000
11. There was a surplus of cash from the physical count at the end of the month:
1.250. This amount had been still in investigation (Chưa tìm thấy lý do).
Dr acc 111: 1.250
Cr acc 3381: 1.250
Mở rộng: Đã tìm thấy lý do là chi cho bộ phận administration.
(1):
Dr acc 3381: 1.250
Cr acc 111: 1.250
(2):
Dr acc 642: 1.250
Cr acc 111: 1.250
(1) + (2):
Dr acc 3381: 1.250
6
Dr acc 642: 1.250
Cr acc 111: 1.250
7
Ex: Reconciling bank statements to the debit balance of accountant cash at bank,
there was a shortage of 2.000, the shortage reason has been still under
investigation.
No recorded.
10
Dr acc 611: Purchases
Dr acc 1331: Deductible VAT of goods and services
Cr acc 111/112
Cr acc 331: Trade payables
Bước 3: Issuing
Bỏ qua hết tất cả các giao dịch về issuing
Bước 4: Đề cho CB 151,152,153
Issuing = OB + Receiving - CB
Dr acc 621: Direct raw material costs
Dr acc 627: Production overheads
Dr acc 641: Selling expenses
Dr acc 642: General administration expenses
Cr acc 611: Purchases
Exercise 2: Company M applies deductible VAT method and periodic inventory
system. In August 2016, there was document about material A as follow (CU:
1.000 VND)
A. Opening inventory for material A: 1.000 kg, value: 20.000
B. Material A received in stock in August 2016:
- On 2nd Aug: Receiving 500 kg material A, actual unit cost: 20,5
- On 10th Aug: Receiving 1.000 kg material A, actual unit cost: 20
- On 16th Aug: Receiving 300 kg material A, actual unit cost: 20,2
- On 24th Aug: Receiving 800 kg material A, actual unit cost; 20,3
- On 29th Aug: Receiving 500 kg material A, actual unit cost: 20,4
C. Material A issued for producing purpose in August 2016:
- On 5th Aug: Issuing 400 kg material A
- On 8th Aug: Issuing 800 kg material A
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- On 12th Aug: Issuing 500 kg material A
- On 20th Aug: Issuing 800 kg material A
- On 28th Aug: Issuing 500 kg material A
Bài làm
Bước 1: Transfer account
Dr acc 611: 20.000
Cr acc 152: 20.000
Bước 2: Transaction about purchase
02/8: Dr acc 611: 500 x 20,5
Cr acc 111/112/331: 500 x 20,5
10/8: Dr acc 611: 1000 x 20
Cr acc 111/112/331: 1000 x 20
16/8: Dr acc 611: 300 x 20,2
Cr acc 111/112/331: 300 x 20,2
24/8: Dr acc 611: 800 x 20,3
Cr acc 111/112/331: 800 x 20,3
29/8: Dr acc 611: 500 x 20,4
Cr acc 111/112/331: 500 x 20,4
Bước 3: Issuing (Bỏ qua hết tất cả các giao dịch về issuing)
Bước 4: Cho CB: 1.100kg, value: 22.380
Issuing = OB + Receiving – CB
= 20.000 + (500 x 20,5 + 1000 x 20 + 300 x 20,2 + 800 x 20,3 + 500 x 20,4) – 22.380
= 60.370
Dr acc 621: 60.370
Cr acc 611: 60.370
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8. Các giao dịch khó liên quan đến chứng từ của giao dịch
mua vật tư (Purchase)
- Trong giao dịch mua và nhập kho thì kế toán cần có đủ 2 chứng từ:
+ VAT invoice (Hóa đơn GTGT): Khi có hóa đơn này thì mới được định khoản vào
acc 133
+ Goods receipt note (Phiếu nhập kho): Khi có hóa đơn này thì mới được định
khoản vào acc 152,153
Case 1: Receive VAT invoice and Goods receipt note at the same time.
Dr acc 152/153
Dr acc 1331
Cr acc 111/112/331
Case 2: Receive VAT invoice first
- During the month, receiving Goods receipt note (Same Case 1)
Ex: 5/9 received VAT invoice for 2.000 materials A value 20.000 excluding 10%
VAT, 27/9 received Goods receipt note.
Dr acc 152: 20.000
Dr acc 1331: 20.000 x 10% = 2.000
Cr acc 111/112/331: 22.000
- If at the end of the month, not received Goods receipt note, based on VAT invoice
Dr acc 151: Goods in transit
Dr acc 1331
Cr acc 111/112/331
- In the next month, received Goods receipt note
Dr acc 152/153
Cr acc 151
Ex: Purchase 100 units of material A on credit from A company, value: 22.000.000
including 2.000.000 VAT, according to the invoice dated 15/9. At the end of
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month, the accountant hasn’t received the Goods receipt note of this purchase. In
10/10 received Goods receipt note.
15/9:
Dr acc 151: 20.000.000
Dr acc 1331: 2.000.000
Cr acc 331: 22.000.000
10/10:
Dr acc 152: 20.000.000
Cr acc 151: 20.000.000
Case 3: Receive inventory first/ Goods receipt note first
- During the month, receiving VAT invoice (Same Case 1)
- If at the end of the month, not received VAT invoice, based on temporary price
Dr acc 152/153
Cr acc 111/112/331
(Not record acc 1331 because there is no VAT invoice yet)
- In the next month, received VAT invoice
Ex: 30/4 received 50 materials A, value: 500 excluding 10% VAT. 20/5 received
VAT invoice on credit.
30/4:
Dr acc 152: 500
Cr acc 331: 500
20/5:
+ Price 600, excluding 10% VAT
Dr acc 152: 100
Dr acc 1331: 600 x 10% = 60
Cr acc 331: 160
14
+ Price 420, excluding 10% VAT
Dr acc 1331: 420 x 10% = 42
Dr acc 331: 500 - 420 - 42 = 38
Cr acc 152: 80
15
CHAPTER 3: ACCOUNTING FOR FIXED ASSET
1. Phân biệt tools and supplies và fixed asset
a) Tools and supplies
- Value < 30 million
- Useful life < 1 year
b) Fixed asset
- Value > 30 million
- Useful life > 1 year
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- Non-deductible tax:
+ Import tax: Thuế nhập khẩu
+ Special tax: Thuế tiêu thụ đặc biệt
- Lưu ý: Các chi phí không được tính vào nguyên giá:
+ Maintenance: Chí phí bảo trì, bảo dưỡng
+ Training cost: Chi phí đào tạo nhân viên
+ Insurance expense: Chi phí mua bảo hiểm
Dr acc 627: Production overheads
Cr acc 111/112/331
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+ Depreciation expense (Annual depreciation) = Cost of fixed asset/ Useful life
+ Depreciation expense (Annual depreciation) = (Cost of fixed asset – Residual
value)/ Useful life
Dr Acc 627: Production overheads
Dr Acc 641: Selling expenses
Dr Acc 642: General administration expenses
Cr Acc 214: Depreciation of fixed assets
18
Dr acc 1332: 500.000 x 10% = 50.000
Cr acc 112: 570.000
Work in process:
Dr acc 154: Work in progress: 25.000
Cr acc 152: Raw materials: 15.000
Cr acc 334: Payables to employees: 6.000
Cr acc 111: Cash on hand: 4.000
Testing product:
Dr acc 155: Finished goods: 16.000
Cr acc 154: Work in progress: 16.000
Dr acc 2411: Acquisition of fixed assets: 25.000 - 16.000 = 9.000
Cr acc 154: Work in progress: 25.000 - 16.000 = 9.000
Dr acc 211: Tangible fixed assets: 520.000 + 9.000 = 529.000
Cr acc 2411: Acquisition of fixed assets: 520.000 + 9.000 = 529.000
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Dr acc 811: Other Expenses (Ghi nhận khoản chưa khấu hao hết của TSCĐ)
Dr acc 214: Depreciation of fixed assets
Cr acc 211: Tangible fixed assets
b) Recorded income (dựa vào fair value - giá trị trên thị trường)
Dr acc 131: Trade receivables
Cr acc 711: Other Income (Fair value)
Cr acc 3331: Value Added Tax (VAT)
c) Received new fixed asset (Nhận về tài sản mới)
Dr acc 211: Tangible fixed assets
Dr acc 1332: Deductible VAT of fixed assets
Cr acc 331: Trade payables
d) Make payment
TH1: Tài sản đem đi trao đổi của mình > Tài sản đem đi trao đổi của công ty còn
lại
Dr acc 111/112/131
Dr acc 331: Trade payables
Cr acc 131: Trade receivables
TH2: Tài sản đem đi trao đổi của mình < Tài sản đem đi trao đổi của công ty còn
lại
Dr acc 331: Trade payables
Cr acc 131: Trade receivables
Cr acc 111/112/331
Ex: Giả định rằng mình là công ty A. The different will be paid by cash on hand.
Company A: Truck Company B: Plant
Cost of fixed asset: 2.000 Cost of fixed asset: 2.500
Accumulated depreciation: 1.200 Accumulated depreciation: 2.100
Fair value: 900, excluding 10% VAT Fair value: 600, excluding 10% VAT
B1: Cancel fixed asset (Xóa tài sản cố định)
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Dr acc 811: 2.000 – 1.200 = 800
Dr acc 214: 1.200
Cr acc 211: 2.000
B2: Recorded income (dựa vào fair value - giá trị trên thị trường)
Dr acc 131: 900 + 90 = 990
Cr acc 711: 900
Cr acc 3331: 900 x 10% = 90
B3: Received new fixed asset (Nhận về tài sản mới)
Dr acc 211: 600
Dr acc 1332: 60
Cr acc 331: 660
B4: Make payment
TH1: Tài sản đem đi trao đổi của mình > Tài sản đem đi trao đổi của công ty còn
lại (990 > 660)
Dr acc 111: 990 – 660 = 330
Dr acc 331: 660
Cr acc 131: 990
21
Ex: Equipment acquired at cost of 10.000 had a balance of accumulated
depreciation: 7.000. The equipment sold for 3.300 cash in bank (including output
VAT)
B1: Cancel fixed asset (Xóa tài sản cố định)
Dr acc 811: 3.000
Dr acc 214: 7.000
Cr acc 211: 10.000
B2: Recorded income (dựa vào fair value - giá trị trên thị trường)
Dr acc 112: 3.300
Cr acc 711: 3.300: 1,1 = 3.000
Cr acc 3331: 300
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e) Công ty mua TSCĐ dùng cho mục đích phúc lợi (cho nhân viên) thì input VAT
phải cộng vào Cost of fixed asset
Dr acc 211: Tangible fixed assets
Cr acc 111/112/331
CHÚ Ý: Nếu vay bank để trả nợ cho suppliers thì công ty phải định khoản như
sau:
Dr acc 331: Trade payables (Giảm khoản nợ với suppliers)
Cr acc 341: Borrowings and finance lease liabilities (Tăng khoản đi vay tài
chính)
Ex: Supplier cho nợ 20 ngày kể từ ngày nhận hàng, nếu quá 20 ngày đó thì công ty
sẽ bị phạt và trả lãi 4%/tháng nhưng nếu công ty đi vay bank thì chỉ phải trả lãi
15%/năm.
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Dr acc 352: 200 – 150 = 50
Cr acc 642: 50
25
CHAPTER 4: PAYROLL ACCOUNTING
Employer’s Behalf on
Account
portion employee
Trade union (Kinh 3382: Trade union
2% 0%
phí công đoàn) fees
3383: Social
Social (BHXH) 17,5% 8%
insurance
3384: Health
Health (BHYT) 3% 1,5%
insurance
Unemployment 3386:
(Bảo hiểm thất Unemployment 1% 1%
nghiệp) insurance
Total 23,5% 10,5%
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Cr acc 3386: Unemployment insurance: 1% x A
3. Salary payment
Dr acc 334: Payables to employees: A – 10,5% x A
Cr acc 111/112: A – 10,5% x A
Các khoản DN phải nộp cho nhà nước:
Dr acc 3382: Trade union fees: 1% x A (1 nửa giữ lại, 1 nửa nộp cho nhà nước)
Dr acc 3383: Social insurance: (17,5% + 8%) x A = 25,5% x A
Dr acc 3384: Health insurance: (3% + 1,5%) x A = 4,5% x A
Dr acc 3386: Unemployment insurance: (1% + 1%) x A = 2% x A
Cr acc 111/112: 33% x A
Ex: Minh Ngoc company pays VAT using credit – invoice method and uses
perpetual inventory system. There were below transactions incurred in company
in December 2016.
1. OB on 1/12/2016: Acc 334 = 0, Acc 338 = 0
2. Transactions incurred in December 2016:
a) Calculate salary payable incurred in the month: direct labour: 560.000,
factory staff: 210.000, sale staffs: 180.000, administrative staffs: 160.000
b) Calculate payroll related compensation according to prevail regulations
c) Calculate bonus which has funded by Bonus fund, in which, for direct
labour: 40.000, Admin: 55.000
d) Salary deduction due to unspent advances: 32.000
e) Payment of social insurance to employees due to sickness in December:
28.000 in which for direct labour: 10.000, factory staff: 18.000
f) On 31/12/2016, making fully payment of salary and allowances via bank,
amount
Required: Make journal entries
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1. Calculate salary payable
Dr acc 622: 560.000
Dr acc 627: 210.000
Dr acc 641: 180.000
Dr acc 642: 160.000
Cr acc 334: 1.110.000
2. Calculate the compensation
- Employer:
Dr acc 622: 560.000 x 23,5% = 131.600
Dr acc 627: 210.000 x 23,5% = 49.350
Dr acc 641: 180.000 x 23,5% = 42.300
Dr acc 642: 160.000 x 23,5% = 37.600
Cr acc 3382: Trade union fees: 2% x 1.110.000 = 22.200
Cr acc 3383: Social insurance: 17,5% x 1.110.000 = 194.250
Cr acc 3384: Health insurance: 3% x 1.110.000 = 33.300
Cr acc 3386: Unemployment insurance: 1% x 1.110.000 = 11.100
- Employee:
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Dr acc 334: Payables to employees: 10,5% x 1.110.000 = 116.550
Cr acc 3383: Social insurance: 8% x 1.110.000 = 88.800
Cr acc 3384: Health insurance: 1,5% x 1.110.000 = 16.650
Cr acc 3386: Unemployment insurance: 1% x 1.110.000 = 11.100
3. Calculate bonus
Dr acc 622: 40.000
Dr acc 642: 55.000
Cr acc 334: 95.000
4. Salary deduction
Dr acc 334: 32.000
Cr acc 141: 32.000
5. Payment of social insurance
Dr acc 3383: 28.000
Cr acc 622: 10.000
Cr acc 627: 18.000
6. On 31/12/2016, making fully payment of salary and allowances via bank,
amount
Dr acc 334: 116.550 + 32.000 – 1.110.000 – 95.000 = 1.056.450
Cr acc 112: 1.056.450
7. Các khoản DN phải nộp cho nhà nước
Dr acc 3382: Trade union fees: 1% x 1.110.000 = 11.100
Dr acc 3383: Social insurance: (17,5% + 8%) x A = 25,5% x 1.110.000 = 283.050
Dr acc 3384: Health insurance: (3% + 1,5%) x A = 4,5% x 1.110.000 = 49.950
Dr acc 3386: Unemployment insurance: (1% + 1%) x A = 2% x 1.110.000 = 22.200
Cr acc 111/112: 33% x 1.110.000 = 366.300
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CHAPTER 5: ACCOUNTING FOR PRODUCTION
Acc 152: Raw materials
Acc 153: Tools and supplies
Acc 334: Payables to employees
Acc 214: Depreciation of fixed assets
Acc 621: Direct raw material costs
Acc 622: Direct labour costs
Acc 627: Production overheads
Acc 632: Costs of goods sold
Acc 154: Work in progress
32
Cr acc 621
Cr acc 622
Cr acc 627
Lưu ý: Trước khi tập hợp chi phí vào Acc 154, phải chủ động ghi nhận: Nguyên vật
liệu, nhân công vượt định mức như trên.
B3: Bài cho số dư cuối kỳ của Acc 154 (Những sản phẩm chưa sản xuất xong ở cuối
kỳ)
No journal entry
B4: Tính giá thành đơn vị
z = (OB of Acc 154 + Acc 154 incurred - CB of Acc 154): units
=> Ghi nhận theo đề bài
- Put into warehouse:
Dr Acc 155
Cr Acc 154
- Direct sale:
+ Recorded expense:
Dr Acc 632
Cr Acc 154
+ Recorded income:
Dr Acc 111/112/131
Cr Acc 511
Cr Acc 3331
- Gửi đại lý bán (Goods on consignment)
Dr Acc 157
Cr Acc 154
Ex: Company A applies perpetual accounting system and deductible VAT method.
In the month, the following information is available
33
1. Work in progress (154) is calculated according to direct material cost incurred
180.000
=> No recorded (OB)
2. Material (152) at the beginning 1.100.000
=> No recorded (OB)
3. Put into warehouse material (152) purchased outside before VAT 1.800.000,
VAT 10%
Dr acc 152: 1.800.000
Dr acc 1331: 180.000
Cr acc 111/112/331: 1.980.000
4. Direct labour cost (622): 260.000
Dr acc 622: 260.000
Cr acc 334/338: 260.000
5. Manufacturing overhead (627) cost 320.000 (in which variable cost: 120.000,
fixed cost: 200.000)
+ Fixed overhead cost under normal capacity is allocated in cost center:
200.000 x 80% = 160.000
+ Fixed overhead cost is not allocated in cost center:
200.000 – 160.000 = 40.000
(1) Chi phí sản xuất chung phát sinh
Dr Acc 627: 120.000 + 200.000 = 320.000
Cr Related Acc: 120.000 + 200.000 = 320.000
(2) Máy móc hoạt động dưới công suất định mức
Dr Acc 632: 40.000
Cr Acc 627: 40.000
6. At the end of month, cost of ending material (152) 1.000.000
Direct material cost incurred:
34
1.100.000 (OB) + 1.800.000 (Incurred) – 1.000.000 (CB) = 1.900.000
Dr acc 621: 1.900.000
Cr acc 152: 1.900.000
(3) Transfer production cost to cost center
Dr acc 154: 1.900.000 + 260.000 + 320.000 – 40.000 = 2.440.000
Dr acc 632: 40.000 (Cr acc 627)
Cr acc 621: 1.900.000
Cr acc 622: 260.000
Cr acc 627: 320.000 (Dr acc 627)
7. There were 1.000 finished goods (155) A produce within the month. In which:
700 products sent to warehouse, the remaining is sold to Co. C
Total cost of goods manufactured = Work in progress begin + Total production
goods – Work in progress end
= 180.000 + 2.440.000 – 300.000 = 2.320.000
Unit cost = 2.320.000: 1.000 = 2.320
- Put into warehouse:
Dr Acc 155: 2.320 x 700 = 1.624.000
Cr Acc 154: 2.320 x 700 = 1.624.000
- Direct sale:
+ Recorded expense:
Dr Acc 632: 2.320 x (1.000 – 700) = 696.000
Cr Acc 154: 2.320 x (1.000 – 700) = 696.000
+ Recorded income: (Đề ko cho)
Dr Acc 111/112/131:
Cr Acc 511:
Cr Acc 3331:
35
8. 200 work in progress is calculated according to cost of material incurred
300.000
=> No recorded
Requirement: Make journal entries.
Knowing that actual capacity equal to 80% normal capacity.
37
CHAPTER 6: ACCOUNTING FOR SALE
TRANSACTIONS, REVENUE, BUSINESS RESULT
1. Direct sale
- Recorded income:
Dr Acc 111/112/131/113
Cr Acc 511: Revenues
Cr Acc 3331: Value Added Tax (VAT)
- Recorded COGS:
Dr Acc 632: Costs of goods sold
Cr Acc 154/155/157
3. Sale returns
- Income:
Dr acc 521: Revenue deductions
Dr acc 3331: Value Added Tax (VAT)
Cr acc 111/112/113/131
- Expense:
Dr acc 155/157/154
Cr acc 632: Costs of goods sold
39
Cr acc 3387: Unearned revenue (Tiền chênh lệch giữa việc trả ngay và việc
trả chậm)
- Expense:
Dr acc 632: Costs of goods sold
Cr acc 155: Finished goods
- Khi trả tiền nợ (Định khoản theo từng năm)
Dr acc 3387: Unearned revenue
Cr acc 515: Financial income
Ex: Công ty A bán 1 lô hàng theo hình thức trả góp cho khách P, giá trả ngay
500trđ, giá trả chậm 520trđ (chưa gồm 10% VAT). Khách hàng đã trả ngay 20trđ,
số còn lại thanh toán trong 2 năm, giá vốn lô hàng là 300trđ.
- Income:
Dr Acc 111/112: 200
Dr Acc 131: 370
Cr Acc 511: 500
Cr Acc 3331: 50
Cr Acc 3387: 520 – 500 = 20
40
(Tổng số tiền thực thu/ tổng giá sản phẩm chưa khuyến mại x giá sản phẩm = giá
bán của sản phẩm khi đã khuyến mại)
+ Tủ lạnh: 200/ (200 + 5) x 200 = 195,12
+ Bếp: 200/ (200 + 5) x 5 = 4,88 (Cách khác: Tổng số tiền - doanh thu bán tủ lạnh =
doanh thu bán bếp (200 - 195,12 = 4,88))
- Recorded income:
Dr Acc 111/112/131: 220
Cr Acc 511: 200 (Detail: Tủ lạnh là 195,12 và bếp là 4,88)
Cr Acc 3331: 20
- Recorded expense:
Dr Acc 632: 145 + 3 = 148
Cr Acc 155: 148
42
1. Acc 511
2. Acc 521
3. Acc 511 – Acc 521
4. Acc 632 => 911
5. (3) – (4)
6. Acc 515 => 911
7. Acc 635 => 911
8. Acc 641 => 911
9. Acc 642 => 911
10. (5) + (6) – (7) – (8) – (9)
11. Acc 711 => Acc 911
12. Acc 811 => Acc 911
13. (11) – (12)
14. (10) + (13)
43
15. Acc 8211 => Acc 911
16. Cho sẵn trong đề
17. (14) – (15)
44