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Table of Contents

CHAPTER 2: ACCOUNTING FOR CASH, RAW MATERIALS, TOOLS AND SUPPLIES...................................................2


1. Cash on hand (Acc 111)...................................................................................................................................2
2. Cash in banks (Acc 112)...................................................................................................................................7
3. Cash in transit (Acc 113)..................................................................................................................................8
4. Delivery cost (Chi phí vận chuyển)..................................................................................................................8
5. Sale transaction (Giao dịch bán hàng).............................................................................................................9
6. Phương pháp tính giá xuất kho.....................................................................................................................10
7. Perpetual and periodic..................................................................................................................................10
8. Các giao dịch khó liên quan đến chứng từ của giao dịch mua vật tư (Purchase).........................................13
CHAPTER 3: ACCOUNTING FOR FIXED ASSET........................................................................................................15
1. Phân biệt tools and supplies và fixed asset..................................................................................................15
2. Các tài khoản sử dụng...................................................................................................................................15
3. Các giao dịch làm tăng fixed asset.................................................................................................................16
4. Accumulated depreciation (Khấu hao lũy kế)...............................................................................................16
5. Carrying amount (Giá trị còn lại của TSCĐ)...................................................................................................16
6. Purchase fixed asset......................................................................................................................................17
7. Xây dựng TSCĐ cần thời gian hoàn thành.....................................................................................................17
8. Mua TSCĐ (chưa sẵn sàng sử dụng), có chạy thử (thu được sản phẩm chạy thử)......................................17
9. Trao đổi TSCĐ tương đương (Similar exchange)..........................................................................................18
10. Trao đổi TSCĐ không tương đương (Dissimilar exchange)........................................................................19
11. Disposal fixed asset (Thanh lý TSCĐ)...........................................................................................................20
12. Funds used for fixed asset investment........................................................................................................21
13. Sửa chữa lớn...............................................................................................................................................22
CHAPTER 4: PAYROLL ACCOUNTING.....................................................................................................................25
1. Calculate salary payable................................................................................................................................25
2. Calculate the compensation..........................................................................................................................25
3. Salary payment..............................................................................................................................................26
CHAPTER 5: ACCOUNTING FOR PRODUCTION......................................................................................................29
1. Direct material cost (Acc 621).......................................................................................................................29
2. Direct labour cost (Acc 622)..........................................................................................................................29
3. Production overheads cost (Acc 627)............................................................................................................30
4. Apply perpetual method...............................................................................................................................31
5. Apply periodic method..................................................................................................................................35
CHAPTER 6: ACCOUNTING FOR SALE TRANSACTIONS, REVENUE, BUSINESS RESULT..........................................37
1. Direct sale......................................................................................................................................................37

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2. Goods on consignment (Gửi bán).................................................................................................................37
3. Sale returns....................................................................................................................................................38
4. Installment sale (Trả chậm)...........................................................................................................................38
5. Hàng khuyến mại cho khách..........................................................................................................................39
6. Quy trình kết chuyển (Determine the business result).................................................................................40
7. Cách tự cho số liệu........................................................................................................................................43

CHAPTER 2: ACCOUNTING FOR CASH, RAW


MATERIALS, TOOLS AND SUPPLIES
1. Cash on hand (Acc 111)
a) Purchase of materials, goods, tools and supplies
Dr acc 152: Raw materials
Dr acc 153: Tools and supplies
Dr acc 156: Merchandise goods
Cr acc 111: Cash on hand
Ex: Purchase 200m VND materials by cash.
Dr acc 152: 200m VND
Cr acc 111: 200m VND
b) Dispatching cash for payables (Xuất tiền cho các khoản phải trả)
Dr acc 331: Trade payables
Dr acc 333: Taxes and other payables to State Budget
Dr acc 334: Payables to employees
Dr acc 338: Other payables
Cr acc 111: Cash on hand
c) Paying cash for investments (Trả để đầu tư)
Dr acc 121: Trading securities
Dr acc 128: Investments held to maturity
2
Dr acc 221: Investment in subsidiaries (Tangible fixed asset)
Dr acc 222: Investment in joint ventures and associates (Intangible fixed asset)
Dr acc 228: Other investments
Cr acc 111: Cash on hand
d) Expense incurred (Chi phí phát sinh)
Dr acc 621: Direct raw material costs
Dr acc 627: Production overheads
Dr acc 641: Selling expenses
Dr acc 642: General administration expenses
Dr acc 635: Financial expenses (TK trả tiền lãi ngân hàng)
Dr acc 811: Other Expenses
Cr acc 111: Cash on hand
e) Sales, financial income, other income
Dr acc 111: Cash on hand
Cr acc 511: Revenues
Cr acc 515: Financial income
Cr acc 711: Other Income
f) Receiving from receivables (Nhận tiền từ các khoản có thể nhận)
Dr acc 111: Cash on hand
Cr acc 131: Trade receivables
Cr acc 136: Internal receivables
Cr acc 138: Other receivables
Cr acc 141: Advances
Cr acc 244: Mortgage, collaterals and deposits
g) Selling investment
Dr acc 111: Cash on hand
3
Cr acc 121: Trading securities
Cr acc 128: Investments held to maturity
Cr acc 221: Investment in subsidiaries
Cr acc 222: Investment in joint ventures and associates
h) Receiving cash from investment
Dr acc 111: Cash on hand
Cr acc 411: Owner’s equity
Cr acc 461: Government sourced funds
i) Cash surplus (Thừa tiền)
Dr acc 111: Cash on hand
Cr acc 3381: Surplus of assets awaiting resolution
j) Cash deficit (Thiếu tiền)
Dr acc 1381: Shortage of assets awaiting resolution
Cr acc 111: Cash on hand
k) VAT
Deductible VAT
Input VAT (mua) Output VAT (bán)
Dr acc 221: Investment in subsidiaries Dr acc 111: Cash on hand
Dr acc 133: Deductible VAT Cr acc 511: Revenues
Cr acc 111: Cash on hand Cr acc 333: Taxes and other payables
Cr acc 112: Cash in banks to State Budget
Cr acc 331: Trade payables

Exercise 1: Company H applies the deductible VAT method and the perpetual
inventory system. In June 2016, transactions incurred as below (CU: 1.000 VND)
1. Selling products in cash: 22.000, including 10% VAT (Cash receipt voucher
No.001).
Dr acc 111: 22.000
Cr acc 511: 22.000: 1,1 = 20.000
4
Cr acc 3331: 2.000
2. Deposit of 30.000 cash into the company’s bank account (Cash payment
voucher No.002), the accountant had not received Credit note from bank yet.
Dr acc 112: 30.000
Cr acc 111: 30.000
3. Transportation expense for selling products paid by cash 1.000 (Cash payment
voucher No.005).
Dr acc 641: 1.000
Cr acc 111: 1.000
4. Dispatching cash in advance for employees to purchase inventories: 20.000
(Cash payment voucher No.006).
Dr acc 141: 20.000
Cr acc 111: 20.000
5. Paying cash for the company’s office renting: 18.000 (Cash payment voucher
No.007).
Dr acc 642: 18.000
Cr acc 111: 18.000
6. Withdrawing cash from bank account to pay in cash fund in the company:
100.000 (Cash receipt voucher No.008, Debit note).
Dr acc 111: 100.000
Cr acc 112: 100.000
7. Receiving interest income by cash on hand: 20.000 (Cash receipt voucher
No.009, Debit note).
Dr acc 111: 20.000
Cr acc 515: 20.000
8. Dispatching cash to buy stationaries used for administration purpose: 1.200
(Cash payment voucher No.010).
Dr acc 642: 1.200
5
Cr acc 111: 1.200
9. Dispatching cash fund for bank loan interest: 3.000 (Cash payment voucher
No.011).
Dr acc 635: 3.000
Cr acc 111: 3.000
10. Withdrawing cash in bank to pay in cash fund: 25.000 (Debit note received).
Dispatching cash to pay salary to employees: 20.000 (Cash payment voucher
No.012).
* Withdrawing cash:
Dr acc 111: 25.000
Cr acc 112: 25.000
* Dispatching cash:
Dr acc 334: 20.000
Cr acc 111: 20.000
11. There was a surplus of cash from the physical count at the end of the month:
1.250. This amount had been still in investigation (Chưa tìm thấy lý do).
Dr acc 111: 1.250
Cr acc 3381: 1.250
Mở rộng: Đã tìm thấy lý do là chi cho bộ phận administration.
(1):
Dr acc 3381: 1.250
Cr acc 111: 1.250
(2):
Dr acc 642: 1.250
Cr acc 111: 1.250
(1) + (2):
Dr acc 3381: 1.250
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Dr acc 642: 1.250
Cr acc 111: 1.250

2. Cash in banks (Acc 112)


a) Accountant’s figures are larger than the banks (Kế toán đếm số tiền lớn hơn
ngân hàng đếm)
Dr acc 112: Cash in banks
Cr acc 3388: Others
 Found reason:
+ Bank’s error:
Dr acc 3388: Others
Cr acc 112: Cash in banks
+ Company’s error:
Dr acc 3388: Others
Cr acc 511/515/711
b) Accountant’s figures are smaller than the banks (Kế toán đếm số tiền nhỏ hơn
ngân hàng đếm)
Dr acc 1388: Others receivables
Cr acc 112: Cash in banks
 Found reason:
+ Bank’s error:
Dr acc 112: Cash in banks
Cr acc 1388: Others receivables
+ Company’s error:
Dr acc 511/515/711
Cr acc 1388: Others receivables
 Nếu ko tìm được nguyên nhân thì ko được record transaction.

7
Ex: Reconciling bank statements to the debit balance of accountant cash at bank,
there was a shortage of 2.000, the shortage reason has been still under
investigation.
 No recorded.

3. Cash in transit (Acc 113)


Tiền đang trong quá trình vận chuyển mặc dù người gửi đã gửi tiền hoặc tài khoản
đã trừ tiền nhưng chưa đến nơi người nhận.
a) Xuất tiền đề gửi vào tài khoản ngân hàng nhưng chưa nhận được credit note
của ngân hàng / giấy báo tăng tiền trong tài khoản của công ty (Dispatching cash
to deposit in bank's account but credit note hasn't been received).
Dr acc 113
Cr acc 111
b) When credit note is received (Khi nhận credit note).
Dr acc 112
Cr acc 113
Ex1: Deposit of 30.000 cash into the company’s bank account (Cash payment
voucher No.002), the accountant had not received Credit note from bank yet.
Dr acc 113: 30.000
Cr acc 111: 30.000
Ex2: Received Credit note from bank related to the 1st transaction.
Dr acc 112: 30.000
Cr acc 113: 30.000

4. Delivery cost (Chi phí vận chuyển)


TH1: Nếu mình là người mua thì chi phí vận chuyển được cộng vào giá trị của tài
sản (ko bao gồm VAT)
Ex: Receiving merchandise goods valued 132.000 including 10% VAT (Inventory
receiving voucher No. 0215, VAT invoice No. 01236). Company paid to the supplier
via bank account (Debit note received). Related transportation fee: 2.100
including 5% VAT, company H paid the fee in cash.
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Value of merchandise good: 132.000: 1,1 + 2.100: 1,05 = 122.000
Dr acc 211: 122.000
Dr acc 1331: 12.100
Cr acc 112: 132.000
Cr acc 111: 2.100
TH2: Nếu mình là người bán thì chi phí vận chuyển được ghi nhận là chi phí (acc
641)

5. Sale transaction (Giao dịch bán hàng)


a) Recorded income: Ghi nhận doanh thu
Dr acc 111/112/131
Cr acc 511: Revenues
Cr acc 3331: Value Added Tax (VAT)
b) Recorded expense: Ghi nhận chi phí
Dr acc 632: Costs of goods sold
Cr acc 152: Raw materials
Cr acc 155: Finished goods
Cr acc 156: Merchandise goods
Ex1: Selling products in cash: 22.000, including 10% VAT (Cash receipt voucher
No.001). Assuming that cost of goods sold was 180.000, according to Cash receipt
voucher No.001.
* Recorded income:
Dr acc 111: 22.000
Cr acc 511: 22.000: 1,1 = 20.000
Cr acc 3331: 2.000
* Recorded expense:
Dr acc 632: 18.000
Cr acc 156: 18.000
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Ex2: Selling finished goods, cost: 200.000, selling price: 250.000, excluding 10%
VAT, the customer paid fully via bank (received Credit note).
* Recorded income:
Dr acc 112: 275.000
Cr acc 511: 250.000
Cr acc 3331: 25.000
* Recorded expense:
Dr acc 632: 200.000
Cr acc 155: 200.000

6. Phương pháp tính giá xuất kho


a) FIFO
b) LIFO
c) Weighted average cost

7. Perpetual and periodic


Perpetual: Định khoản liên tục
Periodic: Kiểm kê định kỳ
Bước 1: Transfer account
Bài cho OB acc 151,152,153 transfer vào acc 611
Dr acc 611: Purchases
Cr acc 151: Goods in transit
Cr acc 152: Raw materials
Cr acc 153: Tools and supplies
Ex: OB acc 152: 20.000
Dr acc 611: 20.000
Cr acc 152: 20.000
Bước 2: Transaction about purchase (Những giao dịch mua bán)

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Dr acc 611: Purchases
Dr acc 1331: Deductible VAT of goods and services
Cr acc 111/112
Cr acc 331: Trade payables
Bước 3: Issuing
Bỏ qua hết tất cả các giao dịch về issuing
Bước 4: Đề cho CB 151,152,153
Issuing = OB + Receiving - CB
Dr acc 621: Direct raw material costs
Dr acc 627: Production overheads
Dr acc 641: Selling expenses
Dr acc 642: General administration expenses
Cr acc 611: Purchases
Exercise 2: Company M applies deductible VAT method and periodic inventory
system. In August 2016, there was document about material A as follow (CU:
1.000 VND)
A. Opening inventory for material A: 1.000 kg, value: 20.000
B. Material A received in stock in August 2016:
- On 2nd Aug: Receiving 500 kg material A, actual unit cost: 20,5
- On 10th Aug: Receiving 1.000 kg material A, actual unit cost: 20
- On 16th Aug: Receiving 300 kg material A, actual unit cost: 20,2
- On 24th Aug: Receiving 800 kg material A, actual unit cost; 20,3
- On 29th Aug: Receiving 500 kg material A, actual unit cost: 20,4
C. Material A issued for producing purpose in August 2016:
- On 5th Aug: Issuing 400 kg material A
- On 8th Aug: Issuing 800 kg material A

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- On 12th Aug: Issuing 500 kg material A
- On 20th Aug: Issuing 800 kg material A
- On 28th Aug: Issuing 500 kg material A
Bài làm
Bước 1: Transfer account
Dr acc 611: 20.000
Cr acc 152: 20.000
Bước 2: Transaction about purchase
02/8: Dr acc 611: 500 x 20,5
Cr acc 111/112/331: 500 x 20,5
10/8: Dr acc 611: 1000 x 20
Cr acc 111/112/331: 1000 x 20
16/8: Dr acc 611: 300 x 20,2
Cr acc 111/112/331: 300 x 20,2
24/8: Dr acc 611: 800 x 20,3
Cr acc 111/112/331: 800 x 20,3
29/8: Dr acc 611: 500 x 20,4
Cr acc 111/112/331: 500 x 20,4
Bước 3: Issuing (Bỏ qua hết tất cả các giao dịch về issuing)
Bước 4: Cho CB: 1.100kg, value: 22.380
Issuing = OB + Receiving – CB
= 20.000 + (500 x 20,5 + 1000 x 20 + 300 x 20,2 + 800 x 20,3 + 500 x 20,4) – 22.380
= 60.370
Dr acc 621: 60.370
Cr acc 611: 60.370

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8. Các giao dịch khó liên quan đến chứng từ của giao dịch
mua vật tư (Purchase)
- Trong giao dịch mua và nhập kho thì kế toán cần có đủ 2 chứng từ:
+ VAT invoice (Hóa đơn GTGT): Khi có hóa đơn này thì mới được định khoản vào
acc 133
+ Goods receipt note (Phiếu nhập kho): Khi có hóa đơn này thì mới được định
khoản vào acc 152,153
Case 1: Receive VAT invoice and Goods receipt note at the same time.
Dr acc 152/153
Dr acc 1331
Cr acc 111/112/331
Case 2: Receive VAT invoice first
- During the month, receiving Goods receipt note (Same Case 1)
Ex: 5/9 received VAT invoice for 2.000 materials A value 20.000 excluding 10%
VAT, 27/9 received Goods receipt note.
Dr acc 152: 20.000
Dr acc 1331: 20.000 x 10% = 2.000
Cr acc 111/112/331: 22.000
- If at the end of the month, not received Goods receipt note, based on VAT invoice
Dr acc 151: Goods in transit
Dr acc 1331
Cr acc 111/112/331
- In the next month, received Goods receipt note
Dr acc 152/153
Cr acc 151
Ex: Purchase 100 units of material A on credit from A company, value: 22.000.000
including 2.000.000 VAT, according to the invoice dated 15/9. At the end of

13
month, the accountant hasn’t received the Goods receipt note of this purchase. In
10/10 received Goods receipt note.
 15/9:
Dr acc 151: 20.000.000
Dr acc 1331: 2.000.000
Cr acc 331: 22.000.000
 10/10:
Dr acc 152: 20.000.000
Cr acc 151: 20.000.000
Case 3: Receive inventory first/ Goods receipt note first
- During the month, receiving VAT invoice (Same Case 1)
- If at the end of the month, not received VAT invoice, based on temporary price
Dr acc 152/153
Cr acc 111/112/331
(Not record acc 1331 because there is no VAT invoice yet)
- In the next month, received VAT invoice
Ex: 30/4 received 50 materials A, value: 500 excluding 10% VAT. 20/5 received
VAT invoice on credit.
 30/4:
Dr acc 152: 500
Cr acc 331: 500
 20/5:
+ Price 600, excluding 10% VAT
Dr acc 152: 100
Dr acc 1331: 600 x 10% = 60
Cr acc 331: 160

14
+ Price 420, excluding 10% VAT
Dr acc 1331: 420 x 10% = 42
Dr acc 331: 500 - 420 - 42 = 38
Cr acc 152: 80

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CHAPTER 3: ACCOUNTING FOR FIXED ASSET
1. Phân biệt tools and supplies và fixed asset
a) Tools and supplies
- Value < 30 million
- Useful life < 1 year
b) Fixed asset
- Value > 30 million
- Useful life > 1 year

2. Các tài khoản sử dụng


Acc 211: Tangible fixed assets
Acc 213: Intangible fixed assets
Acc 217: Investment properties
Acc 214: Depreciation of fixed assets
Acc 627: Production overheads
Acc 641: Selling expenses
Acc 642: General administration expenses
Acc 353: Bonus and welfare fund
Acc 411: Owner’s equity
Acc 414: Investment and development fund
Acc 441: Capital expenditure funds
Acc 466: Non-business funds used for fixed asset acquisitions
Acc 711: Other Income
Acc 811: Other Expenses

3. Các giao dịch làm tăng fixed asset


Cost of fixed asset = Purchase price + Delivery cost + Installation + Testing cost –
Value of testing product + Professional cost + Non-deductible tax

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- Non-deductible tax:
+ Import tax: Thuế nhập khẩu
+ Special tax: Thuế tiêu thụ đặc biệt
- Lưu ý: Các chi phí không được tính vào nguyên giá:
+ Maintenance: Chí phí bảo trì, bảo dưỡng
+ Training cost: Chi phí đào tạo nhân viên
+ Insurance expense: Chi phí mua bảo hiểm
Dr acc 627: Production overheads
Cr acc 111/112/331

4. Accumulated depreciation (Khấu hao lũy kế)


Là phần hao mòn tài sản cố định từ lúc bắt đầu sử dụng cho tới thời điểm hiện tại
Ex: 1/1/N, cost of fixed asset: 800, useful life: 4 years
+ Annual depreciation = 800: 4 = 200
+ At the end of 3 years, accumulated depreciation:
= Annual depreciation x 3 = 200 x 3 = 600
+ 1/5/N+3, accumulated depreciation = annual depreciation x n
= (800: 48) x 40 = 666,67

5. Carrying amount (Giá trị còn lại của TSCĐ)


Carrying amount = Cost of fixed asset - Accumulated depreciation
VAT tools and supplies: acc 1331: Deductible VAT of goods and services
VAT fixed asset: acc 1332: Deductible VAT of fixed assets

6. Purchase fixed asset


Dr acc 211: Tangible fixed assets
Dr acc 1332: Deductible VAT of fixed assets
Cr acc 111/112/331
(Thông thường bài sẽ cho kèm theo Useful life để tính Depreciation expense)

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+ Depreciation expense (Annual depreciation) = Cost of fixed asset/ Useful life
+ Depreciation expense (Annual depreciation) = (Cost of fixed asset – Residual
value)/ Useful life
Dr Acc 627: Production overheads
Dr Acc 641: Selling expenses
Dr Acc 642: General administration expenses
Cr Acc 214: Depreciation of fixed assets

7. Xây dựng TSCĐ cần thời gian hoàn thành


Dr acc 2411: Acquisition of fixed assets
Dr acc 2412: Construction in progress
Dr acc 1332: Deductible VAT of fixed assets
Cr acc 111/112/331
 Khi hoàn thành:
Dr acc 211: Tangible fixed assets
Cr acc 2411: Acquisition of fixed assets
Cr acc 2412: Construction in progress

8. Mua TSCĐ (chưa sẵn sàng sử dụng), có chạy thử (thu


được sản phẩm chạy thử)
Cost of fixed asset = Purchase price + Delivery cost + Installation + Testing cost –
Value of testing product + Professional cost + Preparation cost + Non-deductible
tax
Ex: Mua TSCĐ với giá 500.000 chưa gồm 10% VAT, chi phí vận chuyển là 20.000,
chi phí chạy thử là 25.000 (Materials: 15.000, nhân công: 6.000, chi phí bằng tiền:
4.000). Sau khi chạy thử thu được sản phẩm chạy thử với giá 16.000. Cost of fixed
asset=?
Cost of fixed asset = Purchase price + Delivery cost + Testing cost – Value of
testing product = 500.000 + 20.000 + 25.000 – 16.000 = 529.000
Dr acc 2411: 500.000 + 20.000 = 520.000

18
Dr acc 1332: 500.000 x 10% = 50.000
Cr acc 112: 570.000
 Work in process:
Dr acc 154: Work in progress: 25.000
Cr acc 152: Raw materials: 15.000
Cr acc 334: Payables to employees: 6.000
Cr acc 111: Cash on hand: 4.000
 Testing product:
Dr acc 155: Finished goods: 16.000
Cr acc 154: Work in progress: 16.000
Dr acc 2411: Acquisition of fixed assets: 25.000 - 16.000 = 9.000
Cr acc 154: Work in progress: 25.000 - 16.000 = 9.000
Dr acc 211: Tangible fixed assets: 520.000 + 9.000 = 529.000
Cr acc 2411: Acquisition of fixed assets: 520.000 + 9.000 = 529.000

9. Trao đổi TSCĐ tương đương (Similar exchange)


Dr acc 211: Tangible fixed assets (Giá trị TSCĐ mang về)
Dr acc 214: Depreciation of fixed assets (Hao mòn lũy kế của TS mang đi trao đổi)
Cr acc 211: Tangible fixed assets (Nguyên giá TSCĐ mang đi)
Ex: Company A exchange the plant value 2.000 (accumulated depreciation: 500)
with company B the factory value 1.500
Dr acc 211: 1.500
Dr acc 214: 500
Cr acc 211: 2.000

10. Trao đổi TSCĐ không tương đương (Dissimilar


exchange)
a) Cancel fixed asset (Xóa tài sản cố định)

19
Dr acc 811: Other Expenses (Ghi nhận khoản chưa khấu hao hết của TSCĐ)
Dr acc 214: Depreciation of fixed assets
Cr acc 211: Tangible fixed assets
b) Recorded income (dựa vào fair value - giá trị trên thị trường)
Dr acc 131: Trade receivables
Cr acc 711: Other Income (Fair value)
Cr acc 3331: Value Added Tax (VAT)
c) Received new fixed asset (Nhận về tài sản mới)
Dr acc 211: Tangible fixed assets
Dr acc 1332: Deductible VAT of fixed assets
Cr acc 331: Trade payables
d) Make payment
TH1: Tài sản đem đi trao đổi của mình > Tài sản đem đi trao đổi của công ty còn
lại
Dr acc 111/112/131
Dr acc 331: Trade payables
Cr acc 131: Trade receivables
TH2: Tài sản đem đi trao đổi của mình < Tài sản đem đi trao đổi của công ty còn
lại
Dr acc 331: Trade payables
Cr acc 131: Trade receivables
Cr acc 111/112/331
Ex: Giả định rằng mình là công ty A. The different will be paid by cash on hand.
Company A: Truck Company B: Plant
Cost of fixed asset: 2.000 Cost of fixed asset: 2.500
Accumulated depreciation: 1.200 Accumulated depreciation: 2.100
Fair value: 900, excluding 10% VAT Fair value: 600, excluding 10% VAT
B1: Cancel fixed asset (Xóa tài sản cố định)
20
Dr acc 811: 2.000 – 1.200 = 800
Dr acc 214: 1.200
Cr acc 211: 2.000
B2: Recorded income (dựa vào fair value - giá trị trên thị trường)
Dr acc 131: 900 + 90 = 990
Cr acc 711: 900
Cr acc 3331: 900 x 10% = 90
B3: Received new fixed asset (Nhận về tài sản mới)
Dr acc 211: 600
Dr acc 1332: 60
Cr acc 331: 660
B4: Make payment
TH1: Tài sản đem đi trao đổi của mình > Tài sản đem đi trao đổi của công ty còn
lại (990 > 660)
Dr acc 111: 990 – 660 = 330
Dr acc 331: 660
Cr acc 131: 990

11. Disposal fixed asset (Thanh lý TSCĐ)


a) Cancel fixed asset (Xóa tài sản cố định)
Dr acc 811: Other Expenses (nếu chưa khấu hao hết)
Dr acc 214: Depreciation of fixed assets
Cr acc 211: Tangible fixed assets
b) Recorded income (dựa vào fair value - giá trị trên thị trường)
Dr acc 111/112/131
Cr acc 711: Other Income (Fair value)
Cr acc 3331: Value Added Tax (VAT)

21
Ex: Equipment acquired at cost of 10.000 had a balance of accumulated
depreciation: 7.000. The equipment sold for 3.300 cash in bank (including output
VAT)
B1: Cancel fixed asset (Xóa tài sản cố định)
Dr acc 811: 3.000
Dr acc 214: 7.000
Cr acc 211: 10.000
B2: Recorded income (dựa vào fair value - giá trị trên thị trường)
Dr acc 112: 3.300
Cr acc 711: 3.300: 1,1 = 3.000
Cr acc 3331: 300

12. Funds used for fixed asset investment


a) Fixed asset is purchased by capital expenditure funds use for operation
Dr acc 441: Capital expenditure funds
Cr acc 411: Owner’s equity
b) Fixed asset is purchased by development investment funds
Dr acc 414: Investment and development fund
Cr acc 411: Owner’s equity
c) Fixed asset is completed by welfare funds and puts into use for the purpose of
culture, welfare of enterprise
Dr acc 3532: Welfare fund
Cr acc 3533: Welfare fund used for fixed asset acquisitions
d) Fixed asset is funded by scientific and technological development funds used
for purpose of research, development of science and technology
Dr acc 3561: Science and technology development fund
Cr acc 3562: Science and technology development fund used for fixed asset
acquisition

22
e) Công ty mua TSCĐ dùng cho mục đích phúc lợi (cho nhân viên) thì input VAT
phải cộng vào Cost of fixed asset
Dr acc 211: Tangible fixed assets
Cr acc 111/112/331
CHÚ Ý: Nếu vay bank để trả nợ cho suppliers thì công ty phải định khoản như
sau:
Dr acc 331: Trade payables (Giảm khoản nợ với suppliers)
Cr acc 341: Borrowings and finance lease liabilities (Tăng khoản đi vay tài
chính)
Ex: Supplier cho nợ 20 ngày kể từ ngày nhận hàng, nếu quá 20 ngày đó thì công ty
sẽ bị phạt và trả lãi 4%/tháng nhưng nếu công ty đi vay bank thì chỉ phải trả lãi
15%/năm.

13. Sửa chữa lớn


13.1. Không trích trước
a) Tập hợp chi phí sửa chữa lớn
Dr acc 2413: Extra-ordinary repair of fixed assets
Dr acc 133: Deductible VAT
Cr Related acc 111/112/331
b) Khi sửa chữa xong
TH1: Nếu chi phí sửa chữa lớn đủ điều kiện ghi tăng Cost of fixed asset (đề bài sẽ
nói)
Dr acc 211: Tangible fixed assets
Cr acc 2413: Extra-ordinary repair of fixed assets
TH2: Nếu chi phí sửa chữa lớn không đủ điều kiện ghi tăng Cost of fixed asset (đề
bài sẽ nói)
Dr acc 627/641/642/242
Cr acc 2413: Extra-ordinary repair of fixed assets
13.2. Có trích trước
23
B1: Tại thời điểm trích trước
Dr acc 627/641/642
Cr acc 352: Provisions payable (A)
B2: Tập hợp chi phí sửa chữa lớn phát sinh trong kỳ
Dr acc 2413: Extra-ordinary repair of fixed assets (B)
Dr acc 133: Deductible VAT
Cr Related acc:
B3: Bù trừ chi phí sửa chữa lớn đã trích trước và chi phí thực tế đã phát sinh
TH1: A < B
Dr acc 627/641/642
Cr acc 352: B – A
TH2: A > B
Dr acc 352: A – B
Cr acc 627/641/642
Ex: Ngày 1/1/N, công ty A trích trước chi phí sửa chữa lớn ở bộ phận quản lý là
200tr VNĐ. Trong năm N, chí phí sửa chữa lớn thực tế phát sinh là 150tr VNĐ,
chưa bao gồm 10% VAT, ko ghi tăng tài sản cố định.
B1: Tại thời điểm trích trước
Dr acc 642: 200
Cr acc 352: 200 (A)
B2: Tập hợp chi phí sửa chữa lớn phát sinh trong kỳ
Dr acc 2413: 150 (B)
Dr acc 133: 15
Cr Related acc: 165
B3: Bù trừ chi phí sửa chữa lớn đã trích trước và chi phí thực tế đã phát sinh
TH2: A > B

24
Dr acc 352: 200 – 150 = 50
Cr acc 642: 50

25
CHAPTER 4: PAYROLL ACCOUNTING
Employer’s Behalf on
Account
portion employee
Trade union (Kinh 3382: Trade union
2% 0%
phí công đoàn) fees
3383: Social
Social (BHXH) 17,5% 8%
insurance
3384: Health
Health (BHYT) 3% 1,5%
insurance
Unemployment 3386:
(Bảo hiểm thất Unemployment 1% 1%
nghiệp) insurance
Total 23,5% 10,5%

Assume that salary: A


1. Calculate salary payable
Dr acc 622/627/641/642
Cr acc 334: Payables to employees

2. Calculate the compensation


- Employer:
Dr acc 622/627/641/642: 23,5% x A
Cr acc 3382: Trade union fees: 2% x A
Cr acc 3383: Social insurance: 17,5% x A
Cr acc 3384: Health insurance: 3% x A
Cr acc 3386: Unemployment insurance: 1% x A
- Employee:
Dr acc 334: Payables to employees: 10,5% x A
Cr acc 3383: Social insurance: 8% x A
Cr acc 3384: Health insurance: 1,5% x A

26
Cr acc 3386: Unemployment insurance: 1% x A

3. Salary payment
Dr acc 334: Payables to employees: A – 10,5% x A
Cr acc 111/112: A – 10,5% x A
Các khoản DN phải nộp cho nhà nước:
Dr acc 3382: Trade union fees: 1% x A (1 nửa giữ lại, 1 nửa nộp cho nhà nước)
Dr acc 3383: Social insurance: (17,5% + 8%) x A = 25,5% x A
Dr acc 3384: Health insurance: (3% + 1,5%) x A = 4,5% x A
Dr acc 3386: Unemployment insurance: (1% + 1%) x A = 2% x A
Cr acc 111/112: 33% x A
Ex: Minh Ngoc company pays VAT using credit – invoice method and uses
perpetual inventory system. There were below transactions incurred in company
in December 2016.
1. OB on 1/12/2016: Acc 334 = 0, Acc 338 = 0
2. Transactions incurred in December 2016:
a) Calculate salary payable incurred in the month: direct labour: 560.000,
factory staff: 210.000, sale staffs: 180.000, administrative staffs: 160.000
b) Calculate payroll related compensation according to prevail regulations
c) Calculate bonus which has funded by Bonus fund, in which, for direct
labour: 40.000, Admin: 55.000
d) Salary deduction due to unspent advances: 32.000
e) Payment of social insurance to employees due to sickness in December:
28.000 in which for direct labour: 10.000, factory staff: 18.000
f) On 31/12/2016, making fully payment of salary and allowances via bank,
amount
Required: Make journal entries

27
1. Calculate salary payable
Dr acc 622: 560.000
Dr acc 627: 210.000
Dr acc 641: 180.000
Dr acc 642: 160.000
Cr acc 334: 1.110.000
2. Calculate the compensation
- Employer:
Dr acc 622: 560.000 x 23,5% = 131.600
Dr acc 627: 210.000 x 23,5% = 49.350
Dr acc 641: 180.000 x 23,5% = 42.300
Dr acc 642: 160.000 x 23,5% = 37.600
Cr acc 3382: Trade union fees: 2% x 1.110.000 = 22.200
Cr acc 3383: Social insurance: 17,5% x 1.110.000 = 194.250
Cr acc 3384: Health insurance: 3% x 1.110.000 = 33.300
Cr acc 3386: Unemployment insurance: 1% x 1.110.000 = 11.100
- Employee:
28
Dr acc 334: Payables to employees: 10,5% x 1.110.000 = 116.550
Cr acc 3383: Social insurance: 8% x 1.110.000 = 88.800
Cr acc 3384: Health insurance: 1,5% x 1.110.000 = 16.650
Cr acc 3386: Unemployment insurance: 1% x 1.110.000 = 11.100
3. Calculate bonus
Dr acc 622: 40.000
Dr acc 642: 55.000
Cr acc 334: 95.000
4. Salary deduction
Dr acc 334: 32.000
Cr acc 141: 32.000
5. Payment of social insurance
Dr acc 3383: 28.000
Cr acc 622: 10.000
Cr acc 627: 18.000
6. On 31/12/2016, making fully payment of salary and allowances via bank,
amount
Dr acc 334: 116.550 + 32.000 – 1.110.000 – 95.000 = 1.056.450
Cr acc 112: 1.056.450
7. Các khoản DN phải nộp cho nhà nước
Dr acc 3382: Trade union fees: 1% x 1.110.000 = 11.100
Dr acc 3383: Social insurance: (17,5% + 8%) x A = 25,5% x 1.110.000 = 283.050
Dr acc 3384: Health insurance: (3% + 1,5%) x A = 4,5% x 1.110.000 = 49.950
Dr acc 3386: Unemployment insurance: (1% + 1%) x A = 2% x 1.110.000 = 22.200
Cr acc 111/112: 33% x 1.110.000 = 366.300

29
CHAPTER 5: ACCOUNTING FOR PRODUCTION
Acc 152: Raw materials
Acc 153: Tools and supplies
Acc 334: Payables to employees
Acc 214: Depreciation of fixed assets
Acc 621: Direct raw material costs
Acc 622: Direct labour costs
Acc 627: Production overheads
Acc 632: Costs of goods sold
Acc 154: Work in progress

1. Direct material cost (Acc 621)


1.1. Xuất kho để sản xuất
Dr acc 621: Direct raw material costs (A)
Cr acc 152: Raw materials (A)
1.2. Vật liệu không dùng hết => Nhập lại kho
Dr acc 152: Raw materials (B)
Cr acc 621: Direct raw material costs (B)
1.3. Nguyên vật liệu bị vượt định mức
Dr acc 632: Costs of goods sold (C)
Cr acc 621: Direct raw material costs (C)
1.4. Kết chuyển chi phí nguyên vật liệu vào acc 154 để tính giá thành
Dr acc 154: Work in progress (A) – (B) – (C)
Cr acc 621: Direct raw material costs (A) – (B) – (C)

2. Direct labour cost (Acc 622)


2.1. Tính lương cho nhân công trực tiếp sản xuất
Dr acc 622: Direct labour costs (A)
30
Cr acc 334/338: Payables to employees/Other payables (A)
2.2. Nhân công bị vượt định mức
Dr acc 632: Costs of goods sold (B)
Cr acc 622: Direct labour costs (B)
2.3. Kết chuyển chi phí nhân công vào acc 154 để tính giá thành
Dr acc 154: Work in progress (A) – (B)
Cr acc 622: Direct raw material costs (A) – (B)

3. Production overheads cost (Acc 627)


Tools and supplies, fixed asset, lương cho người quản lý phân xưởng, kế toán
kho, tiền điện/nước, …
3.1. Chi phí sản xuất chung phát sinh
Dr acc 627: Production overheads (A)
Cr Related acc (153,242,214,334,111,112) (A)
3.2. Máy móc hoạt động dưới công suất định mức
Dr acc 632: Costs of goods sold (B)
Cr acc 627: Production overheads (B)
3.3. Kết chuyển chi phí sản xuất chung vào acc 154 để tính giá thành
Dr acc 154: Work in progress (A) – (B)
Cr acc 627: Production overheads (A) – (B)
Ex: Manufacturing overhead cost 320.000 (in which variable cost: 120.000, fixed
cost: 200.000). Actual capacity equal to 80% normal capacity.
+ Fixed overhead cost under normal capacity is allocated in cost center:
200.000 x 80% = 160.000
+ Fixed overhead cost is not allocated in cost center:
200.000 – 160.000 = 40.000
(1) Chi phí sản xuất chung phát sinh
Dr Acc 627: 120.000 + 200.000 = 320.000
31
Cr Related Acc: 120.000 + 200.000 = 320.000
(2) Máy móc hoạt động dưới công suất định mức
Dr Acc 632: 40.000
Cr Acc 627: 40.000
(3) Transfer production cost to cost center
Dr acc 154: 280.000
Dr acc 632: 40.000
Cr acc 627: 320.000
Lưu ý: Cho phần transfer cost to cost center: Acc 154 = Acc 621 + Acc 622 + Acc
627 (variable cost + fixed cost) – cost under normal (= abnormal cost)

4. Apply perpetual method


B1: Bài cho số dư đầu kỳ của các acc 152,154,155,157
 No journal entry
B2:
- Ghi nhận chi phí phát sinh trong kỳ
(1) Direct raw material costs
Dr acc 621: Direct raw material costs
Cr acc 152: Raw materials
(2) Direct labour costs
Dr acc 622: Direct labour costs
Cr acc 334: Payables to employees
(3) Production overheads
Dr acc 627: Production overheads
Cr Related acc (153,242,214,334,111,112)
- Tập hợp các chi phí phát sinh vào acc 154
Dr acc 154

32
Cr acc 621
Cr acc 622
Cr acc 627
Lưu ý: Trước khi tập hợp chi phí vào Acc 154, phải chủ động ghi nhận: Nguyên vật
liệu, nhân công vượt định mức như trên.
B3: Bài cho số dư cuối kỳ của Acc 154 (Những sản phẩm chưa sản xuất xong ở cuối
kỳ)
 No journal entry
B4: Tính giá thành đơn vị
z = (OB of Acc 154 + Acc 154 incurred - CB of Acc 154): units
=> Ghi nhận theo đề bài
- Put into warehouse:
Dr Acc 155
Cr Acc 154
- Direct sale:
+ Recorded expense:
Dr Acc 632
Cr Acc 154
+ Recorded income:
Dr Acc 111/112/131
Cr Acc 511
Cr Acc 3331
- Gửi đại lý bán (Goods on consignment)
Dr Acc 157
Cr Acc 154
Ex: Company A applies perpetual accounting system and deductible VAT method.
In the month, the following information is available
33
1. Work in progress (154) is calculated according to direct material cost incurred
180.000
=> No recorded (OB)
2. Material (152) at the beginning 1.100.000
=> No recorded (OB)
3. Put into warehouse material (152) purchased outside before VAT 1.800.000,
VAT 10%
Dr acc 152: 1.800.000
Dr acc 1331: 180.000
Cr acc 111/112/331: 1.980.000
4. Direct labour cost (622): 260.000
Dr acc 622: 260.000
Cr acc 334/338: 260.000
5. Manufacturing overhead (627) cost 320.000 (in which variable cost: 120.000,
fixed cost: 200.000)
+ Fixed overhead cost under normal capacity is allocated in cost center:
200.000 x 80% = 160.000
+ Fixed overhead cost is not allocated in cost center:
200.000 – 160.000 = 40.000
(1) Chi phí sản xuất chung phát sinh
Dr Acc 627: 120.000 + 200.000 = 320.000
Cr Related Acc: 120.000 + 200.000 = 320.000
(2) Máy móc hoạt động dưới công suất định mức
Dr Acc 632: 40.000
Cr Acc 627: 40.000
6. At the end of month, cost of ending material (152) 1.000.000
Direct material cost incurred:
34
1.100.000 (OB) + 1.800.000 (Incurred) – 1.000.000 (CB) = 1.900.000
Dr acc 621: 1.900.000
Cr acc 152: 1.900.000
(3) Transfer production cost to cost center
Dr acc 154: 1.900.000 + 260.000 + 320.000 – 40.000 = 2.440.000
Dr acc 632: 40.000 (Cr acc 627)
Cr acc 621: 1.900.000
Cr acc 622: 260.000
Cr acc 627: 320.000 (Dr acc 627)
7. There were 1.000 finished goods (155) A produce within the month. In which:
700 products sent to warehouse, the remaining is sold to Co. C
Total cost of goods manufactured = Work in progress begin + Total production
goods – Work in progress end
= 180.000 + 2.440.000 – 300.000 = 2.320.000
Unit cost = 2.320.000: 1.000 = 2.320
- Put into warehouse:
Dr Acc 155: 2.320 x 700 = 1.624.000
Cr Acc 154: 2.320 x 700 = 1.624.000
- Direct sale:
+ Recorded expense:
Dr Acc 632: 2.320 x (1.000 – 700) = 696.000
Cr Acc 154: 2.320 x (1.000 – 700) = 696.000
+ Recorded income: (Đề ko cho)
Dr Acc 111/112/131:
Cr Acc 511:
Cr Acc 3331:

35
8. 200 work in progress is calculated according to cost of material incurred
300.000
=> No recorded
Requirement: Make journal entries.
Knowing that actual capacity equal to 80% normal capacity.

5. Apply periodic method


Acc 154: Work in progress => Acc 631: Production costs
Acc 155/157: Finished goods/Outward goods on consignment => Acc 632: Costs of
goods sold
B1: Bài cho OB của 154,155,157
Dr Acc 631: Production costs
Cr Acc 154: Work in progress
Dr Acc 632: Costs of goods sold
Cr Acc 155/157: Finished goods/Outward goods on consignment
B2:
2.1. Y hệt perpetual (xử lý các bẫy giống phần 1)
2.2. Tập hợp chi phí vào Acc 631
Dr Acc 631: Production costs
Cr Acc 621: Direct raw material costs
Cr Acc 622 (sau khi đã xử lý bẫy): Direct labour costs
Cr Acc 627: Production overheads
B3: Bài cho CB của 154,155,157
Dr Acc 154: Work in progress
Cr Acc 631: Production costs
Dr Acc 155/157: Finished goods/Outward goods on consignment
Cr Acc 632: Costs of goods sold
B4: Tính unit cost
36
= (OB of 154 + incurred 631 - CB of 154): number of finished goods
B5: Xử lý đề bài theo yêu cầu
Dr Acc 632 (vì lúc đầu Acc 155/157 => 632)
Cr Acc 631 (vì lúc đầu Acc 154 => 631)
Lưu ý: Nếu sau đó bài có cho giao dịch: xuất kho các thành phẩm để bán (issue
finished goods to sell)
- Thì giao dịch này chỉ ghi nhận Acc 511 còn Acc 632 tạm thời không ghi nhận vì là
phương pháp periodic
Dr Acc 111/112/131
Cr Acc 511
Cr Acc 3331
- Tính total Acc 632 (COGS = ISSUE) = OB of Acc 155/157 + Acc 632 incurred - CB of
Acc 155/157
- Chỉ cần kết chuyển vào Acc 911
Dr Acc 911
Cr Acc 632

37
CHAPTER 6: ACCOUNTING FOR SALE
TRANSACTIONS, REVENUE, BUSINESS RESULT
1. Direct sale
- Recorded income:
Dr Acc 111/112/131/113
Cr Acc 511: Revenues
Cr Acc 3331: Value Added Tax (VAT)
- Recorded COGS:
Dr Acc 632: Costs of goods sold
Cr Acc 154/155/157

2. Goods on consignment (Gửi bán)


- Khi gửi bán:
Dr Acc 157: Outward goods on consignment
Cr Acc 154/155: Work in progress/ Finished goods
- Khi bán được:
+ Recorded income:
Dr Acc 111/112/131/113
Cr Acc 511: Revenues
Cr Acc 3331: Value Added Tax (VAT)
+ Recorded COGS:
Dr Acc 632: Costs of goods sold
Cr Acc 154/155/157
Ex: Cty A đã gửi 1.000 sản phẩm cho đại lý, 2 tuần sau, đại lý thông báo bán được
800 sản phẩm, giá bán: 10, và giá vốn: 8 (chưa bao gồm VAT). Đại lý chuyển = acc
112, sau khi trừ 5% phí trên tổng giá thanh toán (biết VAT của dịch vụ gửi bán là
10%)
- Khi gửi bán:
38
Dr Acc 157: 8 x 1.000 = 8.000
Cr Acc 155: 8 x 1.000 = 8.000
- Khi đã bán được sản phẩm:
+ Recorded income:
Dr Acc 112: 8360
Dr Acc 641 (commision fee: tiền hoa hồng): 10 x 800 x 5% = 400
Dr Acc 1331: 400 x 10% = 40
Cr Acc 511: 10 x 800 = 8.000
Cr Acc 3331: 800
+ Recorded COGS:
Dr Acc 632: 8 x 800 = 6.400
Cr Acc 157: 8 x 800 = 6.400

3. Sale returns
- Income:
Dr acc 521: Revenue deductions
Dr acc 3331: Value Added Tax (VAT)
Cr acc 111/112/113/131
- Expense:
Dr acc 155/157/154
Cr acc 632: Costs of goods sold

4. Installment sale (Trả chậm)


- Income:
Dr acc 111/112/113
Dr acc 131: Trade receivables
Cr acc 511: Revenues (Ghi theo giá trả ngay)
Cr acc 3331: Value Added Tax (VAT) (Tính VAT theo giá trả ngay)

39
Cr acc 3387: Unearned revenue (Tiền chênh lệch giữa việc trả ngay và việc
trả chậm)
- Expense:
Dr acc 632: Costs of goods sold
Cr acc 155: Finished goods
- Khi trả tiền nợ (Định khoản theo từng năm)
Dr acc 3387: Unearned revenue
Cr acc 515: Financial income
Ex: Công ty A bán 1 lô hàng theo hình thức trả góp cho khách P, giá trả ngay
500trđ, giá trả chậm 520trđ (chưa gồm 10% VAT). Khách hàng đã trả ngay 20trđ,
số còn lại thanh toán trong 2 năm, giá vốn lô hàng là 300trđ.
- Income:
Dr Acc 111/112: 200
Dr Acc 131: 370
Cr Acc 511: 500
Cr Acc 3331: 50
Cr Acc 3387: 520 – 500 = 20

5. Hàng khuyến mại cho khách


5.1. Khuyến mãi dùng thử (không cần mua hàng)
Dr acc 641: Selling expenses
Cr acc 155: Finished goods
5.2. Khuyến mãi kèm điều kiện (mua 1 tặng 1)
Ex: Bán 2 sản phẩm tủ lạnh: 200trđ (chưa bao gồm VAT) thì tặng cho khách 1 sản
phẩm 5trđ (bếp). Đã thu tiền là 220trđ (đã bao gồm thuế VAT). Giá vốn của tủ lạnh
là 145trđ, bếp là 3trđ.
=> Bản chất là phân bổ doanh thu
Tổng số tiền thu được (doanh thu): 200trđ

40
(Tổng số tiền thực thu/ tổng giá sản phẩm chưa khuyến mại x giá sản phẩm = giá
bán của sản phẩm khi đã khuyến mại)
+ Tủ lạnh: 200/ (200 + 5) x 200 = 195,12
+ Bếp: 200/ (200 + 5) x 5 = 4,88 (Cách khác: Tổng số tiền - doanh thu bán tủ lạnh =
doanh thu bán bếp (200 - 195,12 = 4,88))
- Recorded income:
Dr Acc 111/112/131: 220
Cr Acc 511: 200 (Detail: Tủ lạnh là 195,12 và bếp là 4,88)
Cr Acc 3331: 20
- Recorded expense:
Dr Acc 632: 145 + 3 = 148
Cr Acc 155: 148

6. Quy trình kết chuyển (Determine the business result)


6.1. Kết chuyển Income
- Income:
Acc 511: 1.000
Acc 515: 100
Acc 711: 100
Acc 521: 200 (làm giảm revenue deduction)
- Trước khi kết chuyển Acc 511 vào Acc 911, ta phải kết chuyển Acc 521 vào Acc
511
Dr Acc 511: 200
Cr Acc 521: 200
- Kết chuyển Income:
Dr Acc 511: 1.000 – 200 = 800
Dr Acc 515: 100
Dr Acc 711: 100
41
Cr Acc 911: 1.000
6.2. Kết chuyển Expense
Lưu ý:
+ Acc 611, 621, 622, 627, 631: Không dùng để kết chuyển
+ Acc 632, 635, 641, 642, 811: Đều có giá trị là 100
- Kết chuyển Expense:
Dr Acc 911: 500
Cr Acc 632: 100
Cr Acc 635: 100
Cr Acc 641: 100
Cr Acc 642: 100
Cr Acc 811: 100
 Profit before CIT (Corporate income tax):
= Income – Expense = 1.000 – 500 = 500
CIT expense = 500 x 20% = 100
Dr Acc 8211: 100
Cr Acc 3334: 100
(Định khoản về thuế TNDN)
 Profit after tax (Profit for the year):
= Profit before CIT – CIT expense = 500 – 100 = 400
Dr Acc 911: 400
Cr Acc 4212: 400
Bài cho thêm non – deductible VAT
Taxable income (thu nhập chịu thuế) = Profit before tax + non-deductible expense
- deferred income tax (thuế thu nhập hoãn lại) – tax loss carried forward (lỗ kết
chuyển)

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1. Acc 511
2. Acc 521
3. Acc 511 – Acc 521
4. Acc 632 => 911
5. (3) – (4)
6. Acc 515 => 911
7. Acc 635 => 911
8. Acc 641 => 911
9. Acc 642 => 911
10. (5) + (6) – (7) – (8) – (9)
11. Acc 711 => Acc 911
12. Acc 811 => Acc 911
13. (11) – (12)
14. (10) + (13)
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15. Acc 8211 => Acc 911
16. Cho sẵn trong đề
17. (14) – (15)

7. Cách tự cho số liệu


7.1. Tự cho selling price
+ Để cho doanh nghiệp có lãi (Income > Expense)
+ Selling price gấp 3, 4 lần unit cost (nhớ làm tròn số)
Ex: Unit cost là 4/product, quantity: 100 => COGS: 4 x 100 = 400
Cho selling price: 4 x 4 = 16 => làm tròn số: 20/product
7.2. Tự cho số liệu về Acc 641,642 để DN có lãi
Lưu ý: Cho số liệu phải phù hợp với quy mô
Acc 511: 400
Acc 515: 100
Acc 521: 50
 Total: 450
Acc 632: 200
Acc 641: X1
Acc 642: X2
 Total = 200 + X1 + X2 < 450
 X1 + X2 < 250
 X1: Từ 50 đến 80
 X2: Từ 50 đến 100

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