"Interrogating Economic Interdependence: Exploring Its

Influence on State Behavior in International Politics"

Introduction
In international politics, the intricate interplay between economic interdependence
and state behavior is a focal point of scholarly inquiry. The dynamics of economic
ties among nations have long been acknowledged as a significant determinant of
global affairs, shaping alliances, conflicts, and cooperation on the world stage. As
Keohane and Nye (1977) proposed in their seminal work on complex
interdependence, the traditional emphasis on military power in international
relations must be supplemented with an understanding of the multifaceted nature of
global interactions, where economic factors wield substantial influence.

This project endeavors to delve into the complexities of economic interdependence

and its implications for state behavior in contemporary international politics. With
the increasing globalization of economies and the deepening integration of
markets, the significance of economic ties transcends mere commercial
transactions, extending into the realm of geopolitics and strategic decision-making.
As Mansfield and Pollins (2003) aptly note, the extent and nature of economic
interdependence among states have profound implications for their political
interactions, influencing the likelihood of conflict or cooperation.

The relevance of this topic extends beyond academic discourse, resonating deeply
in the corridors of power and policymaking. In an era marked by growing
economic interconnections, policymakers grapple with the complexities of
managing relationships amidst competing interests and vulnerabilities. The
ramifications of economic interdependence reverberate across diverse domains,
from trade negotiations and investment flows to geopolitical alignments and
security considerations.

In the subsequent sections, this proposal will undertake a comprehensive review of

existing literature, articulate research questions and hypotheses, present the
argument or thesis, outline the methodology, and address ethical considerations
pertinent to the study. Through this holistic approach, the aim is to provide a robust
framework for understanding and analyzing the dynamics of economic
interdependence in international politics.

Literature Review
The concept of economic interdependence in international politics has been a
subject of extensive scholarly inquiry, drawing on diverse theoretical frameworks
and methodological approaches. Over the years, researchers have explored the
multifaceted nature of economic ties among nations and their implications for state
behavior, conflict resolution, and global governance. This literature review seeks to
provide a comprehensive overview of key theoretical perspectives, empirical
studies, and methodological approaches that have shaped the understanding of
economic interdependence in international politics.

One of the seminal works in this field is "Power and Interdependence" by Keohane
and Nye (1977), which introduced the concept of complex interdependence. They
argued that in an increasingly interconnected world, traditional notions of power
based solely on military strength are inadequate for understanding international
relations. Instead, they proposed a framework that emphasizes the
interconnectedness of states through various channels, including economic, social,
and environmental linkages. This conceptualization laid the groundwork for
subsequent research on the role of economic interdependence in shaping state
behavior.

Building on Keohane and Nye's framework, scholars have examined the

mechanisms through which economic interdependence influences state behavior.
Gartzke (2007) contributed to this literature with his work on the "Capitalist
Peace," which posits that states with higher levels of economic interdependence are
less likely to engage in military conflict. Using quantitative analysis, Gartzke
demonstrated a strong correlation between economic ties, trade openness, and the
propensity for peace among nations.
Similarly, Mansfield and Pollins (2003) explored the relationship between
economic interdependence and conflict resolution, highlighting the role of trade
relationships in mitigating tensions between states. Their study provided empirical
evidence to support the argument that economic interdependence serves as a
pacifying force in international relations, fostering cooperation and reducing the
likelihood of armed conflict.

In addition to its impact on conflict dynamics, economic interdependence has been

studied in the context of global governance and institutional arrangements. Milner
(1992) examined the role of international institutions in managing economic
interdependence, arguing that institutions play a crucial role in facilitating
cooperation among states by providing mechanisms for conflict resolution and
dispute settlement. Similarly, Moravcsik (1998) emphasized the importance of
institutional frameworks, such as the European Union, in promoting economic
integration and political stability among member states.

Furthermore, scholars have explored the implications of economic interdependence

for state sovereignty, national security, and strategic decision-making. Strange
(1988) highlighted the vulnerabilities inherent in economic interdependence,
noting that while it can foster cooperation, it also exposes states to external shocks
and vulnerabilities. This perspective underscores the complex interplay between
economic interests and strategic imperatives in shaping state behavior in the
international arena.

In recent years, the literature on economic interdependence has expanded to

incorporate new actors and dimensions of globalization. Held et al. (1999)
examined the impact of globalization on state sovereignty and governance
structures, emphasizing the need for multilateral cooperation to address
transnational challenges such as climate change, pandemics, and terrorism.

Research Question and Hypotheses

Research Question: How does economic interdependence influence state behavior
in contemporary international politics?
Sub-Questions:

1. What are the mechanisms through which economic interdependence affects

state behavior?
2. How do asymmetries in economic interdependence influence power
dynamics among states?
3. To what extent do emerging powers challenge traditional notions of
economic interdependence and state behavior?

Hypotheses:

Main Hypothesis: Greater levels of economic interdependence lead to increased

cooperation and reduced likelihood of conflict among states.

 This hypothesis draws upon the insights of scholars such as Gartzke

(2007), who argue that economic interdependence serves as a
pacifying force in international relations, fostering cooperation and
reducing the propensity for armed conflict.

Sub-Hypothesis 1: Economic interdependence influences state behavior through

mechanisms such as trade openness, investment flows, and economic integration.

 This sub-hypothesis is grounded in the theoretical framework

proposed by Keohane and Nye (1977), which emphasizes the
interconnectedness of states through various channels, including
economic linkages.

Sub-Hypothesis 2: Asymmetries in economic interdependence create power

imbalances among states, influencing their strategic calculations and behavior.

 This sub-hypothesis builds upon the work of scholars such as

Mansfield and Pollins (2003), who highlight the role of power
asymmetries in shaping the outcomes of economic interactions among
states.
Sub-Hypothesis 3: Emerging powers challenge traditional notions of economic
interdependence by pursuing alternative models of economic development and
integration.

 This sub-hypothesis reflects the evolving dynamics of economic

interdependence in a changing global landscape, as observed by
scholars studying the rise of non-Western powers and their impact on
the international system.

By testing these hypotheses and exploring the complex relationship between

economic interdependence and state behavior, this research seeks to contribute to a
deeper understanding of the dynamics of contemporary international politics.
Through empirical analysis and theoretical insights, it aims to elucidate the
mechanisms through which economic ties among nations shape their strategic
choices, alliances, and interactions on the world stage

Argument or Thesis
The overarching aim of this research is to illuminate the intricate relationship
between economic interdependence and state behavior in contemporary
international politics. At its core, the argument posits that economic
interdependence serves as a significant determinant of state actions, shaping their
strategic calculations, alliances, and interactions on the global stage. Through a
nuanced examination of the mechanisms, asymmetries, and implications of
economic interdependence, this study seeks to contribute to a deeper understanding
of the complexities of contemporary international relations.

Central to the thesis is the contention that greater levels of economic

interdependence among states lead to increased cooperation and reduced likelihood
of conflict. Drawing upon the insights of scholars such as Keohane and Nye
(1977), who introduced the concept of complex interdependence, this argument
emphasizes the multifaceted nature of global interactions, where economic factors
play a pivotal role alongside traditional measures of power. As Gartzke (2007)
argues in his work on the "Capitalist Peace," economic ties serve as a pacifying
force, fostering cooperation and mitigating the propensity for armed conflict
among nations.

Furthermore, the thesis contends that asymmetries in economic interdependence

create power imbalances among states, which in turn influence their strategic
calculations and behavior. This argument builds upon the insights of scholars such
as Mansfield and Pollins (2003), who highlight the role of power differentials in
shaping the outcomes of economic interactions among states.

Methodology
0This research employs a mixed-methods approach to investigate the influence of
economic interdependence on state behavior in contemporary international politics.
By combining quantitative analysis of economic data with qualitative case studies,
the study aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms,
asymmetries, and implications of economic ties among nations.

Overall Research Design:

The research design is structured to capture both the breadth and depth of
economic interdependence and its effects on state behavior. Quantitative analysis
allows for the examination of large-scale trends and patterns in economic
interdependence, while qualitative case studies provide in-depth insights into
specific instances and contexts.

Quantitative Analysis:

Quantitative analysis involves the collection and analysis of economic data from
reputable sources such as the World Bank, International Monetary Fund (IMF),
and academic databases. Key variables include measures of trade openness,
investment flows, economic asymmetries, and indicators of state behavior such as
alliance formation, conflict involvement, and cooperation agreements.
Statistical techniques, including regression modeling, correlation analysis, and
time-series analysis, will be employed to examine the relationships between
economic interdependence and state behavior. This quantitative approach allows
for the identification of statistically significant patterns and associations, providing
empirical support for theoretical hypotheses.

Qualitative Case Studies:

Qualitative case studies complement quantitative analysis by offering detailed

insights into the mechanisms and dynamics of economic interdependence in
specific contexts. Case selection will be guided by theoretical relevance and
empirical significance, focusing on regions or issues where economic
interdependence plays a prominent role in shaping state behavior.

Data collection methods for qualitative case studies include archival research, elite
interviews, and document analysis. Case studies may encompass a range of topics,
such as trade disputes, investment negotiations, regional integration initiatives, or
strategic partnerships. By examining these cases in detail, the study aims to
uncover the complex interplay between economic interests, political
considerations, and strategic calculations.

Integration of Quantitative and Qualitative Findings:

The quantitative and qualitative components of the research will be integrated

through a comparative analysis approach. Quantitative findings will provide
overarching trends and patterns, while qualitative insights offer context-specific
explanations and nuances. By triangulating data from multiple sources and
methods, the study seeks to develop a comprehensive and nuanced understanding
of the role of economic interdependence in shaping state behavior.

Justification of approach:

The mixed-methods approach is chosen for its ability to capture the complexity
and multidimensionality of economic interdependence in international politics.
While quantitative analysis allows for systematic examination of large-scale
trends, qualitative case studies provide depth and context-specific insights that
enrich our understanding of the phenomena under study. By combining these
approaches, the research aims to generate robust and nuanced findings that
contribute to theoretical advancement and empirical knowledge in the field.

Ethical Considerations
Ethical considerations in this research encompass several key aspects, including
the protection of human subjects, integrity in data collection and analysis, and
responsible dissemination of findings. Adherence to ethical guidelines ensures the
welfare and rights of participants and upholds the integrity and credibility of the
research process (American Psychological Association, 2017).

Informed consent will be obtained from participants in qualitative research

components, ensuring they understand the purpose, risks, and benefits of their
involvement (American Psychological Association, 2017). Confidentiality and
anonymity will be maintained to safeguard participants' privacy, and data will be
securely stored and used only for research purposes (Bryman, 2016).

Furthermore, the research will uphold principles of academic integrity and

transparency, accurately representing data and findings without distortion or bias
(Bryman, 2016). Care will be taken to acknowledge and appropriately cite sources,
thereby respecting intellectual property rights and avoiding plagiarism (American
Psychological Association, 2017).

Finally, in disseminating research findings, efforts will be made to ensure

accessibility and clarity for diverse audiences, promoting broader understanding
and informed discourse on the topic (American Psychological Association, 2017).
By adhering to ethical principles throughout the research process, this study aims
to uphold standards of integrity, respect, and responsibility in conducting scholarly
inquiry.

Conclusion:
In conclusion, this research proposal seeks to advance our understanding of the
intricate relationship between economic interdependence and state behavior in
international politics. By employing a mixed-methods approach, the study aims to
explore the mechanisms, asymmetries, and implications of economic ties among
nations, contributing to theoretical advancement and empirical knowledge in the
field. Through rigorous analysis and ethical conduct, this research sheds light on
the complexities of contemporary international relations and provides valuable
insights for policymakers, scholars, and practitioners. Ultimately, by unraveling the
complexities of economic interdependence, this study aspires to foster a deeper
understanding of the dynamics shaping the global order and inform strategies for
promoting peace, cooperation, and stability in an interconnected world.

Indicative Bibliography:

 Bryman, A. (2016). Social Research Methods. Oxford University Press.

 Yin, R. K. (2014). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. SAGE
Publications.
 Ragin, C. C. (2014). The Comparative Method: Moving Beyond Qualitative
and Quantitative Strategies. University of California Press.
 Yin, R. K. (2014). Case Study Research: Design and Methods. SAGE
Publications.
 Gartzke, E. (2007). Capitalist Peace. American Journal of Political Science,
51(1), 166-191.
 Held, D., et al. (1999). Global Transformations: Politics, Economics and
Culture. Stanford University Press.
 Keohane, R. O., & Nye, J. S. (1977). Power and Interdependence: World
Politics in Transition. Little, Brown.
 Mansfield, E. D., & Pollins, B. M. (2003). Interdependence and Conflict: An
Introduction. International Studies Quarterly, 47(1), 5-16.
 Milner, H. V. (1992). International Theories of Cooperation among Nations:
Strengths and Weaknesses. World Politics, 44(3), 466-496.
 Moravcsik, A. (1998). The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State
Power from Messina to Maastricht. Cornell University Press.
 Strange, S. (1988). States and Markets. Bloomsbury Academic.
 American Psychological Association. (2017). Publication manual of the
American Psychological Association (6th ed.). American Psychological
Association.