FILI30103 - Module Sa Wikang Chavacano

KAGAMITANG PANTURO
WIKANG CHAVACANO/CHABAKANO
Wikang Rehiyonal 2
FILI 30103
Tinipon ni
ARGIE B. HIFARVA
Dalubguro
Kagawaran ng Filipinolohiya
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Walang bahagi ng publikasyong ito ang maaaring kopyahin sa paraang elektroniko/
mekanikal ng walang nakasulat na pahintulot mula sa nagsagawa ng publikasyon o
nagtipon sa pamamagitan ng abhifarva@pup.edu.ph. Ang pangalan ng/ ng mga
dalubguro na makikita sa pabalat ng kagamitang panturo ay tanging nagtipon lamang ng
materyales mula sa iba‘t ibang awtor. Tinitiyak ng mga naghanda ng kagamitang panturo
/ nagsagawa ng publikasyon na tanging layuning akademiko ang ginawang pagsipi at
hindi gagamitin bilang rekurso.
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Panimula
CHAVACANO o CHABACANO
Ang Chavacano o Chabacano ay isang pangkat ng wikang kreolo na batay sa Kastila

na sinasalita sa Pilipinas. Ang baryante na sinasalita sa Lungsod ng Zamboanga, na
matatagpuan sa timugang Pilipinong grupo ng isla ng Mindanao ay may pinakamaraming
nagsasalita. Mahahanap ang mga ibang nabubuhay na uri nito sa Lungsod ng Cavite at
Ternate, na matatagpuan sa lalawigan ng Cavite sa pulo ng Luzon. Chavacano ang nag-
iisang kreolo batay sa Kastila sa Asya.
Naiiba ang mga uri ng Chavacano sa tiyak na aspekto tulad ng talasalitaan ngunit sa
pangkalahatan ay nagkakaintidihan ang mga nagsasalita ng mga uring ito, lalo na sa mga
kalapit ng uri. Habang nagmumula sa Kastila ang karamihan ng leksikon ng mga iba't
ibang uri ng Chavacano, magkatulad ang kanilang mga pambalarilang istruktura sa mga
ibang wikang Pilipino. Kabilang sa mga wika ng Pilipinas, ito lamang ang hindi wikang
Austronesyo, ngunit tulad ng mga wikang Malayo-Polynesyo, gumagamit ito
ng reduplikasyon.
Nagmumula ang salitang Chabacano mula sa Kastila, na halos nangangahulugan ng
“malaswa” o “bulgar”, ngunit walang negatibong konotasyon ang salita sa mga
kasalukuyang nagsasalita at at nawala ang orihinal na kahulugan nito mula sa Kastila.
Mga baryante
Mga katutubong nagsasalita na Zamboangueño sa Mindanao

Nakapagbiling ang mga dalub wika ng anim na Kastilang kreolong baryante sa
Pilipinas. Nakabatay ang kanilang pag-uuri sa kanilang wikang sustrato at sa lugar kung
saan sila sinasalita. Ang tatlong kilalang baryante ng Chavacano kung saan Tagalog ang
kanilang wikang sustrato ay mga kreolong batay sa Luzon ay Caviteño (sinasalita
sa Lungsod ng Cavite), Bahra o Ternateño (sinasalita sa Ternate, Cavite)
at Ermiteño (na dating sinalita sa lumang distrito ng Ermita sa Manila at ay lipol ngayon).
Bahagi kung saan sinasalita ang Chavacano
Uri Tagpuan Katutubong Nagsasalita
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Castellano Abakay (Chabacano Rehiyon ng Davao, Lungsod ng N/A
de Davao) Davao
Caviteño (Chabacano di Cavite 4,000 (2013)
Nisos/Chabacano de Cavite)
Cotabateño (Chabacano de Lungsod ng N/A
Cotabato Cotabato, Maguindanao
Ermiteño (Ermitense) Ermita N/A
Ternateño (Bahra) Ternate 3,000 (2013)
Zamboangueño Lungsod ng 359,000 (Rubino 2008,
(Zamboangueño/Zamboangueño Zamboanga, Basilan, Sulu, Tawi- sinisipi ang senso
Chavacano/Chabacano de Tawi, Zamboanga del noong 2000)
Zamboanga) Sur, Zamboanga del
Norte, Zamboanga Sibugay
Mayroong mga teorya kung paano nagbago ang mga iba't ibang baryante ng
Chavacano at kung paano sila nauugnay sa isa't isa. Ayon sa mga ibang dalubwika,
pinaniniwalaan na naimpluwensiyahan ang Chabacano de Zamboanga ng Chabacano
de Cavite na napatunayan ng mga tanyag na pamilyang Zamboangueño na nagmula sa
mga opisyal ng Hukbong Kastila (mula sa Espanya at Amerikang Latino), lalo na sa mga
mestizo de Caviteño, na nakapuwesto sa Fort Pilar noong ika-19 na siglo. Noong kinalap
ng mga Caviteñong opisyal ang mga manggagawa at tekniko mula sa Iloilo para
patakbuhin ang kanilang mga tubuhan at palayan para bawasan ang dependensya ng
lokal na populasyon mula sa Donativo de Zamboanga, ipinapataw ng buwis ang mga
tagapulo ng kolonyal na pamahalaan ng Kastila upang suportahan ang pagtatakbo ng
muog. Sa kasunod na pandarayuhan ng mga Ilonggong mangangalakal sa Zamboanga,
nakakuha ng mga salitang Ilonggo ang Zamboangueño habang lumagom ang naunang
mandarayuhang komunidad.
Karamihan sa mga nagmumukhang salitang Bisaya sa Zamboangueño ay salitang
Ilonggo sa katotohanan. Kahit nagsimula ang pakikisama ng Zamboangueño sa Bisaya
nang mas maaga noong nakapuwesto ang mga Cebuanong sundalo sa Fort Pilar noong
panahong kolonyal ng Kastila, bumilis lamang noong ang mga paghiram mula sa Bisaya
noong mas malapit sa gitna ng ika-20 siglo mula sa paglipat mula sa Visayas pati na rin
ang kasalukuyang paglipat mula sa mga ibang lugar kung saan sinasalita ang Bisaya sa
Tangway ng Zamboanga.
Sinasalita ang Zamboangueño (Chavacano) sa Lungsod ng
Zamboanga, Basilan, mga bahagi ng Sulu at Tawi-Tawi, at Zamboanga del
Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay at Zamboanga del Norte. Chabacano de Zamboanga ang
pinakadinamikong sinasalitang wika ng Pilipinong Kreolong Espanyol. Ginagamit ito
bilang lingua franca ng mga Muslim at Kristiyano sa mga komunidad ng Timog-kanlurang
Mindanao at mga Kapuluan ng Basilan. Kumalat ang kanyang impluwensiya sa mga
ibang isla sa kanluran, tulad ng mga Kapuluang Jolo, pati na rin sa Cotabato at Davao sa
Mindanao, at sa huli sa timog sa Malaysia.[7] Ang mga ibang uri ng Chavacano kung
saan Bisaya ang kanilang pangunahing wikang substrato ay ang mga kreolong nakabase
sa Mindanao. Kabilang dito ang Castellano Abakay o Chavacano de Davao (sinasalita
sa mga ibang lugar sa Davao), na naimpluwensya ng Tsino at Hapones, at nakahati sa
dalawang subdayalekto, Castellano Abakay Chino at Castellano Abakay
Japón, at Cotabateño (sinasalita sa Lungsod ng Cotabato). Magkatulad ang Cotabateño
at Davaoeño sa Zamboangueño.
Mga katangian
Ang mga wikang Chavacano sa Pilipinas ay mga kreolo batay sa Espanyol
Mehikano at posible rin sa, Portuges. Sa mga ibang wikang Chavacano, magkatulad ang
karamihan ng mga salita sa Espanyol Andalus, ngunit marami ang mga salitang hiniram
mula sa Nahuatl, isang katutubong wika ng Gitnang Mehiko, na hindi mahahanap sa
Espanyol Andalus. Kahit karamihan sa bokabularyo ay Mehikano, nakabatay ang
kanyang balarila sa mga ibang wikang Pilipino, lalo na sa Ilonggo, Tagalog at Bisaya. Sa
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pamamagitan ng Kastila, mayroon ding mga impluwensiya ang kanyang talasalitaan mula
sa mga wika ng Amerikanong Indiyano tulad ng Nahuatl, Taino, Quechua, atbp. na
napapatunayan ng mga salitang chongo (unggoy, sa halip ng Kastilang 'mono'), tiange,
atbp.
Salungat sa mga dayalektong nakabase sa Luzon, ang baryanteng
Zamboangueño ay may pinakamaraming paghiram at/o impluwensiya mula sa mga iba
pang Pilipinong wikang Austronesyo kabilang ang Hiligaynon at Tagalog. Mayroong mga
salita mula sa Malay ang Zamboangueño; kasama ito kahit hindi ito katutubong wika ng
Pilipinas, naging lingua franca ito ng tagatabing-dagat na Timog-silangang Asya. Dahil
sinasalita rin ang Zamboangueño ng mga Muslim, mayroon ding mga hiniram na sinalita
ito mula sa Arabe, pinakaraniwan dito ang mga salitang may kinalaman sa Islam.
Gayunpaman, mahirap sinagin kung nagmumula ang mga salitang ito sa lokal na
populasyon o sa Kastila mismo, dahil may 6,000 salita sa Kastila na may pinagmulang
Arabe. Mayroon ding mga salita ang Chavacano na may pinagmulang Persa na pumasok
sa Chavacano sa pamamagitan ng Malay at Arabe; wikang Indo-Europeo silang dalawa.
Demograpiko
Mahahanap ang pinakamaraming bilang ng nagsasalita ng Chavacano
sa Lungsod ng Zamboanga at sa lalawigang pulo ng Basilan. Mayroon ding
makabuluhang bilang ng mga nagsasalita ng Chavacano sa Lungsod ng Cavite at
Ternate. Mayroon ding mga nagsasalita sa mga ilang lugar sa mga lalawigan
ng Zamboanga del Sur, Zamboanga Sibugay, Zamboanga del Norte, Davao, at sa
Lungsod ng Cotabato. Ayon sa opisyal na senso ng Pilipinas noong 2000, mayroong
607,200 nagsasalita ng Chavacano sa Pilipinas sa taong iyon. Posibleng mas mataas
ang tiyak na numero dahil lubos na nilalampasan ang pigura mula sa senso ang
populasyon ng Lungsod ng Zamboanga noong 2000, kung saan pangunahing wika ang
Chavacano. Bilang karagdagan, hindi rin kasama sa pigura ang mga nagsasalita ng
Chavacano sa diaspora ng Pilipino. Sa kabila nito, Zamboangueño ang baryante na may
pinakamaraming nagsasalita, dahil ito ang opisyal na wika ng Lungsod ng Zamboanga,
na may ipinapalagay na populasyon na higit sa milyon sa kasalukuyan na opisyal na wika
rin sa Basilan.
Makahahanap ng mga nagsasalita ng Chavacano sa mga ibang lugar sa Sabah
dahil naging sa ilalim ito ng bahagyang soberanya ng Espanya at sa pamamagitan ng
mga Pilipinong tumatakas mula sa Tangway ng Zamboanga at mga lugar na nakararami
ang Muslim sa Mindanao tulad ng Kapuluan ng Sulu.
Sinasalita rin ito ng mga kaunting katutubong tao ng Zamboanga at Basilan, tulad
ng mga Tausugs, the Samal, and the Yakan, karamihan ng mga taong iyon ay Sunni. Sa
mga katabing probinsya ng Sulu at Tawi-Tawi, mayroong mga Muslim na nagsasalita ng
Chavacano de Zamboanga, lahat sila ay kapit-bahay ng mga Kristiyano. Mayroon ding
mga nagsasalita ng Chavacano de Zamboanga, mga Kristiyano at Muslim, sa Lanao del
Norte at Lanao del Sur. Nagsasalita rin ang mga Kristiyano at Muslim
sa Maguindanao, Sultan Kudarat, Cotabato, Timog Cotabato, Lungsod ng Cotabato,
at Saranggani ng Chavacano de Zamboanga. Tandaan na naging bahagi ng buhay-
alamang na Republika ng Zamboanga, ang Tangway ng Zamboanga, Basilan, Sulu,
Tawi-tawi, Maguindanao, Lungsod ng Cotabato, Soccsksargen (rehiyon na binubuo
ng Sultan Kudarat, Cotabato, Timog Cotabato, at Saranggani) at Rehiyon ng Davao, kung
saan pinili ang Chavacano bilang wikang opisyal.
Kahalagahan sa lipunan
Halos pasalitang wika ang Chavacano. Sa nakaraan, limtado ang paggamit nito
sa panitikan at higit sa lahat nakakulong sa heograpikal na lokasyon kung sinasalita ang
isang partikular na baryante. Mas ginagamit ito bilang pasalitang wika kaysa sa wikang
pampanitikan kumpara sa paggamit ng Kastila sa Pilipinas, kung saan mas matagumpay
siya bilang wikang sinulat kaysa sa wikang sinasalita. Kamakailan lamang, mayroong
mga tangka para hikayatin ang paggamit ng Chavacano bilang wikang pansulat, ngunit
karamihan sa mag tangka ay maliit na pagtangka sa alamat at panitikang pang-relihiyon
at ilang mga sinaulat sa medya ng paglilimbag. Sa Lungsod ng Zamboanga, habang
ginagamit ang wika ng midyang pangmasa, Simbahang Katoliko, edukasyon, at
pamahalaang lokal, kaunti lamang ang mga panitikan na sinulat sa Zamboangueño at
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hindi agad-agad makahahanap ang publiko ng mga rekurso tungkol dito. Dahil sinasalita
ang Chavacano ng mga Muslim bilang ikalawang wika hindi lamang sa Lungsod ng
Zamboanga at Basilan ngunit sa Sulu at Tawi-tawi rin, inilalathala ang ilang mga libro
ng Qur'an sa Chavacano.
Mga halimbawa
Zamboangueño
Donde tu hay anda?

Kastila: ¿A dónde vas?
(‘Saan ka pupunta?’)
Ya mirá yo con José.

Kastila: Yo vi a José.
(‘Nakita ko si José.’)
Ya empezá ele buscá que buscá entero lugar con el sal.

Kastila: El/Ella empezó a buscar la sal en todas partes.
(‘Nagsimula siyang maghanap sa lahat ng dako para sa asin.’)
Ya andá ele na escuela.

Kastila: El/Ella se fue a la escuela.
(‘Pumunta siya sa paaralan.’)
Si Mario ya dormí na casa.

Kastila: Mario durmió en la casa.
(‘Natulog si Mario sa loob ng bahay.’)
El hombre, con quien ya man encuentro tu, es

mi hermano.
Kastila: El hombre que encontraste, es mi hermano.
(Ang lalaki na iyong nakilala ay aking kapatid.)
El persona con quien tu tan cuento, bien

alegre gayot.
Kastila: La persona con la que estás hablando es muy alegre. / La persona con
quien tú estás conversando es bien alegre.
(Talagang masaya ang taong kausap mo.)
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Isa pang halimbawa ng Zamboangueño
Zamboangueño Kastila Tagalog

Treinta y cuatro kilometro El Bunguiao, a treinta y Ang Bunguiao, isang
desde el pueblo de cuatro kilómetros desde
maliit na baranggay na
Zamboanga el Bunguiao, un el pueblo de Zamboanga,
tatlumpung apat na
diutay barrio que estaba un es un pequeño barrio que
desierto. No hay gente quien una vez fue un área kilometro mula sa
ta queda aquí antes. salvaje. No había gente
Abundante este lugar de lungsod ng Zamboanga,
que se quedara a vivir
ahí. En este lugar había ay dating kasukalan.
maga animales
en abundancia animales
particularmente maga Walang taong
salvajes tales como
puerco 'e monte, gatorgalla, cerdos, gatos monteses, naninirahan dito.
venao y otro más pa. venados, y otros más.
Solamente maga Este lugar era visitado Managana ang pook ng
únicamente por mga mabangis na hayop
pajariadores lang ta visitá cazadores de pájaros. tulad ng mga baboy,
con este lugar. musang, usa, at iba pa.
Binisita lamang ang
lugar ng mga
mangangaso ng ibon.
Anyo at estilo
Ang Chavacano (lalo na ang Zamboangueño) ay may

dalawang rehistro o sosyolekto: ang karaniwan, kolokyal, bulgar o pamilyar at ang pormal
na rehistro/sosyolekto. Sa pangkalahatan, mas malapit ang rehistrong pormal sa Kastila,
at mas malapit ang rehistrong kolokyal sa mga katutubong wikang Austronesyo. Sa
rehistrong/sosyolektong karaniwan, kolokyal, bulgar, o pamilyar, nangngingibabaw ang
mga salitang may lokal na pinagmulan o halo ng salitang lokal at Kastila. Karaniwang
ginagamit ang rehistrong karaniwan o pamilyar kung nakikipag-usap sa mga taong may
pantay na kalagayan o mas mababang kalagayan sa lipunan. Mas madalas din siyang
ginagamit sa pamilya, kaibigan at kakilala. Tinatanggap ang paggamit ito sa
pangkalahatan.
Sa rehistrong/sosyolektong pormal, nangngingibabaw ang mga salitang mula sa
Kastila o mga salitang Kastila. Ginagamit ang rehistrong pormal lalo na kapag nagsasalita
sa mga taong may mas mataas na kalagayan sa lipunan. Ginagamit din ito kapag
nakikipag-usap sa mga matatanda (lalo na sa loob ng pamilya at mga matandang kamag-
anak) at sa mga may awtoridad. Mas ginagamit ito ng mga matatandang henerasyon,
mestisong Zamboangueño, at sa mga baryo. Ito ang anyong ginagamit sa mga talumpati,
edukasyon, midya, at pagsusulat. Pinaghahalo minsan sa ilang antas ng rehistrong
pormal ang rehistrong kolokyal.
Ipinapakita ng mga sumusunod na halimbawa ang pagkakaiba ng paggmit ng salitang
promal at karniwan o pamilyar na salita sa Chavacano.
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Talaan ng mga Nilalaman
Panimula 3
Ang Alpabetong Chabacano
Pagbigkas
Pagbibilang
Mga Bahagi ng Katawan
Kulay
Mga Pananda
Pangngalan
Panghalip
Pang-uri
Pandiwa
Pang-ukol
Pangatnig
WH na tanong
Kayarian ng Pangungusap
Mga Idyomatikong Ekspresyon
Talahulugan
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INTRODUCI TU MISMO CUERPO
Introducing yourself
Below is a sample script on how you will introduce yourself. Change the personal information
with yours and recite it.
Hola! Yo si Juan Dela Cruz y 26 y año ya yo.

(Hello! I am Juan Dela Cruz and I am 26 years old.)
Ya nace comigo de Diciembre fecha ocho ano mil neuvecientos noventa y uno.
(I was born on December 8, 1991.)
Tiene yo dos hermano y uno hermana/ Yo el único/a hijo/a na diamon famillia.

(I have two brothers and 1 sister/ I am the only child in the family.)
Ta queda yo na barrio de Putik, Ciudad de Zamboanga.

(I live in barangay Putik, Zamboanga City)
Ya gradua na yo na Universidad Estatal de Mindanao de Occidental

(I graduated from Western Mindanao State University.)
El curso que ya acaba yo Bachillerato de Artes na Ingles.

(The course that I finished is Bachelor of Arts in English.)
.
Quiere yo queda un negociante y posee un restaurante algún día.
(I want to be a businessman and to own a restaurant someday.)
Soltero pa yo (prometido, casado, viudo)

(I am single/engaged/married/widower)
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CONOCIENDO NUEVO AMIGO
Knowing a new friend
Study and familiarize the dialogue below. If possible, look for partner to perform it.
Persona 1: Hola! Qué tal man tú? (Hello, How are you?)
Persona 2: Muy bien, gracias. Y uste? (Very well. What about you?)
Persona 1: Bueno man, Cosa dituyo nombre? (I’m good. What’s your name?)
Persona 2: Yo si Juan. Y tú? (I’m John. And you?)
Persona 1: Yo si Juana. (I’m Jean.)
Persona 2: Dónde tú ta queda? (Where do you live?)
Persona 1: Ta queda yo na barrio de Tetuan. Y tú? (I’m from barangay. Tetuan, you?)
Persona 2: Yo de barrio de Mampang. (I’m from Mampang.)
Persona 1: Con mucho gusto ya conoce yo contigo. (Nice meeting you.)
Persona 2: Yo también. Gracias. Hasta la vista! (Me too. Thank you. Til we see each other.)
Persona 1: Si. Hasta la vista! (Yes. Til we see each other.)
Persona 2: Adiós! (Goodbye!)
Persona 1: Adiós! (Goodbye!)
Persona 2: Vaya con Dios! (May God bless you!)
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Maga Pregunta Común na Chavacano
Common Questions in Chavacano
Greetings Time
Hello, how are you? What time is it?

Hola, Que tal tu? Qué hora ya?
Good morning! It's one o'clock in the afternoon.

Buenas días! A la una del tarde.
Good afternoon! It's two o'clock in the afternoon.

Buenas tardes! A las dos del tarde.
Good evening! It's six thirty in the evening.

Buenas noches! A las seis y media del noche.
Goodbye! Today is Saturday.

Adios! Sabado este dia/Este dia Sabado.
See you What time is the meeting?

Hasta la vista! Qué hora el miting?
Asking at the store
Do you have special paper?

Tiene tu papel especial?
How much is the long sleeves polo?

De cuánto el polo de manga largo?
How much is this?

De cuánto este?
How much is the mango per kilo?

Cuánto el mangga por kilo?
Do you want this?

Quiere tu con este?
How much is a bouquet of flowers?

Cuánto el un ramo de flores?
Where are the dishwashing liquids?

Dónde el liquido para lava plato?
Where can I find the juice powder?

Dónde puede encontra el polvo de jus?
Where can I find the mobile phone store?

Dónde puede encontra el tienda de teléfono móvil?
Do you have change?

Tiene tu cambio/cencillo?
Can l pay with credit card?

Puede paga con tarjeta de crédito/credit card?
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Do you accept credit card?
Ta acepta ustedes tarjeta de crédito?
Can I ask for a discount?

Puede yo pidi descuento?
At a restaurant
I would like to make a reservation.

Hace yo un reservacion.
Could I see the menu?

Puede yo mira con el menu?
What do you want to eat?

Cosa tu quiere come?
I'm craving for chilli con carne.

Quiere yo come chilli con carne.
I prefer shrimp and fried chicken.

Ta preferí yo gambas y manok frito.
Is there beefsteak?
Tiene filete de ternera?
What dessert do you want?

Cosa postre tu quiere?
I want chocolate cake.

Quiere yo tarta de chocolate.
How much is the total?

Cuánto el total/todo?
Where is the comfort room?

Donde el baño?
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ALFABETO CHAVACANO
Chavacano Alphabet
The Chavacano Alphabet or Abecedario consists of twenty-nine (29) letters. Each letter
represents a single sound. The Chavacano adopts the letter names of English.
Example:
Mi nombre Juan Dela Cruz. Como jay-yu-a-en-di-e-el-a-si-ar-yu-zi
LETTER NAME LETTER NAME LETER NAME
A a J jay R ar
B bi K kei S es
C si L el T ti
D di M em U yu
E e N en V vi
F ef Ñ eñe W double u
G ji O ow X eks
H eich P pi Y y
I i Q kyoo Z zi
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PRONUNCIACION
Pronunciation
The Chavacano vowels comprise the following five vowels: a, e, i, o, u. Words are pronounced
as they are spelled.
a like the a in art Examples: adelante, ahora, antes, ansina

e like the e in egg Examples: ele, electrico, elepante, entero,
i like the i in internet Examples: incredible, inteligente, irritao, isla
o like the o in order Examples: obedece, objeto, oportunidad, olor
u like the u in pull Examples: ultimo, ultraja, una, unico
Some Chavacano consonants which differ in pronunciation from English are:
b and v have identical sounds in Chavacano. Both sound like b in basket.
Ex. Viernes (Biernes)
c has two sounds:
1. S sound when followed by e or i.

Ex. gracias, centro, ciento
2. K sound when followed by other letters.

Ex. casa, cosa, cuanto, corto
ch is considered a single consonant and sounds like the ch in Church.
Ex. cochina, chico, chonggo, leche, lechon
g has two sounds:
1. H sound when followed by e or i.

Ex. gente, generoso, gigante
2. g sound when followed by other letters.

Ex. grande, gordo, guerrero
h has two aspects:
1. It is silent when words are Spanish derivation.

Ex. hermano, hombre, hondo, huevos
2. H sound when words are non-Spanish derivation.
Ex. hende, hila, hinay
j is H sound.
Ex. Jabon, Jalon, Joven
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Il sounds like LY.
Ex. calle (kalye) llama (lyama)
ñ sounds like the gn in Lasagna.
Ex. señor, niño, señorita
q sounds like the K.
Ex. quebra, queda, quema
r is trilled more prominently when found in the beginning of a word and when doubled. Ex. roto,
terrible, rompe
x has variety of sounds:
1. Like S when found before a consonant:

Ex. extender (estender), exclamar (esclamar)
2. Like Ks combination:
Ex. examen (eksamen), exacto (eksacto), excepto (eksepto)
3. Like j:
Ex. Roxas (Rojas), Mexico (Mejico)
Z has two sounds
1. Like S sound for Spanish derivation:

Ex. diez, zapatos,
2. Z sound for non-Spanish derivation:
Ex. Zamboanga
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Test yourself
Pronounce the following words correctly:
bendición, beneficio, beso, bicicleta hablar, helado, hondo, hilo

vaca, vacación, vacante, vacío llora, llamar, llenar, Iluvia
canta, come, corre, caballero caña, cuña, piña, uñas

centro, cielo, ciento, ceniza quebra, queda, quema, querido
chavacano, chaleco, chamba, chica arranca, guerra, torre, perro
genero, generación, general exclamar, exacto, excepto

gordo, grueso, gallera, ganar zapatos, zona, zumo, paz
16
CONTA KITA!
Let’s count!
Numbers can be cardinal or nominal. Study the following numbers in Chavacano.
1. uno - one 30. treinta - thirty

2. dos - two 31. treinta y uno - thirty one
3. tres - three 40. cuarenta - fourty
4. cuatro - four 50. cincuenta - fifty
5. cinco - five 60. sesenta - sixty
6. sais - six 70. setenta - seventy
7. siete - seven 80. ochenta - eighty
8. ocho - eight 90. noventa - ninety
9. nueve - nine 100. ciento - one hundred
10. diez - ten 101. ciento uno - one hundred one
11. once - eleven 200. doscientos - two hundred
12. doce - twelve 500. quinientos - five hundred
13. trece - thirteen 700. sietecientos - seven hundred
14. catorce - fourteen 900. Nuevecientos - nine hundred
15. quince - fifteen 1000. un mil - one thousand
16. dicisais - sixteen 2000. dos mil - two thousand
17. dicisiete - seventeen 1,000,000. un millón - one millón
18. diciocho - eighteen 2,000,000. dos millones - dos millones
19. dicinueve - nineteen
20. veinte - twenty
21. veinte-uno - twenty one
Note: Some Spanish numbers have already undergone phonological (pronunciation) change
which affected their spelling. Here are the examples:
chavacano Spanish
sais Seis
dicinueve Dieciseis
veinteuno Veintiuno
sietecientos Setecientos
nuevecientos Novecientos
Ordinal numbers are used to describe the rank, order, or position of something. The prefix /ika/
or /aca/, which is originally from Tagalog and Visayan, is affixed to Spanish numbers to form
ordinal numbers, non-descriptive or limiting adjectives. However, some Spanish ordinal numbers
are retained.
Ordinals Translation
primero/una First
segundo/ika-dos Second
ika-tres Third
ika-veinte twentieth
ika-setenta Seventieth
17
Test yourself
Recite the following numbers in Chavacano.
1. 15
2. 25
3. 37
4. 187
5. 514
6. 777
7. 1,366
8. 25,991
9. 110,043
10. 1,401,072
18
MAGA PARTE DEL CUERPO
Parts of the Body
Familiarize the parts of the human body.
External Parts
cabeza – head cadera – hips

boca – mouth cintura – waist
cara – face codo – elbow
cejas – eyebrow pescuezo – neck
dientes – teeth dedos – fingers
frente – forehead hombros – shoulders
garganta – throat manos – hands
labio – lips muslo – thighs
lengua – tongue nalgas – buttocks
nariz – nose pecho – chest
ojos – eyes piernas – legs
orejas – ears rodilla – knees
parpados – eyelids pies – feet
pelo – hair pellejo – skin
pestaña – eyelash
barriga – abdomen
brazo – arms
Internal Organ
utuk – brain
corazón – heart
tripa / intestino – intestine
higado – liver
pulmon – lungs
bukug – bone
medula espinal – spinal cord
sangre – blood
vena – vein
ovario – ovary
garganta – throat
19
MAGA COLORES
Colors
Familiarize the meaning of the following colors in Spanish.
yellow - amarillo white - blanco

blue - azul green - verde
black - negro red - colorao
brown - brown sky blue - azul celeste
gray - gray orange - orange
violet - violeta pink - rosa, pink
Note: Colors brown, gray, orange and pink are borrowed from English. These colors are
generally used by the speakers.
20
MAGA ARTICULO
Articles
Articles are used to determine a noun. It precedes the noun to indicate number or to determine a
particular noun.
There are two types of article:
1. Definite Article indicates a particular object. The Chavacano definite article is ‘el’. Its
equivalent is ‘the’ in English. To pluralize it, ‘maga’, ‘mga’, or ‘mana’ is added. However,
‘mana’ is not common. In some cases, ‘el’ is omitted when the noun it modifies is plural.
Example: Ma-sucio el ropa.

“The shirt is dirty.”
Ma-sucio el maga ropa.

“The shirts are dirty.”
Pronouns are also inserted in between the article and the noun. This is because the
components of the sentence can be placed anywhere. Hence, do not be confused with
this structure. The article modifies the noun, not the pronoun. However, not all structures
are acceptable.
Example: Blanco el diamon casa.

“Our house is white.”
The preposition ‘con’, which means ‘with’, is sometimes placed before ’el’. Its function is
an object or accusative marker.
Example: Ya mira yo con el raton abajo mesa.

“I saw the rat under the table.”
The Spanish feminine articles ‘la’ and the plural form ‘las’ are not generally used in
Chavacano. They are, however, used occasionally or purposefully in some cases like ‘la
virgen del pillar’, ‘las islas de Sta. Cruz’, ‘la hermosa festival’, ‘la ciudad de Zamboanga’.
Definite Articles Example
el el perro, el gato, el baño, el barco
1. Ta ladra el perro del diamon vecinos.

“The dog of our neighbor is barking.”
2. Ta limpia yo el diamon casa.
“I clean the house of ours.” (informal)
“I clean our house.” (pragmatics)
el maga, el maga perro, el maga gato, elm maga baño, los barco
el mga,
el mana Tan pelyahan el maga perro afuera.
“The dogs are fighting outside.”
Tan pelyahan maga perro afuera.

“The dogs are fighting outside.”
21
2. Indefinite Article is used to introduce a noun or noun phrase. It does not point out a
particular person, place or thing. The Chavacano indefinite article is ‘un’. Its equivalent is
‘a’ or ‘an’ in English.
The article ‘un’ is used for every noun in singular form. When the noun is plural in form,
‘maga’ is used. In some cases, the indefinite article is not existent.
Indefinite Example
Articles
un un abodao, un maestra, un manzanas, un palabra
Mi nana un maestra.
“My mother is a teacher.”
Mi tata carpintero.
“My father is a carpenter.”
Compra yo guitara.
“I will buy a guitar.”
Note: In some cases, the definite article ‘el’ and the indefinite article ‘un’ are combined. Its function
is still definite. The ‘un’ only emphasized the grammatical number of the noun. It is replaced with
‘maga’ when the noun is plural.
Example: Ya pidi toma agua el un extranjero na diamon casa.

“The stranger asked for a drink in our house.”
Ta baña el maga bata na rio.

“The children are bathing in the river.”
22
Test yourself
A. Fill in the blanks with the appropriate articles.
1. Tiene kame ________ casa pequeña/diutay.

(We have a small/little house.)
2. Bien guapo _________ hijo.
(The child is very handsome.)
3. Tiene yo _________ reloj estaba na Estados Unidos.
(I have a watch from the United States.)
4. Vacio ________ pluma.
(The ballpen is empty.)
5. ________ calle de Divisoria ancho.
(The Divisoria road is wide.)
6. Ya dale comigo ________ lápiz mi amigo.
(My friend gave me a pencil.)
7. Dale comigo ________ pedaso de papel.
(Give me a piece of paper.)
8. Mi padre ta prepara con _______ cena.
(My father prepares the dinner.)
9. Ya compra yo _______ fruta bien dulce.
(I bought a very sweet fruit.)
10. Ta limpia yo con ________ bicicleta.
(I clean the bicycle.)
11. Facil lang _______ lección.
(The lesson is just easy.)
12. ¿Donde ________ Iglesia Católica?
(Where is the Catholic Church?)
13. Ya recibi yo _________ regalo estaba de mi amigo.
(I received a gift from my friend.)
14. _________ estudiante ya llega temprano.
(The students came early.)
15. Necesita yo compra _________ coche nuevo.
(I have to buy the new car.)
16. Ma-sucio ________ baño publico.
(The public comfort rooms are dirty.)
17. Tiene tu _________ pedaso de papel?
(Do you have a piece of paper?)
18. Si Jose tiene _______ bonito camisa.
(Jose has a beautiful shirt.)
19. __________ Cebuano mi amigo.
(My friend is a Cebuano.)
20. Ya come yo ________ huevos laga enantes aga.
(I ate a boiled egg this morning.)
23
MAGA SUSTANTIVO/NOMBRE
Nouns
Nouns are names of person, place, things, event, and animals. Chavacano is particular in the
gender form of the person except for non-Spanish derivation (e.g. anak, tata, nana, bata, etc.). It
is not also particular of the gender form of the animals. For the Spanish-based, the gender form
is determined by its ending letter or letters.
Masculine - ‘o’, ’or’

Feminine - ‘a’
Here are some examples:
Noun Translation Sample Sentence
abogao lawyer Ya planta caso el un abogao

contra con el un pulis.
abogada
“The lawyer filed a case
against the policemen.”
abuelo grandfather Mi abuelo y abuela quire-

quiere come papaya.
abuela grandmother
“My grandfather and
grandmother loves to eat
papaya.”
gallo rooster Tan peleahan el gallo y

gallena.
galena hen
“The rooster and the hen are
fighting.”
hermano brother Mi hermano y hermana casao

ya.
hermana sister
“My brother and sister are
married already.”
viudo widower Ya ama el un viudo con el un

viuda.
viuda widow
“The widower has fallen in
love with the widow.”
TAKE NOTE:
In Spanish, the feminine form of ‘perro’ (dog) is ‘perra’ and ‘gato’ is ‘gata’. In Chavacano, perro
and gato are either masculine or feminine. In Chavacano, the adjective ‘mujer’ or ‘hombre’ is
added (e.g El perro mujer) to emphasize their gender.
Just like in English, Spanish follows also the rule in singularity and plurality. Hence, to pluralize
the word, the bound morpheme /s/ or /es/ is added (e.g. perros, vacas, platos, etc.). In Chavacano,
this rule is not followed. In Chavacano, words in plural form like ‘manzanas’, ‘zapatos’, ‘pies’, are
either singular or plural in meaning. To emphasize the plurality of the word, ‘maga’, ‘mga’ or ‘mana’
is used as a plural marker and uno for singular.
Thus, we do not say zapato, when we refer to one shoe only; uña when we refer to one
nail/fingernail only; or ojo when we refer to an eye only. In most cases, zapatos, uñas, and ojos
(and others) function as singular or plural depending on the context or situation.
24
Example: Donde ya el mio uno zapatos?
“Where is the other pair of my shoe?”
Duele mi uñas?
“My nail is aching?”
Lexical Variations
Philippines languages such as Tagalog, Visayan, Hiligaynon among others have also contributed
to the development of Chavacano. Some Spanish-based words have undergone semantic
evolution or change in meaning. For example, the word ‘almuerzo’ in Chavacano means
‘breakfast’ while in Spanish, it means ‘lunch’. Hence, Chavacano does not have a term for ‘lunch’.
Generally, lunch is ‘medio dia’.
Example: No hay pa yo come medio dia.

“I have not eaten lunch yet.”
Here are some lexical differences between Chavacano and Spanish.
ENGLISH SPANISH CHAVACANO
armpit - sobaco - sobaco

- kepet
My armpit is itchy. Mi sobaco es picazón. Bien rasca mi sobaco/kepet.
basin - batea - palanggana (Common)

- batea (Uncommon)
Where is the basin? ¿Dónde esta la batea? Dónde el batea?

Dónde ya el batea?
(Demanding)
bee - abeja - bubuyug
The bee is very small. La abeja es muy pequeña. El bubuyug bien diutay.
boat - barco - barko

- vinta
- bangka
The small boat is very quick. El pequeño barco es muy Bien corre gayod el bangka.
rápido.
breakfast - desayuno - almuerzo
I did not eat breakfast. Yo no desayunė. No hay yo almuerza.
chair - silla - silla (Uncommon)

- banko (Common)
Grab a chair. Toma una silla. Sinta na banko.
chicken (General term) - pollo - manok
I prefer fried chicken. Prefierio pollo frito. Ta preferi yo manok frito.
dipper - cazo - tabo
Hand me the dipper. Me das el cazo. Alcanza conmigo el tabo.
enemy - enemigo - contrallo
I don’t have an enemy. No tengo enemigo. No hay yo contrallo.
fish - pez - pescao
The fish is not fresh. El pescado no es fresco. Hende fresco el pescao.
25
friend - amigo - amigo
- barkada
My friend is tall. Mi amigo es alto. Alto mi amigo.
knee - rodilla - rodila (not common)

- tuhod (common)
My knee is aching. Me duele la rodilla. Duele mi rodilla/tuhod.
lunch - almuerzo - medio dia
Have you taken your lunch ¿Ya has tomado tu Ya come ya tu medio dia?
yet? almuerzo?
money - dinero - cen
I have no money. No tengo dinero. No hay yo cen.
today - hoy - este dia
This is the menu for today. Este es el menú para hoy. Este el menú para de este día.
rice - arroz - arroz

- kanun (cooked)
- morisqueta (very
uncommon)
I want to eat two cups of rice. Quero comer dos tazas de Quiere yo come dos taza de
arroz. kanun.
vegetable - verdure - gulay
Mi favorito verdura es Amargoso mi favorito gulay. Mi

My favourite vegetable is calabaza amarga. favorito gulay amo el
bitter gourd. amargoso.
viand - vianda - ulam (common)

- vianda (uncommon)
The viand is delicious. La vianda es sabroso. Sabroso el ulam.
Lista de sustantivo o nombre

abanico - fan camino - way, path
abogao - lawyer cielo - sky
aborto - abortion cirujano - surgeon
abundancia - plenty cuaderno - notebook
baile- dance cuerpo - body
bala- bullet daño - damage,harm
balde- bucket, pail decano - dean
ballena- whale dimisión - resignation
bañera- tub ducha - shower
baño - bathroom,toilet eco - echo
barbilla - barb edificio - building
belleza - beauty farmacia - pharmacy, drugstore
beso - kiss farola - lamppost, streetlight
bistec - beefsteak fe - faith, trust
bizcocho - biscuit ficha - chip
blusa - blouse, shirt gafas - glasses
cacao - cocoa gente - people
café - coffee ginebra - gin
cajón - box guía - guide
26
Test yourself:
Underline the noun/s in the following sentences.
1. El nombre de mi hermana Liza.

(My sister is Liza or The name of my sister is Liza.)
2. Ta queda yo na calle San Jose.
(I live in San Jose road.)
3. El diamon Profesora de Manicahan.
(Our teacher is from Manicahan.)
4. Un animal fiel el perro.
(The dog is a faithful animal.)
5. El maga leccion de Chavacano alegre.
(Chavacano lessons are fun.)
6. Maga jóvenes quiere aprende toca guitarra.
(The young people want to learn how to play guitar.)
7. Hende ta anda mi reloj.
(My watch does not function well.)
8. De cuanto el calabaza colorao?
(How much is the red squash?)
9. Bien bale el ciudad de Zamboanga.
(Zamboanga City is really great.)
10. De mi primo ese casa grande/grande casa.
(That big house is of my cousin.)
44
MAGA PRONOMBRE
Pronouns
Pronouns are words that are used as an alternative to a noun to avoid repetition. It also
functions as a determiner. It refers to the participants in the discourse or to someone or
something mentioned elsewhere in the discourse.
A. Personal/Subject Pronouns
Pronouns Sample Sentences Translation
yo I Estaba yo na KCC. I came from KCC.
uste (very formal) you

tu (formal) Anda tu na pueblo? Will you go downtown?
ka (informal/familiar)
vos (very informal)
*singular
ele he, she Un marino ele. He is a seafarer.

Ya gana ele na She won the competition.
competición.
kame (if the listener is we Hende kame/kita ta We do not eat that.

excluded) come ansina.
kita (if the listener is
included)
ustedes you Sabe ba vosotros ya Did you know that Mr.

vosotros muri ya si Ñor Ben? Bean has passed away?
kamo
*plural
sila they Sila mi maga primo. They are my cousins.
Note: The pronouns ‘ka’, ‘kame’, ‘kita’, and ‘sila’, are non-Spanish derivation. The ‘el’ (he) and
‘ella’ (she) of Spanish are ‘ele’ or ‘le’ in Chavacano. In addition, Spanish has only three second
person pronoun ‘you’ (i.e. tu, usted, vos) while Chavacano has four (i.e. tu, uste, ka, vos).
45
B. Object Pronouns
comigo me Dale comigo cen. Give me money.
contigo, con uste, con you Quiere yo contigo. I like you.

vo/s, con ikaw
*singular
con ele him, her Ya soña yo con ele. I dreamed about him/her.
kanamon (excluding the us Ya dale Ben gave us banana.

listener) kanamon/kanaton
kanaton (including the saging si Ben.
listener)
con ustedes, you Ya compra yo camarón I bought shrimp for you.

con vosotros para con vosotros.
kaninyo
*plural
kanila them Devolve se tabo kanila. Return that dipper to them.
C. Reflexive Pronouns
dimio mismo cuerpo, myself Ya habla yo na dimio I said to myself I will never
(yo) mismo mismo cuerpo nunca love him anymore.
ya yo con ele ama.
I myself will talk to your
Yo mismo ay teacher.
conversa dituyo
maestra.
dituyo mismo cuerpo, yourself Ama dituyo mismo Love yourself.

(tu) mismo cuerpo.
Disuyo mismo cuerpo, himself, Ele mismo ya habla He himself told me that you
(ele) mismo herself comigo cae ta puma smoke.
daw tu.
Diila mismo cuerpo, Themselves Sila mismo tan They themselves are
(sila) mismo peleahan. fighting.
De ustedes/vosotros yourselves Trabaja para de Work for yourselves.

mismo cuerpo, ustedes mismo
(ustedes/vosotros) cuerpo.
mismo
46
Diaton/diamon mismo Ourselves Dale tamen kita We will also give ourselves
cuerpo, tiempo na diaton time.
(Diaton/diamon) mismo mismo cuerpo.
Dale tamen kame

tiempo na diamon
mismo cuerpo.
D. Possessive Pronouns
mi my, Un relojero mio tata. My father is a watch

mio mine repairman.
dimio
tu, tuyo, dituyo, your, Dituyo bag igual de Your bag is the same with
(singular) yours Jose. Jose.
de ustedes, That food I prepared is

de vosotros (plural) De ustedes ese comida yours.
ya prepara yo.
disuyo his, her, Bien bale disuyo voces. His/her voice is so

hers beautiful.
diamon our, Diamon/diaton cusina Our kitchen is so dirty.

(if the listener is ours bien cochinadas.
excluded)
diaton
(if the listener is included)
diila their Diila lote ya compra el Their lot has been bought
govierno. by the government.
E. Demonstrative Pronouns
este this Dimio este toalla. This towel is mine.
47
ese (near) that Ese el dituyo toalla. That is your towel.
aquel (far) Aquel talla na banco That one on the chair is

el de Maria. of Maria.
estos these Estos maga jóvenes These young people are

bien alboroto. so noisy.
esos (near) Esos maga tambay Those bystanders are

those alboroto también. also noisy.
aquellos (far) Aquellos maga Those girls are quiet.

mujer silencio.
F. Indefinite Pronouns
masquin quien anybody, Masquin quien puede Anyone/anybody can go

anyone anda iglesia. to the church.
tiene gente, tiene somebody, Tiene gente afuera. Someone/somebody is

quien someone outside.
todo kita everybody, Todo kita ay despidi. Everyone/everybody/all

everyone, of us will pass away.
all
no hay ni uno, no no one, No hay ni uno el No one/nobody is liable.

hay quien nobody culpable.
cada uno each Cada uno necesita Each one should bring
lleva siembra. plant.
cosa something Tiene yo cosa para I have something for

contigo. you.
masquin cosa anything Tiene tu masquin Do you have anything?

cosa alli?
no hay cosa nothing, No hay yo cosa I have nothing.

none aqui.
48
Test Yourself
A. Replace the underlined words with personal pronoun.
________ 1. Guapo si Mario.

(Mario is handsome.)
________ 2. Man-hermano si Rafael y Raul.
(Rafael and Raul are brothers.)
________ 3. Amiga mio si Angela.
(Angela is my friend.)
________ 4. Mi mayores de Visayas.
(My parents are from Visayas.)
________ 5. No hay aqui si Liza y Maria.
(Liza and Maria are not here.)
________ 6. Ta come Yo y si Juan arroz caldo.
(I and John eat rice stew.)
________ 7. Donde tú y dituyo amiga anda?
(Where will you go?)
________ 8. Anda tú, yo y diaton tata na tiangge.
(We will go to the market.)
________ 9. Ya cocina mio nana para almuerzo.
(My mother cooks for breakfast.)
________ 10. Donde tú y yo anda?
(Where are we going?)
B. Change the underlined words into possessive pronouns.

11. Ese el _____ libro.
(That is your book.)
12. ___________ hermana alta.
(My sister is tall.)
13. Este el _____________ pluma/bolpen.
(This is his ballpen.)
14. Estos _________ cosas.
(These are your things.)
15. __________ maga mayores de Manila.
(Our parents are from Manila.)
16. Aquel el de mi casa, este el ________.
(That is my house, this is yours.)
17. _______________ maga hermano no ha aquí.
(Your brothers are not here.)
18. Hende este _______ maga libro?
(Aren’t these your books?)
19. ______________ maga amigo bueno.
(Your friends are good.)
20. _____________ novia de Sibugay.
(His girlfriend is from Sibugay.)
49
Test yourself!
A. Translate the following sentences into Chavacano.
21. This is my notebook.

_______________________________________.
22. The name of that boat is ROSA.

_______________________________________.
23. These are my friends.

_______________________________________.
24. They are my parents.

_______________________________________.
25. Where is my ballpen?

_______________________________________.
26. Those are my shoes.

_______________________________________.
27. Those are my neighbors.

_______________________________________.
28. That is an electric fan.

_______________________________________.
29. That is a table.

_______________________________________.
30. This is my school.

_______________________________________.
50
MAGA ADJETIVO
Adjectives
Adjectives are used to describe, modify or determine a noun or pronoun.
1. Descriptive Adjectives may come before or after a noun (e.g. pantalon negro or negro
pantalon). Generally, it is placed before the noun because of the influence of the substrate
or Philippines languages. For example, the Tagalog phrase construction ‘pritong manok’
is constructed as an adjective-noun; hence, Chavacano, it is generally said as ‘frito
manok’.
Chavacano follows the same gender rule of Spanish when describing a person or an
animal except for adjectives bueno ‘good’ and muerto ‘dead’. Letter /o/ is used at the end
of the word to mark masculine words while letter /a/ for feminine words.
Example: Bien bonita ya man gayod tú.

“You have become very beautiful.”
Negro ya gayod si Carlito.

“Carlito has really become black.”
Bien bueno si Maria.

“Maria is very good.”
Viuda ya si Tia Caling.

“Auntie Caling is old.”
However, when describing non-living things, Chavacano doesn't follow the same. This
means that all non-living things are described using only the masculine form of the
adjective. The exception is when the Chavacano adjectives are non-Spanish derivation.
Example: Largo el mesa.

“The table is long.”
Alto el edificio.
“The building is tall.”
1.1. Spanish-based participial adjectives with the marking /do/ at the end of the word have
undergone phonological and orthographical change. Words like ‘aceptado’,
‘arrestado’, ‘acabado’, ‘amarado’, ‘casado’, ‘colorado’, ‘interesado’, ‘peinado’,
‘perdonado’, ‘serrado’ among others are usually spelled and pronounced as
‘acceptao’, ‘arrestao’, ‘acabao’, ‘amarao’, ‘casao’, ‘colorao’, ‘interesao’, ‘peinao’,
‘perdonao’, ‘serrao’ respectively.
51
Test Yourself!
Supply an appropriate adjective for each of the following sentence.
1. El maga flores violeta _________.

(The violet flowers are [beautiful, attractive, pleasant]).
2. De mi sobrino se mesa __________.

(The [small, white, long] table is my cousin’s.)
3. Dónde el papel ________?

(Where are the [yellow, white, dirty] papers?)
4. Aquellos maga bonita mujer _________.

(Those beautiful ladies are [noisy, quiet, tall].)
5. Mi hermana ____________ ta trabaja na un planta de Sardinas.

(My [elder, tall, small] sister works in a plant of Sardines.)
6. El hijo ________ ta queda abajo del puente.

(The [poor, rich, difficult] boy lives under the bridge.)
7. El hombre de familia tiene __________ trabajo.

(The man, who has a family, has a [tough, good, beautiful] job.)
8. El maga leccion de Chavacano ____________.

(Chavacano lessons are [beautiful, easy, interesting].)
9. El maga gulay de ojas _________.

(Leafy vegetables are [delicious, nutritious, bitter]).
10. El Zamboanga un ciudad _________.

(Zamboanga is a [beautiful, precious , big] city.)
11. El ________ mujer sabe compra na tienda.

(The [little, tall, beautiful] girl knows how to buy at the store.)
12. El Filipinas un lugar _________.

(The Philippines is a [beautiful, happy, peaceful] place.)
13. Si José un hombre ____________.

(Joseph is a [tall, humble, brave] man.)
14. El película acción de Jet Li ___________.

(The action movie of Jet Li is [boring, awesome, pleasant].)
15. El avocado maduro con leche bien _____________.

(The ripe avocado with milk is very [delicious, sweet, salty].)
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16. Ya compra comigo mio nana pantalon _____________.
(My mother brought me [black, blue, white] pants.)
17. El botella _________ talla na silla.

(The [full, tall, empty] bottle is on the chair.)
18. Ay compra yo un libro ____________.

(I will buy a/an [interesting, Chavacano, new] book.)
19. Dale comigo ________________ saging.

(Give me that [long, ripe, yellow] banna.)
20. Ese mujer _______________ amo si Señorita Patricia.

(That [beautiful, cute, fat] is Mrs. Patricia.)
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B. Adjectives in Comparative degree use ‘mas’ when comparing two nouns as being
different from each other.
Example: Mas alto si Juan con Pedro.

“John is taller than Peter.”
Mas caro el iPhone contra con el Samsung.

“iPhone is more expensive than Samsung.”
Mas rápido el conejo contra con el Tortuga.

“Rabbit is faster than Turtle.”
Mas sabroso el amargoso con huevos contra con el nangka gata.

“Bitter gourd with egg is more delicious than nangka gata.”
Mi pelo mas largo contra dituyo.

“My hair is longer than yours.”
C. Adjective in Superlative degree use ‘de con todo’ or the Tagalog and Visayan ‘pinaka’ to
describe one thing or person having more of a certain quality than all other things or people in
a group. In some cases, ‘mas’ is also used.
Example: Si Anita el de con todo flaca kanila.

“Anita is the thinnest among them.”
Si Jun-jun el pinaka guapo na clase.

“Jun-jun is the most handsome in the class.’
Mas bueno yo kaninyo todo.

“I am the best among all of you.”
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Test yourself
Translate the following sentences into Chavacano.
21. I am better than before.
___________________________________________.
22. My shirt is more colorful than yours.
___________________________________________.
23. She is more beautiful than Katrina.
___________________________________________.
24. I am taller than Ivan.
___________________________________________.
25. You are more attentive than before.
___________________________________________.
26. John is the smartest of all of them.
___________________________________________.
27. You are the most beautiful one.
___________________________________________.
28. Bulldog is the ugliest of all dogs.
___________________________________________.
29. Cheetah is the fastest animal on earth.
___________________________________________.
30. This table is the longest table in the room.
___________________________________________.
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MAGA VERBO
Verbs
Verbs are used to describe an action, state or occurrence.
1. Chavacano tense/time/aspect
Morphologically, Chavacano has no tenses because all the base form of the verbs is not
inflected. However, the meaning can be understood in context and may be categorized as
‘past’, ‘present’, and ‘future’. Each time has its own underlying aspects.
a. Present - the marker ‘ta’ Is used and placed before the verb. In some cases, the marker
‘tan’ is also used. The meaning whether the statement is simple present or present
progressive can be understood in context.
Example: Ta mira sila cine cada vez tiene nuevo pelicula.

“They watch movie every time there is new one.”
Ta quema basura si Elena.

“Elena is burning the garbage.”
Ta juga si Reynold agua.

“Reynold is playing the water.”
Tan luchahan el maga gato.

“The cats are fighting.”
Tan alegria lang kame aqui.

“We are just making fun here.”
Tan vira-vira ya el ventilador.

“The electric tan is already turning/spinning.
Tan cuento pa yo contigo.

“I am still talking to you.”
b. Past - the marker ‘ya’ is used and placed before the verb for simple past and past
perfect. In some cases, the marker ‘yan’ is also used. In a very rare case, ‘ya man’ is
used. Further, the marker ‘ta’ can be used for past progressive.
Example: Ya pasea sila na Paseo del Mar.

“They hanged out at Paseo del Mar.”
Ya mata ya con el puerco.
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“The pig was killed already.”
Yan mirahan kame ayer na KCC.

“We met each other yesterday at KCC.”
Yan sangre se disuyo nariz de aquel dia.

“His mouth bled the other day.”
Ya man suut el bata abajo sofá.

“The boy intercalated underneath the sofa.”
Ya come yo junto con Rommel na canteen ayer.

“I was eating with Rommel at the canteen yesterday.”
Ya estudia el maga bata para na diila examinación después

merienda.
“The kids had studied for the examination after eating snacks."
Note: Do not be confused with the other ‘ya’ after the verb in the sentence. It is an adverb
which
means 'already’.
In some cases, the marker 'ta' or ‘tan' can be used for past progressive.
Example: Ta sinta yo junto con Anita cuando tan temblor.

“I was sitting beside Anita when it was shaking.”
c. Future - the marker ‘ay’ or 'man' is used. In many cases, no marker is needed.
Example: Ay come yo mucho na cumpleaño de Ryan.

“I will eat a lot at the birthday party of Ryan."
Ay kanta kame na clase.

“We will sing in the class.”
Man compra yo luego para noche buena.

“I will buy (groceries or food) later for Christmas Eve.”
Man mirahan kame luego na pueblo.

“We will meet in town later.”
Compra yo nuevo zapatos mañana.

"I will buy new shoes tomorrow."
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Lava yo ropa luego.
“I will wash clothes later.”
Note: There are no past perfect and present perfect aspects in Chavacano. However, for
the Sake of language translation (e.g. English - Chavacano), the marker 'ya' can be used for
the present perfect.
Example: I have eaten durian already.

"Ya come ya yo durian.”
I have been given the opportunity to work in a government office.

"Ya dale comigo el oportunidad para trabaja na oficina de gobierno."
“I have brought viand for you."

Ya Ileva yo ulam pare contigo.
.
“I have eaten lunch only now.”
Ara lang yo ya come medio día.
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Test yourself
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate form of the verb. Consult the dictionary for the
translation of the verb.
1. __________ yo con el Dios todo el dia.

(I pray to God every day.)
2. _____________ ya yo contigo millón de veces no ama con ele.

(I have told you a million times not to love him.)
3. _________ pa yo.
(I am still eating.)
4. ___________ yo un carta de amor para con mi novia.

(I wrote a love letter for my girlfriend.)
5. ____________ kame na barrio de Canelar.

(I live in barangay Canelar.)
6. ____________ mi ropa ayer na juego de basketball.

(My shirt was torn yesterday at the basketball game.)
7. ____________ si Erica leche todo’l dia.

(Hazel drinks milk every day.)
8. _____________ mi tata na oficina de salud.

(My father works at the health center.)
9. ______________ yo adobo manok luego de noche para cena.

(I will cook chicken adobo tonight for dinner.)
10. ______________ kame dos de Ronie casa.

(Ronie and I will clean the house.)
11. _____________ el bata cuando ya sinti hambre.

(The baby cried when he/she felt hungry.)
12. No hay pa ________ medicina si Lola.

(Grandmother has not yet taken the medicine.)
13. ____________ lang yo jeep luego.

(I will just ride jeepney later.)
14. Ara lang yo ___________.

(I have just arrived.)
15. ___________ anay yo.
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(I will just pee.)
16. ____________ yo agua de aquel dia.

(I paid the water bill the other day.)
17. __________ daw si Jose mañana.

(Jose will talk to you tomorrow.)
(Joseph will see you tomorrow.)
18. ___________ yo guitarra.

(I play a guitar.)
19. ____________ na camino solo-solo el bata.

(The child crossed the street alone.)
20. ____________ yo café cada tarde.

(I drink coffee every afternoon.)
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2. Auxiliary Verbs
There are no ‘to be’ verbs (i.e. am , is, are) in Chavacano. They are always understood
or implied.
Example: Qué hora ya?

“What time is it?”
A la una y media del tarde.

“It is 1:30 in the afternoon.”
Nonito is handsome.
“Guapo si Nonito.”
Bien alto el edificio

“The building is very tall.”
Enfermo yo.
“I am sick.”
No hay sila aqui.

“They are not here.”
Que tal tu?

“How are you?”
Note: The marker ‘si’ is actually a determiner. Some speakers who have a very strong
Spanish influence use ‘es’ as a linking verb. In some cases, ‘amo’ is used as a linking verb.
Example: Agua es vida.

“Water is life.”
Mio nana amo si Angeles.

“My mother is Angeles.”
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3. Modal verbs are used to express probability, ability, obligation, prohibition, advice, etc.
Chavacano has only four types of modal verbs.
Modals English Equivalent Sample Sentences
baka, gaha, siguro might Baka atende yo misa.

“I might attend the mass.”
Anda gaha quel si papang na gallera.

“Father might go to the cockpit.”
Vene siguro si Noel aquí ahora.

“Noel might come here now.”
Puede may, can, could Puede ya tu toma coke.

“You can already drink coke.”
Puede usa con el baño?

“May I use the bathroom?”
debe, necesita should, must Debe/Necesita tu atende con el

casamiento.
“You should/must attend the wedding.”
Debe kita reza todo’l dia.

“We should/must pray every day.”
ay will Ay muri yo na rizas.

“I will die of laughing.”
or non-existent
Hace yo con ese acaba.
“I will finish that.”
Note: The modal ‘baka’, ‘gaha’, and ‘siguro’ may also mean ‘perhaps’, ‘maybe’, and other
expressions of probability. The modal ‘debe’ and ‘necesita’ may also mean ‘need’ or ‘have
to’.
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4. Voice is a linguistic device that languages use for the different constituents to function as
themes. Chavacano is believed to have only an active voice (Camins, 1999). However,
Eijansantos (2017) argues that it has two voices:
In the Active Voice, the subject functions as the theme and is most often the actor/doer or
agent of the action.
In the Passive Voice, the thing acted upon by the agent has been made the theme. The
agent is sometimes implied.
Active Passive
Ya limpia si Juan el casa. Ya limpia con el casa.

El casa ya limpia.
El hombre ya tirra con el perro. Ya tirra con el perro.
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MAGA ADVERBO
Adverbs
Adverbs are used to modify a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
1. Adverbs of time answer the question ‘when’:
Adverbs
ahora now Costa tu ta hace ahora?

“What do you do now?”
anteayer, the other day Ya paga yo luz de anteayer.

de otro dia, “I paid the electric bill the other day.”
de aquel dia
Ayer yesterday Ayer lang yo ya compra.

“I bought it only yesterday.”
Dayun right away, Despues sipilla, baña dayun.

immediately “After brushing your teeth, take a bath right
away.”
enante/s, a while ago Taqui quel ele endenantes.

endenantes “He/she was here a while ago.”
entonces, so, thus, therefore, Entonces, bonita ele.

poreso hence “Hence, she’s beautiful.”
este dia today Cosa el ulam para este dia?

“What is the viand for today?”
Luego later Habla lang luego si para aquí ya tu.

“Just tell me later if you’re coming here.”
nunca never Nunca yo ama con Tonyo.

“I will never love Tonyo.”
Pirmi always Pirmi kame ta pascea na boulevard.

“We always hang out at the boulevard.”
Siempre still Si Juanita Dela Crus siempre el barrio

Capitan de Vitali.
“Juanita Dela Cruz is still the barangay
Captain of Vitali.”
Temprano early Temprano kit aman tiangge.

“We’ll go to the market early”
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MAGA PREPOSICION
Prepositions
Prepositions, from the prefix pre which means before and the root word position, function as
connecting words and are usually found before a noun or a noun phrase.
Prepositions Sentence
abajo under, beneath, Esta kita abajo mesa si man temblor.

below “We will stay below the table if there is an
earthquake.”
acerca de about Man-cuento kita acerca de celebración de

Pascua.
“Let’s talk about the Christman party.”
afuera outside Ta juga el maga bata afuera de casa.

“The children are playing outside the house.”
antes de before Reza antes de come.

“Pray before you eat.”
ariba above, up Talla ya ariba el vulador.

“The kite is already up.”
cerca near Ta queda kame cerca na panntalan.

“We live near the seaport.”
con with, by, through, via Come kita pan con mantequilla.
“Let’s eat bread with margarine.”
To anda yo escuela con jeep.

“I go to school by jeepney.”
contra con against, versus Hace contra con el marejada.

“Go against the waves.”
desde, estaba from, since Si Juan desde ciudad Latino de Asia.

con “John is from Asia’s Latin city.”
Estaba con Maria ese regalo.

“That gift is/comes from Maria.”
Bien guapo gayod tu desde antes hasta ahora.

“You are very handsome ever since.”
despues after Sipilla diente despues de come.

“Brush your teeth after eating.”
despues de next to El tiend de pan locao después de estación de

gasolina.
“The bakery is located next to the gasoline
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station.”
detras, na detras behind Na detrás lang yo dituyo firmi.

“I am always behind you.”
drento, adrento Inside, underneath Ya entra el cocoracha adrentro de lata,

“The cockroach gets inside the can”
Drento dituyo camisa tiene istoria no hay

acabada.
“Underneath your clothes there are endless
stories.”
durante during Ya dale yo contigo el cen durante del miting.

“I gave you the money during the meeting.”
enfrente de/na in front of Ay espera yo contigo enfrente de KCC.

“I will wait for you in front of KCC.”
entre medio de, na between Ya para si Nonoy entre medio de Lito y Raul.
medio de “Nonoy stood up between Lito and Raul.”
hasta until Serao el tienda hasta luego denoche.

“The store is closed until this evening”
na in, on, at, to, into Ya anda na tienda si Kobi para compra tinapá.
“Kobi went to the store to buy sardine.”
Taqui yo ahora na canteen.

“I am at the canteen now.”
Pone el vaso na mesa.

“Place the glass on the table.”
na costao beside Ta sinta yo junto con Elena durante del

ceremonia.
“I was sitting beside Elena during the ceremony.”
na todo among El mio favorito na todo amo si Katrina.

“Katrina is my favorite among them.”
of de Anak esos sila de Junet.

“They are the children of Junet.”
para for Ya prepara yo comida solamente para contigo

“I prepared a food only for you.”
para na toward El maga pulis ya marcha para na Plaza Pershing.

“The policemen marched toward Plaza Pershing.”
sobre over Ya salita el gato sobre de pader.

“The cat jumped over the wall.”
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MAGA CONJUNCTION
Conjunctions
Conjunctions are words which are used to join words, phrases or clauses.
Here is the list of conjunctions in Chavacano:
Conjunctions Sentences
basta as long as Saca masquin con quien basta bueno.

"Get anybody as long as he/she is good."
cuando when No sabe ele cuando el viaje para España.

"She doesn't know when the trip to Spain is."
despues after Despues de man conosihan, ya casa sila.

"After meeting each other, they got married."
donde where No sabe yo donde anda.

"I do not know where to go."
hasta until No sabe yo cae con hambre yo hasta ya

pruba yo contigo.
"I did not know that I was starving until I
tasted you."
masquin, although, yet, Ya atende ele clase masquin enfermo.

masquen even though "He attended the class although he is sick."
mientras while He eats while he watches movies.
ni nor El perro ni el gato ya come con el carne na

mesa.
"Neither the dog nor the cat ate the meat on
the table."
o or Quiere tu café o jus?

"Do you want coffee or juice?"
por causa, porque, because, for Ya sinti yo duelo por causa con vos.
cae/kay "I was hurt because of you."
Si ta bora cosa el Dios na dituyo vida, ese

cae tiene Ele mas buen plano para contigo.
"When God erases something in your life, it's
because He has something better for you."
pero but, yet, Ya hace ele enbuenamente pero ya palla

however siempre.
"He did it carefully, but failed."
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poreso, entonces so El capitano ya explica el rason del atrasada,
entonces convensido el maga pasajero.
"The Captain explained the reason for the
delay, so the passengers were convinced."
que which Yan lata el maga lata que ta usa para

siembra.
"The can, which are used to plant, were
crushed."
quien who Si Jake, quien el presidente, ya muri.

“Jake, who is the President, died.”
y, pati and Quiere-quiere si Lino queso y pan.

“Lino loves cheese and bread.”
si if Si hace tu con este, hace yo con ese.

“If you do this, I will do that.”
si hende unless Si hende ay nace con el gente otra vez,

hende ele puede mira con el Rey de Dios.
“Unless a man be born again, he cannot see
the Kingdom of God.”
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Test Yourself
Fill in the blanks with the appropriate conjunctions and then translate the sentences into
Chavacano.
1. Joseph ____ John is present.

________________________________________________________.
2. He is handsome, _______ not appealing.

________________________________________________________.
3. He sang _____ I played guitar.

________________________________________________________.
4. I decided to leave _____ I know you are not coming.

________________________________________________________.
5. You can place that on the table ___ on the chair.

________________________________________________________.
6. I love singing __ dancing.

________________________________________________________.
7. Hende yo canta ________ tu canta.

________________________________________________________.
8. My life was not perfect _______ I met you

________________________________________________________.
9. He danced _____________ he is not a dancer.

________________________________________________________.
10. Yo ____________ si Carlito ya come diutyo chocolate na ref.

________________________________________________________.
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PREGUNTA Y CONTESTACION
Question and Answer
Study the following questions and answers below.
Maga Pregunta Contestacion
(Questions) (Answers)
Cosa dituyo nombre? Yo si Jose.
“What is your name?” (I am Jose)
Cuánto año ya tu? Veinte cinco año ya yo.

“How old are you?” “I am 25 years old.”
Dónde tú ta queda? Ta queda yo na barrio de Putik.

“Where do you live?” “I live in barangay Putik.”
De dónde tú? De Basilan yo.

(Where are you from?) “I’m from Basilan.”
Cuanto bilog ustedes man hermano y hermana? Tiene yo dos mio hermano y uno hermano.
“How many brothers and sisters do you have?” “I have 2 brothers and 1 sister.”
Yo el unico hijo/hija na familia.

“I’m the only son/daughter in the family.”
Cosa dituyo favorito postre? Mi favorito postre halo-halo.

“What is your favorite dessert” “My favorite dessert is chocolate cake.”
Cuál dituyo favorito vianda? Mi favorito vianda caldo vaca.

“What is your favorite viand?” “My favorite viand is beef stew.”
Dónde tu ta estudia? Ta estudia yo na Universidad de Ateneo de Zamboanga.

“Where do you study?” “I am studying at Ateneo de Zamboanga University.”
Cosa dituyo curso? El curso que ta saca yo amo el Bachiller de Ciencia na

“What is your course?” Administracion de Negocio.
“The course that I am taking is Bachelor of Science in Business
Asministration?”
Cosa dituyo pasatiempo? Mi pasatiempo ta toca quitarra.

“What is your hobby?” “My hobby is playing guitar.”
Cuando contigo ya nace? o Mi cumpleaño na mes de Diciembre fecha ocho, año mil
Cunado dituyo cumpleaño? novecientos noventa y uno.
“When is your birthday?” “I was born on December 8, 1991.”
Qué hora ya? A las ocho y media del agá.
“What time is it?” “It’s 8:30 in the morning.”
Cosa dituyo estado civil? Soltero/ casao/ separtao/ viudo yo.

“What is your civil status?” “I am single/ married/ separated/ widower.”
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ESTRACTURA DE FRASE
Sentence Structure
As Crowley (1997) hypothesized, the superstrate essentially contributes to the vocabulary of a creole while the
grammar is influenced by its substrate. This is evident in the syntactic system of Zamboanga Chavacano. The
structures of Chavacano are greatly influenced by the architecture of convention of the Philippine languages.
Many Philippine languages share the same structure with Chavacano. However, Chavacano is extremely versatile
or dynamic in terms of its sentence structure because the components of the sentence can be interchangeable
without breaking any grammatical rules. It is inevitable to deviate from the fact the language grows and changes
over time. The sub-structures are typically used when the beginning component in the sentence is emphasized.
1. Verb-Subject Structure
In this structure, the order of placement of the subject and the verb in the sentence are
interchangeable. The structure can be SV or VS regardless on whether the subject or the verb is
emphasized. Typically, this structure is used when describing an event or an act even without the need
to determine the object, as seen in examples (1).
(1) a. Verb-Subject
Ta juga el mujer.
PRS-POG-play the girl
“The girl is playing.”
b. Subject-Verb
El mujer ta juga.
The girl PRS-POG-play
“The girl is playing.”
2. Verb-Subject-Object Structure.
This structure can be stated in six varieties as seen in the examples (2). However, the depends on
what the speaker is trying to emphasize. In the actual conversation, the variations VOS, VSO, OSV and
OVS Structures are also used in response to a question, emphasizing the beginning component of the
sentence.
(2) a. Verb-Object-Subject
Ta Toma agua el hombre.
PRS-PROG-drink water the man
“The man is drinking water.”
b. Verb-Subject-Object
Ta Toma el hombre agua.
PRS-PROG-drink the man water
c. Subject-Verb-Object
El hombre Ta toma agua.
The man PRS-PROG-drink water.
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d. Subject-Object-Verb
El hombre agua ta toma.

The man water PRS-PROG-drink
e. Object-Subject-Verb
Agua el hombre ta toma

Water the man PRS-PROG-drink
F. Object-Verb-Subject
Agua ta toma el hombre

water PRS-PROG-drink the man
3. Verb-Subject-Indirect Object-Direct Object Structure

This structure can be expressed in three orders, as seen in the examples below. It can be VsOO.
VSOO, or O,SVO. In structures (3a) and (3b), the component is placed in the median position when it is
what the speaker emphasizes. In structure (3c). the type of structure is typically used when the O, is
emphasized which is basically a response to a question Cosa tu dale dituyo nana? What will you give
to your mother?
(3) a. Verb-Subject-Indirect Object-Direct Object
Dale yo mio nana flores

give I my mother flower
“I will give my mother a flower”
b. Verb-Subject-Direct Object- Indirect Object
Dale yo flores mio nana

give I flower my mother
c. Direct Object-Subject-Verb-Indirect Object
Flores yo dale mio nana

flower I give my mother
4. Verb-Object-Object Complement-Subject Structure

Surprisingly, there are twenty four ways in which this structure can be expressed or said in Chavacano
However, the structures where the verb is placed in the beginning of the sentence are generally used
when describing an act or event while the object and objective complement can be placed anywhere
without changing the meaning. It can also be used in response to a question: e.g. Cosa el hombre ta
hace na casa de Tia Anita? What is the man doing at the house of Aunt Anita? In addition, the structures
where the Obiect is placed in the beginning are generally used
72
Further, the structures where the Object Complement is placed in the beginning are
generally used in response to a question, e.g. 'Donde el hombre ta toma aggua?' 'Where is
the man drinking water?". Conversationally, the response can just be 'Na casa de Tia Anita."
At the house of Aunt Anita’.
(4) a. Verb-Object-Object Complement-Subject
Ta toma agua na casa de Tia Anita el hombre.

drink water at house of Aunt Anita the man.
“The man drinks water at the house of Aunt Anita.”
b. Verb-Object-Subject- Object Complement
Ta toma agua el hombre na casa de Tia Anita.

drink water the man at house of Aunt Anita.
"The man drinks water at the house of Aunt Anita."
c. Verb-Object Complement-Object-Subject
Ta toma na casa de Tia Anita agua el hombre.

drink at house of Aunt Anita water the man.
d. Verb-Object Complement-Subject-Object
Ta toma na casa de Tia Anita el hombre agua.

drink at house of Aunt Anita the man water.
e. Verb-Subject- Object Complement-Object
Ta toma el hombre na casa de Tia Anita agua.

drink the man at house of Aunt Anita water.
f. Verb-Subject-Object-Object Complement
Ta toma el hombre agua na casa de Tia Anita.

drink the man water at house of Aunt Anita.
g. Subject-Verb-Object Object Complement
El hombre ta toma agua na casa de Tia Anita.

The man drink water at house of Aunt Anita.
h. Subject-Verb- Object Complement-Object
El hombre ta toma na casa de Tia Anita agua.

The man drink at house of Aunt Anita water.
i. Subject Object Vorb Object Complomant
El hombre agua ta toma na casa de Tia Anita.

The man water drink at house of Aunt Anita.
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j. Subject-Object-Object Complement-Verb
El hombre agua na casa de Tia Anita ta toma.
The man water at house of Aunt Anita drink
k. Subject-Object Complement-Verb-Object
El hombre na casa de Tia Anita ta toma agua.
the man at house of Aunt Anita drink water
l. Subject-Object Complement-Object-Verb
El hombre na casa de Tia Anita agua ta toma.
the man at house of Aunt Anita water drink
m. Object-Object Complement-Subject-Verb
agua na casa de Tia Anita El hombre ta toma.
water at house of Aunt Anita the man drink
n. Object-Object Complement-Verb-Subject
agua na casa de Tia Anita ta toma El hombre.
water at house of Aunt Anita drink the man
o. Object-Verb-Object Complement-Subject
agua ta toma na casa de Tia Anita El hombre.
water drink at house of Aunt Anita the man
“The man drinks water at the house of Aunt Anita”
p. Object-Verb-Subject-Object Complement
agua ta toma El hombre na casa de Tia Anita.
water drink the man at house of Aunt Anita
q. Object-Subject-Object Complement-Verb
agua El hombre na casa de Tia Anita ta toma.
water the man at house of Aunt Anita drink
r. Object-Subject-Verb-Object Complement
agua El hombre ta toma na casa de Tia Anita.
water the man drink at house of Aunt Anita
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s. Object Complement-Subject-Verb-Object
Na casa de Tia Anita of hombre to toma agua.

at house of Aunt Anita the man drink water
“The man drinks water at the house of Aunt Anita
t. Object Complement-Subject-Object-Verb
Na casa de Tia Anita el hombre agua to toma.

at house of Aunt Anita the man water drink
u. Object Complement-Object-Verb-Subject
Na casa de Tia Anita agua ta toma el hombre.
at house of Aunt Anita water drink the man
v. Object Complement-Object-Subject-Verb
Na casa de Tia Anita agua el hombre ta toma.
at house of Aunt Anita water the man drink
w. Object Complement-Verb-Subject-Object
Na casa de Tia Anita ta toma el hombre agua.
at house of Aunt Anita drink the man
water.
x. Object Complement-Verb-Object-Subject
Na casa de Tia Anita to toma agua el hombre.
at house of Aunt Anita drink water the man
5. Verb -Subject-Adverbial Phrase Structure

This structure can be said in six varieties. The components can be placed in the beginning.
middle or and without changing the meaning of the sentence. Typically, the structures (5a) and (5b)
are used by the speakers. Other structures are used when the beginning component is emphasized.
Generally, the adverbial phrase is placed in the beginning in response to a question: e.g. “Donde ya
anda sI Juan? "Where did John go?”. Pragmatically, the response can just be: “Na tiangge." “At the
market:
(5)a. Verb -Subiect-Adverbial Phrase

Yo anda si Juan na tiangge.
went DET.John at market
“John went to the market”
b. Verb-Adverbial Phrase- Subject

Ya anda na tiangge si Juan.
went at market DET.John
“John went to the market.”
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c. Subject-Verb-Adverbial Phrase
Si Juan ya anda na tiangge.

DET. John went to market.
“John went to the market.”
d. Subject-Adverbial Phrase-Verb
Si Juan na tiangge ya anda.

DET.John at market went
e. Adverbial Phrase-Subject-Verb
Na tiangge si Juan ya anda.

at market DET.John went
f. Adverbial Phrase-Verb-Subject
Na tiangge ya anda si Juan

at market went DET.John
6. Adverbial-Subject
This structure can be expressed in two ways, i.e. SA or AS. Typically, the emphasis of this
structure is on the adverbial component, regardless of its position.
(6) a. Adverbial-Subject
Enfrete de cementerio diamun casa.
In front of cemetery our house
“Our house is in front of the cemetery.”
b. Subject-Adverbial
Diamun casa en frente de cementeryo.

In front house in front of cemetery.
“Our house is in front of the cemetery.”
7. Adverbial-Verb-Subject Structure
This structure can be stated in four ways. In this case, the adverbial is generally placed in the
beginning of the sentence. The structures in (7a) and (7b) are generally used when describing an act. The
other structures are used when the beginning component is emphasized.
(7) a. Adverbial-Verb-Subject
Pronto ta corre si Harold.

quickly runs DET.Harold
“Harold runs quickly.”
b. Adverbial-Subject-Verb
Pronto si Harold ta corre.

quickly DET.Harold runs
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c. Subject-Verb-Adverb
Si Harold ta corre pronto.
DET.Harold runs quickly.
d. Subject-Adverb-Verb
Si Harold pronto ta corre.
DET.Harold quickly runs
8. Adverbial-Subject Complement-Subject Structure

This structure can be stated in three varieties. Typically, the adverbial is the emphasis of the
sentence regardless of its position. When the subject is preceded with demonstrative pronoun
(e.g. that) in structure (8c), the structure is used as a response to a question: e.g.’Di quien
este cuaderno?’ “Whose notebook is this?’. The response is typically ‘De Henry ese cuaderno
na silla.’ ‘That notebook on the table is of Henry.’
(8) a. Adverbial, Subject Complement-Subject
Na silla de Henry Cuaderno.
on table of Henry notebook
“The notebook of Henry is on the table.”
b. Subject-Subject Complement-Adevrbial
El cuaderno de Henry na silla.
The notebook of Henry on table
c. subject Complement-Subject-Adverbial
De Henry cuaderno na silla.
of Henry notebook on table
9. Adverbial-Subject Complement—Subject Structure

The are two ways in which this structure can be expressed or said in ZC. The beginning
component is usually the emphasis of the sentence.
(9) a. Adverbial-Subject Complement-Verb-Subject
Bien pillo si Juan.
very naughty DET.John
“John is very naughty.”
b. Subject-Verb-Adverbial-Subject Complement
Si Juan bien pillo.
DET.John very naughty.
“John is very naughty.”
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10. Subject-Verb-Noun Structure
This Structure can be expressed in two varieties. The subject can be placed in the beginning, or end
without changing the meaning of the sentence. However, the ‘to be’ verbs (i.e. am, is, are) are implied.
Note that when the noun is placed in the beginning of the sentence, article is not needed while article
the is used when the subject is placed in the beginning.
(10) a. Noun-Verb-subject
Tata se ele.
father that he.
“He is a father.”
b. Subject-Verb-Noun
Ele el tata.
He the father
“He is the Father”.
11. Subject-Verb-Subject Complement Structure
This structure can be stated in two ways. The subject can placed in the beginning or end without
changing the meaning of the sentence regardless of what is emphasized by the speaker.
(11) a. Subject-Verb-Subject Complement
Si Juan guapo
DET. John guapo
“John is handsome”.
b. Adjective-Subject
Guapo si Juan
handsome DET. John
“John is handsome”
12. Subject-Noun-Complement Structure
This Structure can be said in four ways. The subject noun, and complement can be placed in the
beginning, in the middle or end without changing the meaning of the sentence. Note that in structure or
examples (12a), (12b) and (12c), the verb is totally inexistent.
(12) a. Subject-Noun-Complement
Si Tio Roel el tata de Jose.

DET. Uncle Roel the father of Jose
“Uncle Roel is the father of Joseph.”
b. Subject-Noun-Complement
Si Tio Roel de Jose tata.

DET. Uncle Roel of Jose father
c. Complement-Noun-Subject
De Jose tata si Tio Roel.

of Jose father DET. Uncle Roel
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d. Noun-Complement-Verb-Subject
El tata de Jose si Tio Roel

The father of Jose DET. Uncle Roel
“The father of Joseph is Uncle Roel.”
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EXPRECCION IDIOMATICO
Idiomatic Expression
It is very difficult to translate idiomatic expressions into English. Thus, some idiomatic
expressions were translated word for word while others according to meaning in context.
Arroz Arroz – very serious
Juego juego lang kita, no hace arroz arroz el juego.

“It’s just a game. Don’t take it seriously.”
Arya – to drive someone away
Ya Arya conele de suyo nana cuando ya sabe cae ta man novio-novio.

“Her mother drove her away when the mover knew that she’s having a boyfriend.”
Balimbing – used to express disbelief
Juan: Man sungkit gayod yo el maga estrella para contigo

Travesa yo monte y aplaya para mira lang contigo.
“I will reach for the stars for you.
I will cross the mountain and sea just to see you.”
Juana: Bola-bola!
“Your egg.” or
“Talk to your egg.”
Bulao - out of one’s mind.
Bulao man gayod este si Juan. Pensa’y pensa con el novia.

“Juan is out of his mind. He always thinks of his girlfriend.”
Bungul vos – sed tot ell someone who ignores something
Bungul man gayod vo! Saca daw quell oh!

“You’re so deaf! Get that one!”
Cabrito – a person who does not (want to) take a bath.
Enante pa yo ya habla cae bana. Cabrito gaja este ele oh.

“I have already told you to take a bath. Maybe you are a goat.”
Caliente boca – used when something bad happened because someone said it.
Bien caliente boca man gayod vos! Ya perde ya lng yon a puestahan.
“You really have a hot mouth1 (Look) I lost in betting.”
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Cavana – used to say a couple or someone has just had a sex.
Yan cavana ya sila dos.
“They’re done having sex.”
Cencillo – something is just nothing in terms of monetary value; the amount is considered coins; break into pieces.
Libre tamen alli. Cencillo lang se contigo.
“You also treat us. It’s just nothing to you.”
Ya queda cencillo el motor por causa na accidente.
“The motorcycle broke into pieces because of the accident.”
Claro ya el Basilan – expression of certainty or of favorable conclusion especially when someone or a group is likely to win a
game.
Gana ya kita. Claro ya el Basilan.
“I can already see that we will win.”
Conviene – used to make someone realize that he/she did something bad and that he deserves it; good for you.
Conviene con vos! Ama con ele.
“You deserve it! Go and love him/her again.
Cuero – uncircumcised.
Si Leo cuero.
“Leo is uncircumcised.”
Cuchara malabao – gossiper.
Mio nana cuchara malabao.
“My mother is gossiper.”
Cupal – boastful; arrogant; conceited.
Quien aquel ele? Bien ma-cupal man aquel.
“Who is he/she? He/She is very arrogant.”
De alla alla – from a very far place.
Bien alboroto man gayod kamo. De alla alla siguro kamo.
“You are very noisy. You probably live in a very far place.”
De loco – foolish.
Juan: Mira kita Tom and Jerry…
“Let’s watch Tom and Jerry.”
Pedro: De Loco se.
“That’s Foolish.”
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Duele na orejas - irritable
Ta duele mi orejas cada vez le conversa,
"It's irritable every time he/she speaks."
Duro - brave; courageous

Ya habla ya no anda alla. Tampa duro man gayod. Conviene con vos
"I told you not to go there. You think you're brave. Good for you.
Evos ya - used to tell that someone acts like somebody.

Evos yal Cosa bo ta pensa comigo, no sabe?
"You already! What do you think of me. I don't know it?"
Grande tai - a rich or influential person,

Grande tai daw aquel quien ya muri alla oh.
"Accordingly, that man who passed away is influential/rich."
Grueso cara - shameless; without shame

Hinde gane aquel ele invitado pero talla na cumpleano de Juan. Grueso man aquel el cara,
"He/she is not invited at the birthday party of Juan. His/her face is thick."
Hirvi sangre - angry, used to tell that someone/something causes someone to be angry.
Maca hirvi sangre man gayod mira con aquellos de coche ta buta lang basura na camino
"It makes me angry when I see people in the car throwing waste along the road."
Diutay se - very big.

Jutay se pescao
"That fish is very big."
Labuyo - used to tell that someone has not attended the class and went just anywhere.
Taquilang gane vos na computeranl Bien labuyuin gayod vos noy.
"You are just here at the internet cafel You are so class-cutter.
Larga palabra - a promise, a curse, say something bad.

Juan: Ta llora si Juana
"Juana is crying
Pedro: Por que daw?

"Why is that so?"
Juan:
Ya larga con ele palabra disuyo tata.
"Her father said something bad to her."
Lava mano - does not want to accept responsibility or does not want to admit the fault
Habla ya el verdad. No mas ya lava mano. *Just tell the truth. Stop washing your hands."
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La vida - to earn for a living; to work.
Ta man la vida pa si papang .
“My father is still working.”
Ma eche - not straightforward.
Hace claro. Bien ma eche gayod tu.
“Make it clear. You are not straightforward.”
Marca palabra - to promesa.
Nunca gayod yo pidi ayuda con vos! Marca vos mi palabra.
“I will never help you. Mark my word.”
Merioquet - very far
Juan: Donde tu anda?
“Where are you going?”
Pedro: Alla na merioquet.
“Somewhere very far.”
Moñeca de pogon - ugly.
Si Nene dol moneca de pogon si ta llora.
“Nene looks ugly when she cries.”
Muerto de risas – used to express extreme happiness; extreme laugh.
Maca muri gayod na risas si Vice Ganda.
“Vice Ganda will really cause us to laugh extremely.”
Na lata - underdog
Juga kamo kanila? Na lata lang kamo.
“Are you going to play with them? You will not win.”
Nineteem ninety calawang – very old
Nineteen ninety calawang pa man gayod se cancion.
“That song is very old.”
No hay chance – used to tell that someone/something is not beneficial.
No hay chance sigi con Robin.
“There is nothing we can get from being with Robin.”
Piti pies – to look for a way to cause conflict/trouble.
Si Arnel ta busca gayod piti pies.
“Arnel is really looking for trouble.”
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Poco se - enormous; large in number.
Poco se gente na Paseo del Mar.
“There are so many people at the Paseo del Mar.”
Por pecho to take seriously.
No hace por pecho el cosa yo ya habla. Broma lang aquel.
“Do not take seriously what said. It's just a joke.”
Queda blanco el uwak - used to express impossibility.
Man libre yo contigo si queda blanco el uwak.
“I will treat you if the crow will turn into black.”
Seco - used to express emptiness in terms of money, no money.
Juan: Libre daw conmigo.
(You) treat me.
Pedro: Bien seco gayod yo ahora.
“I have really nothing now.”
Siembra caña - to hold a grudge or resentment.
No mas man broma-broma con Lizel cae ta siembra se caña.
“Don't you ever make joke with Lizel because she really holds a grudge”"
Suda frio - to be nervous; tensed; worried: anxious.
Ya suda ya lang yo frio enantes na recitacion.
“I was nervous earlier during the recitation.”
Supla - punch; hit; shoot.
Dinigrido man se dituyo un ojos. Quien contigo ya supla?"
“Your eye is black. Who hit you?”
Ta busca cen - to find ways to earn money.
Juan: Pang, dale comigo cen.
“Dad, give me money.”
Pedro: Luego ya, noy. Busca anay yo cen.
“Later, son. I will still look for it.”
Ta mira - I think.
Ta mira yo man separtahan se sila.
“I think they will be separated.”
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Talli pa el luz - used when someone insists that he/she is telling the truth.
Juan: Nohay daw clase luego habla si Sir.
“There will bo no class this afternoon according to our teacher.”
Pedro: Todo bogon.
“That's a lie.”
Juan: Deberasan ba.Talli pa el luz.
“It's true.I'm telling the truth.”
Tampa si quien - used with someone who leels of thinks that he/she is important or is somebody.
No queda tampa si quien si juga basketball.
“Don't act as if you're somebody when you play basketball.”
Tomao - drunk.
Juan: Por que daw ya accidenta si Junjun?
“Why aid Junjun involve in an accident?”
Pedro: Tomao daw aquel ele.
“Becauso he was drunk accordingy.”
Todo bagon - used with someone who tells foolish things or who is obviousty bying.
Juan: Bien guapo gayod yo.
“I am so handsome.”
Pedro: Todo bagon.
“Thats a lie.”
Tu cuidao - it's up to you.
Juan: Enamora ya gaha yo con ele, ta mira uste?
“Am I going to court her already? What do you think?”
Pedro: Tu cuidao.
“Up to you.”
Utuh bulinao - used with someone who has narrow mind or who thinks narrowly.
Bien utuk bulinao man gayod bo!
“You really have a narrow mind”
Yagit - someone who is untidy or who is physically unpleasant
Noy, baña ya cae yagit ya gayod tu.
“Kid, take a shower already because you look so untidy.”
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CHAVACANO-INGLES DICCIONARIO
abaja v. to go down. adentro prep. inside; in; within; inward; indoor
abajo adv. down. adiós n. goodbye
abandona v. abandon; leave. adjetivo n. adjective
abandonao adj. abandoned; administra v. to administer; to attend
abanico n. fan administración n. administration
abdomen n. abdomen admiti v. to admit
abembao adj. crazy, foolish. adobo n. marinated dish
abierto ad. open. adora v. to ador
abilidad n. ability adrento prep. inside; in; within; inward; indoor
abogao n. lawyer adulterio n. adultery
aborto n. abortion adverbo n. adverb
abrasa v. to embrace advertencia n. caution; notice; warning
abri v. open adverti v. to inform; to warn;
abuela n. grandmother afavor v. to favor
abuelo n. grandfather affectao adj. affected
abundancia n. abundance afloha v. to loose, to loosen.
aburrido adj. angry afloja v. to loose, to loosen.
abuya v. to appear afuera prep. outside; outdoor; outward; out
aca a marker for ordinal number (Aca-dos – second). aga adj. morning; daytime
acaba (1) v. to finish; (2) ad. after agarra v. to hold; touch
acabao adj. finished agradable adj. pleasant; nice; neat
acabar adj. then agraviao adj. aggrived
acados adj. second agravio n. offence; grievance
acasiete adj. seventh agua n. water
accepta v. accept aguanta v. to hold tightly
acceptao ad. accepted aguera v. to pierce a hole, to make a hole.
accidenta v. to involve in an accident aguero n. hole, small pit, loophole.
accidente n. accident aguerao adj. damaged, torn, broken, tattered, wrecked.
accion n. action aguja n. needle
aceite n. oil agujero n. hole; leak; bore
acerca adj. about; regarding; on agusador n. pencil sharpener.
acorda v. to remember ahora adv. now
acostumbra v. to accustom ajunta v. to collect; to gather;
acta v. to act ajuntao adj. collected; gathered
acto n. act alabanza n. praise
actual ad. actual alabastro n. alabaster
actualmente adv. actually alajas n. jewel; jewelry
acusa v. to accuse alat n.
acusación n. accusation; charge; prosecution; alboroto adj. noisy,
complaint alcalde n. mayor.
acusador n. accusser alcansa v. to reach
acustao adj. laid alcanza v. to reach
adelantao ad. advanced; forward;progressed alegra (1) v. to be happy; to merry, (2) v. to fix;
adelante adv. ahead; onward; forth; forward to arrange.
ademas adv. moreover; also; besides; alegre adj. happy; joyful.
furthermore alegria n. happiness; joy.
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alerto adj. alert. animal n. animal
alfabeto n. alphabet animo n. courage; bravery.
algun adj. some; any. anoche adv. last night
alisto adj. alert; active. ansina (1) like this. (2) adv. really.
alivio n. relief; allevition; ease; easement; anteayer adv. the other day.
comfort. antes adv. long before
alla adv. there (far); yonder. anuncia v. to announce
alli adv. there (near). apa (1) ad. mute. (2) n. ice cream cone.
alma n. soul; spirit. apaga v. to extinguish; to switch off; to turn off.
almuerza v. to eat breakfast. apas v. to go ater
almuerzo n. breaksfast. apenas adv. immediately after; right after.
almujada n. pilow. aplaya n. sea; beach.
alrededor adv. around; at the side. aprende v. to learn; to study.
alsa v. to it; to raise; to increase. aproba v. approve; to agree.
alsamiento n. raise; lift; increase. aprobao ad. approved; agreed.
alta ad. tall fem. aprovecha v. to benefit; to gain.
altar n. altar. aquel pr. that.
altavor n. speaker. aquellos pr. those.
alternative n. alternative. aqui adv. here
alto ad. tall masc. ara (1) v. to harvest. (2) adv. now: right now.
altor n. height arena n. sand
altura. height ariba adv. up; above.
alucina v. to hallucinate. armao ad. armed.
alucinacion n. hallucination. armas n. firearm.
alumbra v. to ight; to illuminate. arranca v, to eradicate; to remove;
alumno n. alumnus; student. arregla to fix; to arrange
ama v. to love. arreglao adj. fixed; arranged.
amable adj. lovable. arreglo n. arrangement.
amarao adj. tied; tied up; fastened; secured. arresta v. to arrest.
amarea v. to feel dizzy. arrestao adj. arrested;
amareao adj. dizy. arria v. extend (a rope); to drive away.
amargoso n. bitter gourd; bitter squash. arriba adv. up; above.
amarillo ad. yellow. arrima v. to move (something).
amarra v. to tie; to tie up; fasten; to bind; to arripinti v. to repent; to regret.
secure. arsipintido adj. repented; regretful; remorseful.
amarrao adj. tied; tied up; fastened: secured. arripintimiento n. repentance; regret; remorse.
ambicion n. ambition; dream; goal. arrogante adj. arrogant.
amber n. hunger. arroz n. uncooked rice.
amiga n. friend fem. arte n. art.
amigo n. friend masc. articulo n. article.
amistad n. friendship; camaraderie; arya v. to extend (a rope); to drive away.
comradeship. asa v. to gril: to hope; to expect.
amo (1) n. owner; leader; boss; master; asao adj. roasted; griled.
‘proprietor. (2) it/that is. asegun prep. according to.
amor n. love. asegura v. to make sure; to ensure.
amula v. sharpen. aseguranza n. sureness.
amulador n. whetstone, asegurao adj. sure.
anak n. child; children; son; daughter. asignatura n. assignment.
anay (1) adv. yet. (2) n. termite. asistencia n. assistance.
ancho adj. wide; spacious; big. asisti v. to assist; to attend
anda v. to go. asocia v. to associat
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asquia v. to disgust.
astronaut n. astronaut. balle n. dance.
asumi v. to assume; to take on. bajo adj. low.
asunto n. topic; subject; concern; issue; affair; baka adv. maybe; perhaps; possibly.
matter; thing; business; proposition. bala n. bullet.
asusta v. to scare; to frighten; to alarm. balde n. pale.
asustao adj. afraid; scared; frightened. bale (1) adj. good; great. (2) conj. so. (3) v. to get the
ataca v. to attack; salary or payment in advance.
ataque n. attack. baliscat adj. reverse; revert; opposite; upside down.
atención n. attention balikutot adj. well positioned.
atende v. to attend ballena n. whale.
atontao adj. idiot, foolish, moron, stupid. bolpen n. pen; ballpen.
atraca v. to draw or go near; to approach. banco n. chair; bank..
atractivo adj. attractive banda (1) n. band (2) v. to bounce.
atrás (1) v. to retreat. (2) n. back; behind. bandido n. bandit.1
atrasa v. to be late, to be delayed. bangka n. small boat.
atrasao adj. late; delayed. banko n. chair; bank.
atrevi v. to try. barangay n. small district or village.
atrevido adj. constantly trying barato adj. cheap; inexpensive; affordable.
atributo n. attribute. barbilla n. chin.
atubang v. facing. barco n. boat; ship.
autografo n. autograph. barkada n. friend or friends.
automovil n. car; mobile car. barko n. boat; ship.
autor n. author. barreta n. bar.
autoridad n. authority; power. barriga n. abdomen; belly; stomach.
avance v. to advance. barrio n. small district or village.
avante v. to move forward or ahead. base (1) n. base (2) v. to have as the foundation or to
avenida adj. floody. use as a point from which something is developed.
aventura n. adventure basia v. to pour.
aventurero n. adventurer. basiada n. flow; stream.
aver exp. let’s see. basin n. toilet bowl; lavatory bowl.
averguenza v. to cause shame; to put to shame basketbol n. basketball.
or disgrace. baso n. water glass.
averguenzao adj. shameful; disgraceful. basta adv. enough; just; as long as.
avisa v. to report; to inform; to tell; to baston n. walking stick.
announce. basura n. garbage; waste; rubbish.
ay marker for future aspect bata (1) n. child; kid; baby. (2) adj. young
ayer adv. yesterday batallión n. battalion; large organized group.
ayuda v. to help; to assist. batea n. basin; wash basin; dishpan.
ayudajan v. to help each other. batuta n. policeman’s or security guard’s stick.
ayudante n. helpmate; helper. bautisa v. to baptize.
ayuno n. fasting. bautisao adj. baptized.
azul adj. blue. bautismo n. baptism.
ba intrj. expressing confirmation, anger, and disgust. bautista n. baptist
babuy n. pig. bella n. beauty.
baca n. cow. belleza n. beauty.
bachiller n. bachelor bendici v. to bless
bachillerato adj. bachelor bendicido adj. blessed.
bagon n. shrimp paste. bendicion n. blessing.
balla v. to dance. beneficio n. benefit.
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Bulao adj. lost in mind or out of one’s mind.
Bulinao n. a very small variety of fish.
Besa v. to kiss. Buling n. dirt.
Beso n. kiss. Buncao adj. destroyed; devastated; torn down; wrecked;
demolished; ruined.
Bicicleta n. bicycle.
Bungul adj. deaf.
Bien adv. very; so; really.
Busca v. to find; to search; to seek.
Biernes n. Friday.
Buta v. to throw.
Bijuco n. a thin stick.
Buukan n. a place filled with trees.
Bijuquia v. to hit or spank using a thin stick.
Caballero n. a person who takes care horses; a horse rider;
Bilog n. piece. gentlemen; knight.
Bilug n. piece. Cabeza n. head.
Bira v. to return or come back. Cabrito n. goat.
Birada n. curving; return. Cacao n. a fruit used to make chocolate or cacao; cacao.
Bizcocho n. toasted bread or biscuit. Cada adj. every; each.
Blanco adj. white. Cadena n. chain.
Blusa n. blouse. Cadenita n. necklace.
Bo pron. You (very informal). Cadera n. hip or hips.
Bobocha v. to knock down, to punch, to hit. Cae (1) conj. because; since; considering; inasmuch. (2) v.
to fall.
Bobochao adj. knocked down, bruised.
Café n. coffee.
Boca n. mouth.
Caga v. to defecate; to poop.
Bodega n. storage of product or things.
Cagon adj. one defecates frequently.
Bola n. ball.
Cajon n. box.
Bombia v. to punch, to hit using a fist.
Calabaza n. squash; pumpkin; gourd.
Bonita adj. beautiful (feminine).
Calamidad n. calamity.
Bonito adj. handsome (masculine); beautiful (things or
animals). Calavera n. skeleton.
Bora v. to erase; to remove. Calawang n. rusted; corroded; tarnished.
Boring adj. boredom. Calayat (1) adj. things are left scattered. (2) v. to scatter or
spread out.
Borrachon adj. drunken; a person who is habitually or
frequently drunk. Caldero n. metal pot.
Bos pron. You (very informal). Caldo n. soup or stew.
Botella n. bottle. Calenta v. to heat or warm.
brazo n. arm. Calentura n. fever.
brilla v. to shine; to spark; to glow. Calidad n. quality.
brillante adj. shiny; glowing; brilliant; sparkly; glossy. Caliente adj. hot; warm.
brinca v. to jump. Calla v. to shut up.
broma (1) n. joke. (2) v. to joke. callao adj. quiet; one is not talking.
bronze n. bronze; copper wire. Calle n. road; street.
bubuyug n. bee. Calma v. to calm down.
buen adj. good. Calmao adj. calmed; relaxed.
buenas adj. lucky; fortunate; blessed. Calor n. fever; heat; warmth.
bueno adj. good. Cama n. bed.
buga v. to drive (an animal or insect) away. Cambal n. twin.
Bukug n. bone. Cambia v. to change, replace, modify, transform, reform.
Bula n. bubble. Cambiao adj. changed, replaced, modified, transformed,
reformed.
Bulador n. kite.
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Cambio n. change, replacement, transformation, Caminando (1) v. walking. (2) adj. by means of walking.
modification, reformation.
Camino n. way, road, street.
Camello n. camel.
Camisa n. shirt, cloth, blouse, polo shirt
Camina v. to walk; to go somewhere.
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canal n. a narrow water passage or stream.
canalla adj. stingy, selfish, closefisted.
canciôn n. music, song.
canda prep. of, from.
canta v. to sing.
cantidad n. quantity.
capitán n. captain.
cara n. face.
character n. character.
caratula n. pron. board, billboard, signage.
carga v. to carry, lift.
cargamiento things or things to be carried or lift up.
cargando v. lifting.
cargo n. things, products.
carnal adj. carnal; of relating to flesh.
carne n. meat.
caro (1) adj. expensive, pricey, costly. (2) n. push cart.
carpintero n. carpenter.
carta n. letter or correspondence.
cása n. house, home.
casá v. to marry; to give in.
casao adj. married; a gun prepared to shoot.
casamiento n. wedding.
caso n. case, complain, issue, proportion.
castiga v. to punish, castigate.
castigao adj, punished, castigated.
castigo n. punishment.
causa (1) n. cause, reason, motive. (2) v. to be the reason.
cay (1) conj. because, since; considering; in as much. (2) v. to fall.
cejas n. eyebrow.
celebra v. to celebrate.
celebraciôn n. celebration.
celeste n. sky.
celestial adj. celestial, heavenly.
celos n. jealousy.
celoso adj, jealouse.
cementerio n. cemetery.
cementeryo n. cemetery.
cen n. money
cena (1) n. dinner. (2) v. to dine.
cencillo n. coins.
ceniza n. ash.
centra v. to aim; to place something in the middle.
centro n. center.
cerca adv. near.
ceremonia n. ceremony.
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cerra v. to close.
chamba n. Luck.
chico n. boy, young man.
chismis (1) n. gossip. (2) v. to gossip.
chocolate n. chocolate.
choggo n. monkey
cielo n. sky.
ciencia n. science.
cine n. movie theatre.
cintura n. waist, waistline.
cinturón n. belt.
cirujano
ciudad n. city.
civil n. civil.
civilasao adj. civilized.
con hambre adj. hungry.
claridad n. clarity.
claro adj. clear.
clase n. class.
clacao adj. nailed.
clavetia v. to nail.
clavo n. nail.
clavo-clavo n. peperomia pellucida; a small plant with heart-shaped, fleshy and shiny leaves.
cobra v. to collect money.
coche n. car.
cochina adj. a female person who is disgusting.
cochinadas adj. disgusting, dirty, unpleasant.
cochino adj. a male person who is disgusting.
cocina v. to cook rice.
cocoracha n. cockroach.
codo n. to elbow.
coji v. to catch.
colebra n. snake.
colector n. collector.
color n. color.
colorao adj. red.
comandante commandment.
comete v. to commit, make, do, act.
comida n. food.
comigo pron. me.
como prep. like.
compara v. to compare.
compete v. to compete.
competicion n. competition.
complea v. to comply.
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completa v. to complete.
completamente adv. completely.
completo adj. complete.
Compra (1) v. To buy. (2) bought things or
Goods.
Computeran n. Internet café.
Con prep, with
Conciencia n. Conscience.
Condena v. To condemn.
Condenao adj. Condemned.
Condición n. Condition.
Condolencia n. Condolence.
Coneccion n. Connection.
Conejo n. Rabbit.
Conele pron. Him/her.
Confesa v. To confess; to tell the truth; to speak
Up.
Confía v. To trust; to put one’s confidence to
Someone.
Confianza n. Trust, confidence.
Confirmacion n. Confirmation.
Conforma v. To conform, agree.
Conforme adj, conformed, agreed.
Conformacion n. Conformation
Conoce v. To know, recognize, familiarize.
Conosihan v. To know each other.
Consejo n. Counsil.
Consequia adj. Thirsty.
Considera v. To consider
Consinti v. To contain, consist; to tolerate.
Consola n. Console.
Construcción n. Construction.
Consueño adj. Sleepy.
Consulta v. To consult; to seek for an advice.
Conta v. To count.
Contene v. To contain, consist.
Contento adj. Contended.
Contesta v. To answer, respond, reply.
Contestación n. Answer, response, reply.
Contigo pron, with you, to you
Continua v. To continue, pursue.
Continualmente adv. Continually, continuously.
Contra prep. Against, contra, opposite, versus.
Contrallo n. Enemy, foe.
Contratajan v. To go or stand against.
Contribución n. Contribution.
Contribui v. To contribute.
Controla v. To control.
Controlao adj, controlled.
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Convence v. To convince, persuade, influence.
Convencido adj. Convinced, persuaded,
Influenced.
Convención n. Convention, gathering,
Conference.
Convensido adj. Convinced, persuaded,
Influenced.
Conversa v. To speak, converse, talk.
Conversada n. Talk, talking, speaking,
Conversing.
Conversación n. Conversation, talk.
Converti v. To convert, transform, change.
Convertido adj. Converted, transformed,
Changed.
Copia v. To copy, imitate, impersonate.
Corazón n, heart.
Corona n. Crown.
Córre adj. Fast.
Corré v. To run.
Corridor n. Runner.
Corta v. To cut off, strike, ax, slice, chop, trim.
Cortador n. Cutter.
Corte n. Court.
Cortina n. Curtain.
Corto adj, short, brief, scant.
Cosa (1) pron. What, which. (2) n. Thing.
Cosas n. Things
Cosina 1) v. To cook rice. (2) n. Kitchen, cuisine.
Costao n. Side.
Costumbre n. Character, custom, attitude,
Temperament.
Cre v. To believe.
Crea v. To create, make, establish, invent.
Creación n. Creation.
Creador n. Believer.
Crédito n. Credit.
Crici v. To grow up.
Cricida n. Growth.
Crimen n., crime.
Criminal n. Criminal.
Cristiano n. Christian,
Cristo n. Christ.
Critica n. Critique, review.
Critical adj. Critical.
Crucifica v. To crucify.
Crucificao adj. Crucified.
Crucificcion n. Crucifixion.
Cruz n. Cross.
Cuaderno n. Notebook.
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Cuando (1) adv. When. (2). Conj. When.
Cuanto how much; how many.
Cuarto n. Room, hall.
Cubardon adj. Coward, fearful.
Cubri v. To protect, hide, cover, fill,
Cuchara n. Spoon.
Cuchina adj. A female person who is disgusting.
cuchinadas adj. disgusting, dirty, unpleasant.
cuchino adj. a male person who iskdisgusting.
cuchara n. poon.
cucho n. whisper.
cucho-cucho v, whispering.
cuento (1) n. story. (2). V. to tell a story.
cuero (1) n. leather. (2) ad). uncircumsized.
cuerpo n. body.
cueva n. cave.
cuga adj. hanged with rope, arm, hand or anything around the neck.
cuida v. to take care.
culdao (1) adj. taken cared. (2) exp. You take
care.
cuji v. to catch.
culebra n. snake.
culpa n. fault, sin, blame, guilt.
culpable adj. culpable.
cultiva v. to cultivate.
cultivao adj. cultivated. cumpleaño v. birthday.
cupal n. smegma. cura v. to cure, treat, heal.
curada n. cure, treatment, healing.
curso n. course, way, track, path.
cusi adj. to cook.
cusina (1) v. to cook rice. (2) n. kitchen, cuisine.
daan adj. old, something is established, built up or existing before.
dalaga adj. adolescent, teen, teenager.
dalagita n female teen or teenager.
dalasucan adj. compressed.
dale v. to give, hand over
damas n. ladies.
daw exp. an expression of uncertainty
dayun adv. immediately right away
de prep. of, from.
debe (1) n. debt. (2) v. need, should, must.
deberasan n. truth, fact.
decano n. dean.
decendencia n. descendance.
decendiente n. descendant.
decidi v. to decide.
decidido adj. decided.
declara v. to declare, pronounce.
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declaración n, declaration.
decoración n, decoration.
dedica v. to dedicate, offer.
dedicao adj. dedicated.
dedo n. finger.
de edad adj. aged, old.
Defecton. defect, blemish, damage, deficiency.
defectivo adj. defective, blemished, damaged, deficient.
defende v. to defend, back up, protect.
defensa n. defense.
deja v. to leave, leave off, give up, forsake, quit, stop, abandon, let, discontinue.
déjalo v. to leave, leave off, give up, forsake, quit, stop, abandon, let, discontinue.
dejao adj. left, left behind, forsaken, abandoned.
del prep. of, from.
deleitosa adj. pleasurable, lovely, delightful.
delicioso adj. delivious, yummy.
deluvio n. big calamity.
demanda (1) n. demand (2v to file a case against someone.
demonio n. devil.
demostra v. to demonstrate to show or present
demostracion n demonstation.
demostrativo adj. demonstrative.
denoche n. evening, night
dentro prep. in, inside
depende v. to depend
deportación n. deportation
deposito n. deposit
deprecia v. to depreciate devalue devaluate
depreciación n. depreciation.
depreciao adj. depretiated.
derecha (1) n. right. (2) adj. right.
derecho adj. straight, straightforward, direct, right.
derepente adv. suddenly.
derrama v. to spill out.
derreti v. to melt.
derretido adj. melted.
desaparece v. to fade out, clear off, die out, vanish, disappear, go.
desata v. to untie, unfasten, loose, detach, unbind.
descansa v. to rest.
descanso n. rest.
desconoce v. to ignore, disown
desconocido adj. unknown, unfamiliar.
descuento n. discount.
desde prep. of, from.
desembarca v. to disembark
deseo n. desire, like.
desesperao adj. desperate, eager
desierto n. desert.
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desmaya v. to dismay, disappoint.
desobedece v. to disobey.
desobediencia n. disobedience.
desobediente adj. disobedient.
desperta v. to wake up, arise, revive.
desperto adj. awake
despierto adj. awake, awoke, wakeful, not sleeping.
despues (1) prep. after. (2) adv. later, afterward.
destorba v. to disturb.
destrosa v. to destroy, crush, damage, wreck, demolish, smash, ruin, overthrow.
destroso n. destroyer, wrecker
destruccion n. destruction, wreck.
determina v. to determine, identify
detras (1) prep. behind, at the back. (2). back
deveras adj. true, factual.
deverasan n. truth, fact.
devolve n. to return, take back, pay back, put back, hand back, replace, repay.
devote n. devotee.
di prep. of.
dia n. day.
diamon pron. our (exclusive).
diamun pron. our (exclusive).
diaton pron. our (inclusive).
diciplina (1) v. to discipline. (2) n. discipline.
dicipulo n. disciple, follower.
dicta v. to dictate
diente n. tooth, teeth
diferencia (1) n. difference, variance, distinctness, contrast, discrepancy.
diferente adj. different, various, varied.
dicifil adj. difficult, hard, tough, trick, stiff.
dificultad n. difficulty, trouble hitch.
dilla pron. their, theirs.
dimio pron. my, mine.
dinigrido n. black spot, usually on the skin or external part of the body.
Dios n. God, Lord, Master.
directa adj. direct, straight.
directiva n. directive, guideline.
director n. director, head, leader, principal, manager, supervisor.
dirriti v. to melt.
dirritido adj. melted.
disbruna v. to crash, to smash, to damage.
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discubri v. to discover, to find out, to investigate
discusion n. discussion, argument, debate.
disculpa v. to excuse, forgive.
discurso n. discourse, speech, utterance, address.
discuti v. to discuss, debate, contest, argue, talk over, talk out.
discutijan v. to discuss, debate, contest, argue, talk over, talk out.
disperta v. to wake up, arise, revive.
dispidi v. to die, pass away.
dispierto adj. awake.
distancia n. distance.
distinguido adj. distinguished.
distorbo n. disturbance.
distorba adj. disturbed.
distribul v. to distribute, allocate, dispense, give out, share.
disuyo pron. his, her, hers.
dituyo pron. your, yours.
diutay adj. small, short, undersized, little, cute.
dividido adj. divided, shared, proportion.
doble adj. double.
dol prep. like, similar, typical,.
dolencia n. pain, ache, discomfort, distress, agony, anguish, harm, hurt.
dolor n. pain, ache, discomfort, distress, agony, anguish, harm, hurt.
dolorido adj. in pain, ached, discomforted, anguished, hurt, harmed.
donde adv. where, at or in what place.
drento prep. in, inside, within.
duda (1) n. doubt, distrust, suspicion, uncertainty, mistrust. (2) v. to doubt; to suspect; to be uncertain.
duele adj. painful, ached, discomforted, anguished, hurt, harmed.
duelo adj. sweet.
dura (1) adj. slow. (2) v. to be slow; to delay.
durante adv. during; at that time.
durmi v. to sleep.
durmido adj. sleeping, asleep.
duro adj. hard, firm, hardened, callous, heartless, inhuman, stonyheart.
duyan n. cradle.
eco n. echo.
edad n. age.
edificio n. building, establishment.
educa v. to educate.
educacion n. education.
educao adj. educated.
educativo adj. educational.
efectivo adj. effective.
eficiente adj. efficient.
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ejemplo n. example, sample.
ejercicio n. exercise, test.
eksacto adj. exact, enough, accurate, precise,
proper.
eksamen v. to examine.
eksepto prep. except.
el det. the.
elabora v. to elaborate, to expound.
elaboracion n. elaboration.
ele pron. he, she, him, her.
elección n. election.
eléctrico adj. electric.
elegante adj. elegant, classy, majestic.
elemento n. element, component.
elepante n. elephant.
embajada n. embassy.
embajador n. ambassador.
embalsama v. to embalm.
embarca v. to embark, ride; to go on board.
embusterias n. lies, foolishness.
embustero adj. lier, untrue.
emocion n. emotion.
emocional adj. emotional.
emperador n. emperor.
empeza v. to begin, to give.
empirico adj. empirical.
enamora v. to court, to love.
enante adv. earlier, a while ago.
enantes adv. earlier, a while ago.
enbuenamente adv. well.
encabeza v. to head, to lead.
encadena v. to chain.
encadena adj. chained.
encanta v. to enchant; to tempt.
encantao adj. enchanted, tempted.
encarga v. to entrust.
encargao adj. entrusted.
encima prep. atop, on top, on, above, over.
encontra v. to meet; to encounter; to find.
encuentro n. encounter, meeting.
endenantes adv. earlier, a while ago.
enfatico adj. empathic.
enfermedad n. sickness, disease, illness.
enfermo adj. sick
enfrente prep. in front.
engranda v. to raise.
engrandao adj. raised.
engrande adj. big, great.
enorme adj. enormous, big, huge.
enseguida adv. immediately, right away.
enseña v. to teach, coach, guide, show.
ensucia v. to poop, to defacate.
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entacto v. enactment.
entende v. to understand.
entendemiento n. understanding.
entero adj. whole.
enterra v. to burry.
entierro n. interment, entombment, funeral.
entonces adv. then, so.
entra v. to enter; to get inside.
entrada n. entrance.
entrega v. to hand in; to hand over.
entregao adj. handed in; handed over.
entremedio prep. in the middle or center.
entretenido adj. entertaining.
entrevista n. talk, interview, conversation.
entusiasmo adj. enthusiasm.
entusiasta n. enthusiast.
envia v. to send.
envidia v. to envy.
envolve v. to wrap, cover.
envuelto adj. wrapped, covered.
equivalente n. equivalent.
equipo n. equipment.
error n. error.
escalera n. ladder, stairs.
escapa v. to escape.
escapao adj. escaped.
esclama v. to exclaim.
escoje v. to choose.
escojido adj. chosen.
esconde v. to hide, keep.
escondido adj. hidden, kept.
escribi v. to write.
escribido adj. written.
escritura n. script, writing.
escuela n. school.
escupi v. to spit.
escusa v. to excuse.
ese pron. that.
esos pron. those.
espacio n. space.
espacioso adj. spacious.
espada n. sword.
espanta v. to terrify, horrify, scare, frighten, surprise.
espantao adj. terrified, horrified, scared, frightened, surprised.
especial adj. special.
especialista n. specialist.
especialmente adv. specially, especially.
espejo n. mirror.
espera v. to wait.
esperanza n. hope.
espina n. spine
espinal adj. spinal.
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espíritu n. spirit, soul.
espiritual adj. spiritual.
espiritualidad n. spirituality.
esplica v. to explain.
esposa n. wife.
esquema n. scheme.
esquenita n. narrow way.
esquina n. corner.
esta v. to stay, to live
estaba I come from; I had/have been from
establecimiento n. establishment.
estado n. status, state.
estatal n. state.
este pron. this.
estima v. to estimate.
estimao adj. estimated.
estomago n. stomach.
estorba v. to disturb.
estorbao adj. disturbed.
estos pron. these.
estrangero n. stranger.
estrella n. star
estrellas n. stars
estricto adj. strict.
estudia v. to study, to learn.
estudiante n. student.
estupendo adj. marvellous, stupendous.
eterna n. eternity.
eternal adj. eternal
eternamente adv. eternally
etiqueta n. etiquette, ethics.
evacua v. to evacuate, to vacate.
evacuación n. evacuation.
evidencia n. evidence
evita v. avoid, refrain
evos pron. you (very informal).
exacto adj. exact, accurate, enough.
examen (1) v. to examine, search, test, investigate. (2) n. test, search, investigation, examination.
examina v. to examine, search, test, investigate.
examinación n. test, search, investigation, examination.
excepción n. exception.
excepto prep. except, apart from, aside from.
exclama v. to exclaim.
excusa v. to excuse.
existi v. to exist.
expensivo adj. expensive, costly, pricey.
experiencia v. to experience.
explica v. to explain.
expresion n. expression.
extende v. to extend.
extranjero n. stranger.
extraña v. to doubt, to feel unusual thing about someone or something.
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extravagante adj. extravagant.
fabrica n. fabric, factory
fabuloso adj. fabulous.
facha v. to kick.
fachada n. kick.
facil adj. easy.
facilidad n. facility.
facultad n. faculty.
falda n. skirt.
falla v. to fail, breakdown; to function abnormally.
fallao adj. abnormal, brokendown, failed. falta adj. lacking, short, deficit.
familia n. family.
fantasia n. fantasy, imagination.
fantástico adj. fantastic, amazing.
farmacia n. phramacy, drugstore.
fastidia v. to bother, to annoy, to tease.
favor n. favor.
favorite adj. favorite.
fe n. faith, trust.
fecha n. date.
felicidad n. happiness, joy
felicita v. to congratulate.
feliz adj. happy, grateful, joyful
fértil adj. fertile.
fertilidad n. fertility
ficha n. bottle cap.
fidelidad n. fidelity, loyalty
fiel adj. loyal, faithful, true
fiesta n. feast, celebration.
fija v. to notice, to mind, to pay attention, to
see.
filosofo n. philosopher.
fin adj. last, end.
finaliza v. to finalize, to finish.
finalmente adv. finally.
fino adj. refined, fine, subtle, thin, sharp.
firma (1) n. signature. (2) v. to sign.
firmi adv. always, each time, constantly,
continually, continuously.
fisico adj. physical.
flaca adj. thin (feminine).
flauta n. flute.
flores n. flower, flowers.
forma (1) n. form. (2) v. to pose.
forza v. to force.
foto n. photo, picture.
fotografia n. photography.
fractura n. fracture.
franca adj. frank, direct, straightforward. freno n. brake.
frente n. forehead.
fresco adj. fresh.
fri v. to fry.
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friholes n, green beans, snake beans, long
beans.
frijoles n. green beans, snake beans, long
beans.
frio adj. cold.
frito adj. fried.
frontera n. border, boundary.
fruta n. fruit.
frutas n. fruits.
fuego n. fire. fuente bridge.
fuera adv. aside from.
fuerte adj. strong, fast, powerful, forceful
intense.
fuerza n. power, might, mightiness, force. fuma v. to smoke a cigarette.
fumador n. smoker.
fundacion n. foundation.
futuro n, future.
gafas n, cotton.
gago adj. foolish, crazy, gaha adv. perhaps, maybe, might, possibly.
gaja adv. perhaps, maybe, might, possibly, gale expression of surpise or confirmation. (As in "Ikaw pala...).
gallena n. hen.
gallera n. cockpit.
gallina n. hen.
gallo n. rooster.
gambas n. shrimp, prawn.
gana (1) v. to win. (2) n. appetite.
ganador n. winner, victor.
Kanancia n. gain.
gane expression of surpise or confirmation. (As
in "ikaw pala...).
ganguia v. to tease, mock, ridicule, annoy.
ganguiador n. mocker, teaser, annoyer.
garahe n. garaje.
garaje n. garaje.
garganta n. throat.
garrutia v. to strike using stick, belt, etc.
garrutiao adj. struck.
gasolina n gasoline.
gasolinahan n. gasoline station.
gasta v. to spend.
gastao adj. used; well-used.
gata n. milk or extract of a fruit, tree, leaf, etc.
gato n. cat.
gayod adv. very; really.
gayot adv. very, really.
generación n. generation.
generalmente adv, generally.
genero n. gender.
generoso adj. generous.
gente n. human, person, man, people.
genuino adj, genuine.
gigante adj. giant, gigantic, huge.
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ginebra n. gin.
gitara n. guitar.
globo n. globe.
golpe n. punch, strike, blow, impact, shot.
coma n. rubber.
gordo adj. fat.
gordura n. fat, fats.
govierno n, government.
graba n. debris or broken pieces of concrete.
gracias ex. thank you.
grado n. grade.
gradua v. to graduate.
gramatica n. grammar.
gran adj. great, big.
grande adj. great, big.
grandor n. size, largeness, greatness.
grano n. grain.
grasa n. grease.
gratifica v. to gratify.
grita v. to shout, scream, yell.
grito n. shout, scream, exclamation, yell, cry.
grueso adj. thick.
grupo n. group.
guapo adj. handsome.
guardia (1) n. guard, security guard. (2) v. to
guard, secure.
guerra n. war, siege, battle.
guerrero n. warrior, fighter.
guia (1) n. guide. (2) v. to guide.
guiador n. one who guides.
guiao adj. guided.
guinda v. to reach to a destination.
guitarra n. guitar.
gulud n. ridge.
gumita v. to vomit.
gumitorio n. noun.
gusano n. worm.
gusto n. like, wish, desire.
habla v. to say, tell, speak.
hablada the way it is said.
habon n. soap.
hace v. to do, make, accomplish, build, work,
execute, perform.
hala v. to pull, tug
haluga adj. loose.
hambre n. hunger.
hambuguero adj. boastful.
haragan adj. greedy, hungry, thirsty, wanting to
do or have something very much.
harina n. flour.
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harta v. to surfeit; to feed too much; to do
things too much.
hartao adj. surfeited; fed up too much.
hasta adv. until.
hefe adj. chief.
helado n. ice cream.
hende adv. no, not.
heredero n. heir, inheritor.
herencia n. heredity, heritage, inheritance,
legacy.
heri v. to hurt, to injure, to smite.
herida n. wound, injury, hurt.
herido adj. wounded, injured, hurt.
heroe n. hero.
hermana n. sister.
hermano n. brother.
hermosa adj. beautiful.
hierro n. metal, iron.
higado n. liver.
hija n. young lady.
hijo n. young man.
hila v. to pull, tug.
hinay adj. slow, weak.
hinay-hinay adv. slowly.
hinca v. to kneel.
hinde adv. no, not.
hiri v. to hurt, to injure, to smite.
hirida n. wound, injury, hurt,
hirido adj. wounded, injured, hurt.
hirvi v. to boil.
hipocrito n. hypocrite.
histerico adj. hysterical.
historia n. history, story.
hojas n. leaf, leaves.
hola interj. hi, hello.
hombre n, boy, male, man.
hombro n. shoulder.
hondo adj, deep.
hondura n. depth,
honesto adj. honest.
honor n. honor.
honra dignity.
honrado adj. honored.
hoy interj. hey, hi (very informal)
hospital n. hospital.
hotel n. hotel.
hui v. to go away, run away; one who went with
someone to settle down or get married.
humano n. human.
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humilde adj. humble.
humo n. smoke.
husto adj. enough, suitable, exact, fit.
hutik v. to whisper.
huya n. shyness.
huyain adj. shy.
icha v. to put, to place.
ichura n. appearance, look, figure.
idea n. idea.
ideal adj, ideal.
identidad n. identity.
identifica v. to identify.
ideologia n. ideology.
idioma n. idiom.
idiomatico adj. idiomatic.
idiota adj. idiot.
idolo n, idol.
iglesia n. church.
ignora v. to ignore.
ignorancia n. ignorance.
ignorante adj. ignorant.
igual adj. same, the same, same as.
Igualmente adj. alike, equally, likewise, evenly.
ika a marker for ordinal number (third – ika-tres)
illegal adj. illegal.
ilusion n. illusion.
ilusionao adj. illusory, illusive.
imagina v. to imagine.
imaginacion n. imagination.
imoralidad n. immorality.
imparta v. to impart.
imperative adj. imperative.
importante adj. important.
imposible adj. impossible.
imposibilidad n. impossibility.
impresión n. impression.
impresióna v. to impress.
impresiónao adj. impressed.
impuesta v. to impose, to tax.
impuesto n. imposition, tax.
impunidad n. impunity.
incluhido adj. included.
inclujido adj. included.
including
inclui v. to include.
incluido adj. included.
increible adj. incredible.
incrementa v. to increase.
106
indecisión n. indecision
indefinido adj. indefinite.
independencian n. independence.
independente adj. independent.
indica v. indicate.
indicación n. indication.
indicao adj. indicated.
indicative adj. indicative.
infierno n. hell.
influencia n. influence.
influencial adj. influential.
información n. information.
informal adj. informal.
ingeniero n. engineer.
ingles adj. english.
ingrato adj. ingrate, ungrateful.
inicia v. to initiate.
inicial n. initial.
injeccion n. injection.
inocencia n. innocence.
inocente adj. innocent.
inidoro n. toilet.
inolvidable adj. unforgettable.
inseguro adj. insecurem unsafe.
inisiti v. to insist.
inspección n. inspection.
inspecta v. to inspect.
inspira v. to inspire.
inspiracion n. inspiration.
instante adj. instant.
instinto n. instinct.
instruccion n. instruction.
insulta v. to insult.
insulto (1) adj. insultin. (2) n. insult.
inteligente adj. intelligent.
intencion n. intention.
intensidad n. intensity.
interaccion n. interaction.
interés n. interest.
intersante adj. interesting.
interasao adj. interested.
internal adj. internal.
interpreta v. to interpret.
interpretación n. interpretation.
interrogación n, interrogation.
intestino n. intestine.
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intierro n. interment, entombment, funeral.
intriga n. intrigue, issue.
introduci v. to introduce.
inútil adj. useless, needless, pointless, unserviceable, unprofitable, wasted, idle.
inventa v. to invent.
invento n. invention.
inventor n. inventor.
inveta v. to invite.
invidia v. to envy.
invierna adj. angry, enraged, furious.
invierno adj. angry, enraged, furious.
invisti v. to retaliate, to fight back, to repay, to revenge.
invita v. to invite.
invitación n. invitation.
invitao adj. invited.
introduccion n. introduction.
involve v. to wrapped, to cover.
iri v. to hurt, to injure, to smite.
irida n. wound, injury, hurt.
irido ajd. wounded, injured, hurt.
irritable adj. irritable.
irritao adj. irritated.
isla n. island.
isquierda (1) adj. left. (2) n. left.
istambay (1) v. to bystand. (2) n. bystander.
istoria n. story.
jabon n. soap.
jaragan adj. greedy, hungry, thirsty, wanting to do or have something very much .
jardin n. garden.
jefe adj. chief.
joven adj. young.
juego n . play, game .
juez n. judge.
juga v . to play .
juicio n. wisdom.
junto adv. Together.
jurada n . female judge .
jurado n. male judge.
jus n. juice .
jusga v. to judge .
jusgada n . judgement.
jusgao adj. judged.
justicia n. justice.
justo (1) adj. fit suited (2) adv , adj , pron enough
jutay adj. small in size
kabar (1) adv. Afterwards, then, and then (2) exp: so what ?
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kabit (1) v. to hang (2) n . mistress, concubine, other woman.
kabrito n. goat .
kalor n. warmth, heat .
kalye n. road, way, street.
kalyente adj. hot, warmth.
kamali n. wrong, wrongdoing, error, misdeed, sin, trespass, violation, offense.
kame pron. We (exclusive).
kamo pron. You (prural).
kanamon pron. Us ( exclusive).
kanaton pron. Us (inclusive).
kanila pron. Them .
kaninyo pron. You (prural).
kanta v. To sing .
kanun n. cooked rice.
kape n. Coffee.
kapre n. A mythical giant creatures that smoke on a tree.
keber (1) n. Care, concern (2) v. To imagine (Keber ese -imagine that).
kepet n. Armpit.
kidlat n. Lightning.
kilo n. kilo.
kilometro n . Kilometers.
kita pron. We (inclusive).
kubardon adt. Coward, fearful.
kunambre adt. Hungry.
lava v. To wash, to clean
lababo n. Wash-basin
labada n. Clothes to be washed
labandera n. Female person who washes clothes; someone who is hired to wash clothes
labandero n. Male person who washes clothes; someone who is hired to wash clothes
labio n. lip, lips.
laboratorio n. Laboratory
labuyo v. To cut class
labuyuin adj. A person who always cut class
ladra v . To bark
ladron n. Thief, snatcher, robber, shoplifter
laga v. To boil something( except water)
lagak adj. Stingy , selfish, closefisted
lagrima n. Tear, tears
lama v. To call
laman n. Flesh
lampara n. Lamp
lampus v. To smash; to heat violently or very hard
landuk v. To slip, to slide
larga v. To release, to set free, to move to depart
largo adj. Long
109
lastima n. Mercy
lastimoso adj. Merciful
lata n. Tin can , Tin can
latiga v. To whip; to hit a person or animal with a whip or something like a whip
lava v. To wash, to clean
lavabo n. Wash- basin
lavada n. Clothes to be washed
lavander n. A female person who wash clothes; someone who is hired to wash clothes
lavandero n. A male person who wash clothes; someone who is hired to wash clothes
laway n. Saliva
layung (1) adj. Shriveled, withered, wrinkled(2) v. To shrivel , to wrinkle, to wither
le v. Read
leadle adj. Readable
lebanta v. To stand up, to rise, to raise up ; to put up, to stablish, to build
lebantao adj. To stood up
leccion n. Lesson , topic
leche n. Milk
letchon adj. Roasted
lechuga n. Lettuce
lectura n. Lecture
lehos adj. Far
lejos adj. Far
lengua n. tongue.
lenguaje n. language.
lente n. lens, eyeglass.
leproso n. leprosy.
letra n. letter or character (of alphabet).
letrata v. to take a picture; to capture.
letratista n. photographer.
letrato n. picture, photo.
levanta v, to stand up, to rise, to raise up; to
put up, to establish, to build.
ley n. law.
librá v. free, set free, unchain.
libráo adj. freed.
libre (1) n. free; free of charge. (2) v. to treat.
libro n. book.
lider n. leader.
liga (1) n, league. (2) v. to come, to arrive.
ligal n. legal.
ligid v. to lie on the ground; to pull something
or something on the ground; to roll on the
ground.
liha n. rub something against a surface or
sandpaper.
lihero adj. fast, quick, rapid.
lija n. rub something against a surface or
110
sandpaper.
lijero adj. fast, quick, rapid.
limita v. to limit.
limitao adj. limited.
limosna n. alms; anything given to the poor.
limpia v. to clean.
limpiesa n. cleanliness, cleaning; the quality of
being clean.
limpieza n.cleanliness, cleaning; the quality of
being clean.
limpio adj. clean, neat.
linda adj. cute (feminine).
lindo adj. cute (masculine).
línea n. line.
lingasa (1) n. worry, anxiety. (2) v. to worry.
lista n. list.
listao adj. listed.
liston n. shoelace.
literal adj. literal.
literario adj. literary.
llama v. to call, to recognize, to acknowledge.
llamada n. call.
llave n. key.
llega v. to arrive, to come.
llegada n. arrival.
llena v. to fill up (a container).
lleno adj. full, filled up.
lleva v. to bring
llora v. to cry.
lobo n. wolf.
loca adj. crazy, foolish (feminine).
locao adj. located.
loco adj. crazy, foolish (masculine).
locuras n. craziness, foolishness.
lodo n. mud.
lola n. grandmother.
lolo n. grandfather.
los demas pron. others.
lote n. lot.
lucha v. to fight.
luchahan v. fighting.
lucut v. to crumple.
luego adv. later.
lugar (1) n. place. (2) v. to put or stop in a
proper place.
luho n. luxury or anything beyond necessary.
lujo n. luxury or anything, beyond necessary.
lumus v. to drown.
luna n. moon.
111
lus n. light, bulb.
luz n. light, bulb,
mabuling adj. dirty.
maca a marker which means having a quality of
something or to be something. (Maca-llora-to
feel like crying).
machacao adj. crushed, smashed.
macolor adj. colortul.
madre n.
madrogada n. dawn.
madura v. to ripen.
maduro adj. ripe.
maestra n. female teacher.
maestro n. male teacher.
mafuerza adj. strong, mighty, powerful.
maga plural morker (maya pono - the trees),
mahica n. magic.
majica n. magic.
mais n. corn.
maiz n. corn.
maka-asco adj. disgusting.
maka-risas adj. funny.
makina n. machine.
mal adj. bad.
malacara adj. ugly.
maldad n. bad thing or act.
maleducao adj. uneducated.
malicia n. malice
maliciosa adj. malicious (feminine).
malicioso adj. malicious (masculine).
malihuk adj. constantly moving.
malisud adj. difficult, hard.
malo adj. bad, evil.
maltrata v. to treat badly.
maluya adj. weak.
mama v. to suck milk.
mana n. inheritance.
manada adj. many, much.
manda v. to order to command, to require, to demand, to ask for a favor.
mandamiento n. order, command,
requirement, demand.
mandato n. order, command, requirement,
demand.
maneja v. to drive, to manage.
manera n way, ways.
mangga n. mango.
manggas n. sleeve, sleeves.
mani n. nut, peanut.
mano n. hand.
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manok n. chicken.
manta n. blanket, bedsheet.
mantene v. to provide for the need.
mantequilla n. margarine.
manyakul adj. maniac.
manzanas n. apple.
mapa n. map.
mapait adj. bitter, bad taste.
mapilit adj. sticky.
maquina n. machine.
mar n. sea, beach.
márca n. mark.
marcá v. to mark.
márcha v. to march.
marchá v. to march.
marejada n. waves, seawaves.
maridable n. married couple.
marido n. husband.
marijada n waves, seawaves.
marino n. seafarer, sailor.
mariposa n. butterfly.
marisco n. small sea creatures with very hard
shell.
maru adj. deceptive, deceiving.
mas adj. more.
mása n. the great body of people.
masá v. to mix (eg. cement or flour); to
massage.
mascota n. Mascot.
masilao adj. dazzling.
mason n. mason.
masquen adj. any.
masquin adj. any.
masucio adj. dirty.
matá v. to kill.
matadero n. killer (usually of animals such as bull, cow, pig).
matajan v. to kill one another.
matanza n. killing.
materno adj. maternal.
matinik adj. keen, perceptive, wise.
matricula n. enrolment.
matunuk adj. thorny or prickly.
maya n. a small brownish bird.
mayor adj. older.
mea v. to pee, urinate.
mecanico n. mechanic.
medi v. to measure.
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media n. half.
medicina n. medicine.
medico n. doctor.
medio n. center, middle point.
mejor adj. great.
menciona v. to mention.
menguao adj. reduced, lessened, deducted.
menor adj. younger.
menos adj. lesser.
mensaje n. message.
mensajero n. messenger.
menta v. to blame.
mentao adj. blamed.
mes n. month.
mesa n. table.
mescla v. to mix.
mesclao adj. mixed.
mete v. to touch, to act on something.
mga plural marker
mi pron. my.
mia v. to pee, to urinate.
miedo n. fear, fright.
miembro n. member.
mientras conj. while.
mientras tanto adv. meanwhile.
mil n. thousand.
milagro n. miracle.
milagroso adj. miraculous.
minuto n. minute.
mio pron. mine.
mira v. to see, to watch.
mirahan v. to see each other, to meet.
miron n. watcher.
mirra v. to see, to watch.
misa n. mass, church service or ceremony.
miserable adj. miserable.
mismo (1) pron. self, itself. (2) adj. very, same.
miterio n. mystery.
miting n. meeting.
mobe v. to move.
modo n. manners.
mobida n. move, act.
moderno adj. modern.
modesto adj. modest.
molestia v. to molest.
momento n. momento.
monte n. mountain.
monton adj, many, much, enormous, big. moreno adj. brown.
morisqueta n. cooked rice.
114
moñeca n. doll.
morde v. to bite.
motibo n. motive.
motivo n. motive.
motor n. motorcycle
move v to move.
movida n move, act.
muchas adj. many, much.
muchas gracias thank you.
muchas veces adv. often, many times, frequent.
muchacho n. lad boy.
mucho adj. many, much.
mucho veces adv. often, many times, frequent.
muda v. to put on clothes, to dress up.
mudao adj. dressed up.
mueble n. furniture.
muerte n. death.
muerto adj. dead.
mujer n. girl, woman, lady, wife.
mundo n. world.
munta v. to ride, to embark.
muntao adj. embarked.
muñeca n. doll.
muri v. to die.
museo n. museum.
música n. music.
musikero n. musician
muslo n. thigh
muta n. gummy discharge or secretion in the
corner of the eye
muy adv. very, too.
na prep in, on, at.
nace v to give birth
nacimiento n. birthday.
nación n. nation, country. náda pron. something, anything.
nadá v. to swim.
nalgas n. buttock.
nána n. mother.
naná n. pus.
nangka n. jackfruit.
nariz n. nose.
nativo adj. native.
natural adj. natural.
necesidad n. necessity.
necesita adj. necessary.
necesitao adj., needed.
nega v. to deny, to refuse.
negocia v. to negotiate.
negociante n. businessman, businesswoman.
negocio n. business.
negra adj, black (feminine)
negro adj. black (masculine).
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nervioso adj. nervous.
niuno none of (them, you)
no don't
noche n. night
no hay pron, none.
no hay niuno none of them or you
nombra, to name
nombre name
nota v to notice, to note
nóta n. note.
noticia n. notice, news.
novia n. girlfriend.
novio n. boyfriend.
nuay pron. none.
nuevo adj. new.
numero n. number.
nunca adv. never.
obedece v. to obey, to follow.
obediencia n. obedience.
objectivo n. objective.
objeto n. object.
obligación n. obligation.
obligao adj. obligated.
obra n. work, masterpiece.
observa v. to observe.
obtene v. to obtain.
ocasión n. occassion.
occasionally
occidental
ocuri v. to occur, to happen.
oeste n. West
oficial n. official.
oficina n. office.
ofrenda n. gift, offering.
ohala adv. hopefully.
ohas n. leaf, leaves.
ol (1) v. to hear. (2) intej. hey.
oído n. hearing.
ojala adv. hopefully. ojas n. leaf, leaves.
ojos n. eye, eyes.
ole v. to smell.
olet adv. again.
olor n. smell.
oloroso adj. fragant, sweet, smelling, odorous.
olvida v. to forget.
olvidao adj. forgotten.
omenta v to add.
omentao adj added
ondo adj. deep. ondura n depth
116
operá v to operate
opinion n. opinion
oportunidad n. opportunity
oposición n opposition.
orain time.
oración n prayer
orden in order.
ordena v to order
ordenanza n. ordinance
ordinario all ordinary
orejas n. ear, ears
origen n. origin
original adj. original
orgullo n. pride.
orgulloso adj. proud.
orilla n. side, edge, hem, shore.
oro n. gold.
ortografia n. orthography.
oscuridad n. darkness.
oscuro adj. dark.
otra vez adv. again.
otro n. other
ovario n. ovary
paciencia n. patience.
paciente n. patient.
pader n. wall.
padre n. priest.
paga v. to pay.
pagao adj. paid.
pago n payment
pais n. Country.
pájaro n. bird.
palabra n. word.
palacio n. palace.
palangana n. basin.
palangana n. basin.
palay n. rice grain.
palayao n. nickname.
palito n. stick.
palmadia v. to whack, to slap with an open hand.
pálo n. wood.
paloma n. dove, pigeon.
pan n. bread.
pána n. bow and arrow, arrow.
pantalán n. seaport.
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pantalón n. long pants.
papel n. paper
parque n. park
paquemodo adv. how
paquilaya adv. how.
pára prep. for.
pará v. to stand up, to stop
paradahan n. parking lot, a point where jeepneys line up for loading and unloading of passenger
paraguas n. umbrela.
paralitico adj. paralyzed
parao adj. standing
pari v. to labor, to give birth
pariente n. relative, kinsman
parte n. part.
parti v. to divide, to cut, to slice
partihan v. to share with one another
pasa v. to pass
pasada n. passage, passing, way
pasahe n. fare.
pasahero n. passenger.
pasaje n. fare.
pasajero n. passenger.
pasao adj. passed, spoiled.
pasaporte n. passport.
pasatiempo n. hobby.
pascua n. Christmas
pasea v. to stroll, to go out for a walk.
pasmao adj. palsied.
patada n. kick
pati conj. and
paz n. peace.
peca v. to sin.
pecado n. sin
pecador n. sinner.
pecho n. chest.
pedaso ad. piece.
pega v. to hit
pegao adj. hit
peina v. to comb.
peinao adj, combed.
pelea (1) n. quarrel, conflict, trouble, problem,
fight. (2) v. to quarrel, to fight.
peleahan n, quarrel, confict, trouble, problem,fight
peleajan n. quarrel, conflict, trouble, problem,
peligro n. danger, risk, hazard.
peligroso adj, dangerous, risky, hazardous.
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pelleho n. skin.
pellejo n. skin.
pelo n, hair
pelyahan (1) n. quarrel, conflict, trouble, problem, fight. (2) v. to quarrel, to fight.
pelyeho n. skin.
pena n. penalty; pain, trouble
penoso adj,-grievous, painful, hard
pensa v. to think, to ponder,
pensaba v. thought.
pensamiento n. mind, thought.
pepita n. seed.
peque adj. fake.
perde v. to lose.
perdido adj. gone, lost, abandoned.
perdón n. forgiveness.
perdona v. to forgive.
perdonao adj. forgiven.
perfecto adj, perfect.
performa v. to perform.
perlas n.pearl, pears.
permanente adj, permanent
permiso n. permit, permission.
permiti v. to permit.
pero con, but.
perro n. dog
persecución n. persecution
persona n. person.
personal adj, personal
pesao ad. heavy.
pesca v. to fish.
pescador n, fisherman.
pescao n. fish.
pescueron, neck.
pescuezon. neck.
peso n. peso.
pidi v. to ask, to beg, to seek.
piedra n. stone
pierna n. leg, legs.
ples n. foot, feet.
pija v. to watch carefully.
pijo n. careful watch
pillo adj naughty
pilit v. to stick, to get stuck, to adhere.
pinaka superlative marker (pinoka- quapo)
pinta v. to paint.
pintao adj painted.
pipina v. to pick up.
pirmi adv. Always
pisa v. to step on.
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pisu n, chick
pitikv. to snap one's finger, to flip, to topple
plaito n. fight, conflicto, trouble.
plancha n. iron
planea v. to plan
plano n. plan.
plánta n. factory
plantación n. plantation.
plantao adj. planted.
platito n, small plate.
plato n. plate.
plojo adj, lary.
plojon adj, lary.
pluma n. ballpen.
pobre adj poor
poco adj. little, few.
poco poco adv. little by Little
pogon n. an enclosed chamber in which heat is produced usually for cooking
polvo n. powder
polvos n. powder
pone v. to put, to place.
pono n. tree.
por prep. For
porción n. portion
poreso conj, so.
por favor adv. Please
por que adv. why.
posee v. to possess.
posible adj. possible
posición n. position
positivo adj, positive.
poso n. well, deep well.
postre n. dessert.
postura n. posture.
precio n. price.
preciosa ad. precious.
precioso adj. precious.
120
precura v. to try one’s best to finish, achieve or
obtain something.
predica v. to predict.
prefer v. to prefer.
pregunta (1) n. question. (2) v. to ask a
question.
prepara v. to prepare.
preparación n. preparation.
preparao adj. prepared, ready.
presencia n. presence.
presenta v. to present.
presion n. pressure.
preso n. prisoner, jail.
presta v. to borrow.
prestao adj. borrowed.
pretende v. to pretend.
primer adj. first.
primera adj. first.
primero adj. first.
primo n. cousin.
principia v. to start.
principiando v. starting.
principio n. principle.
prision n. pressure.
prito adj. fried.
privilegio n. privilege.
proba v. to taste, to try.
problema n. problema.
proclama v. to proclaim.
produci v. to produce.
producto n. product.
profeta n. prophet.
profundo adj. profound.
programa n. program.
progreso n. progress.
progresivo adj. progressive.
prohibi v. to prohibit, to forbid.
prohibido adj. prohibited, forbidden.
promesa n. promise.
promete v. to promise.
pronto adj. fast, quick, rapid.
propriedad n. property.
proteje v. to protect.
protesta n. protest.
provecho n. benefit, gain.
provincia n. province.
pruba v. to try, to taste.
prueba n. proof.
121
publico n. adj. public.
pueblo n. town.
puede v. can.
puente n. bridge.
puera adv. aside, aside from.
puerco n. pig.
puerta n. door.
pues adv. so.
puesto n. position, stall, booth, post, place.
pugaran n. nest.
pulis n. policeman, police.
pulmón n. lungs.
pulso n. pulse.
puma v. to smoke.
púnta n. end, tip, peak, point.
puro adj. pure.
pursigui v. to pursue.
que adv. what.
quebra v. to break, to crash, to smash.
quebrantao adj. broken, crashed, smashed.
quebrao adj. broken, crashed, smashed.
queda v. to live, to stay.
quema (1) n. fire, burn. (2) v. to burn.
quemodo adj. how.
quiere v. to want, to like.
querida n. love, dear, sweetheart.
querido n. love, dear, sweetheart.
queso n. cheese.
que tal how are you?
quien adv. who.
quiere v. to want, to like.
quieto adj. quiet, calm, restful.
quita v. to remove, to eradicate.
rabia v. to get angry.
rabiao adj. angry.
radio n. radio.
rama n. branch
rápido adj. rapid, fast, quick.
rasca adj. itchy.
rason n. reason.
rastro n. mark.
raton n. rat, mouse.
realiza v. to realize.
rebelled n. rebel.
rebenta v. to explode.
recibi v. to receive.
reclama v. to complain.
reclamo n. complain.
122
recoje v. to keep, to pick up, to gather.
recoji v. to keep, to pick up, to gather.
recompensa v. to compensate.
reconoce v. to recall.
reconocido adj. recalled.
recuerdo n. remembrance, memory.
referi n. referee.
rega v. to water.
regalo n. gift.
regla n. menstruation.
reina n. queen.
reino n. King.
reis n. roots.
relación n. relation, relationship.
relo n. watch, clock
reloj n. watch, clock.
relojero n. watch repairman.
repiti v. to repeat
reporta v. to report.
representa v. to represent.
resa v. to pray
rescata v. to redeem.
reserva v. to reserve.
reservación n. reservation.
reso n. prayer.
respeta v. to respect.
respetao adj. respected.
respeto n. respect.
responsabilidad n. responsibility.
responsable adj. responsible.
resulta n. result.
resureccion n. resurrection.
reuni v. to reunite
reza v. to pray
rezo n. prayer.
rico adj. rich
rindi v. to offer.
rio n. river.
riqueza n richness.
risas n. llaughter
rizas n. laughter
robo n. robbery, stealing, theft.
rodillas n. knee, knees.
roga v. to wish, to curse.
rompe v. to tear.
ropa n. cloth, shirt.
roto n. hole.
rueda n. tire, wheel
ruta n. route.
sabe v. to know.
saber n. knowledge, learning.
123
sabiondo adj. charlatan.
sabor n. taste.
sabroso adj. delicious tasty
sabut (1) n. agreement (2) v. to make an
agreement
saca v. to get, to take
sacate n. grass.
saco n. sack.
sacrificio n. sacrifice.
sacudi v. to beat, to hit, to punish.
saging n. banana,
sagrao adj. sacred.
saguan n. paddle for small boat.
sal n. salt.
sala v. to sift.
salaan n. sifter.
sale v. to exit, to get out, to move out.
salida n. exit
salta v. to jump.
saltada n. jump.
salud n. health
saluda v. to greet
saludo n. greet
salva v. to save
salvación n. salvation.
salvador n. savior.
salvao adj. saved.
sandalias n. sandle, sandles.
sangga v. to shield, to obstruct for protection,
to cover.
sangre n. blood.
santo n. saint.
saviondo adj. charlatan.
saway v. to stop, to prohibit, so restrain, to
rebuke.
seco adj. dry
secreto n. secret
segundo n. second, seconds
seguro (1) n sureness, certainty (2) adv.
maybe, perhaps
selencio adj. silent
semana n. week
semeha v. to look alike, to look the same.
semehante adj. alike, the same.
semeja v. to look alike, to look the same.
semejante adj. alike, the same
semilla n. seed.
sentencia n. sentence.
separa v. to separate.
separación n. separation.
separao adj. separated
separta v. to separate.
124
separtahan v. to separate from each other.
separtao adj. separated
sequia n. thirst,
sera v. to close
serao adj. closed.
serra v. to close.
serrado adj. closed.
serrao adj. closed.
servi v. to serve.
servicio n. service.
servidor n. server.
siembra v. to plant.
slembrador n. planter, farmer.
siempre of course.
sigi v. to go along with (someone).
significa v. to signify.
significación n. significance.
sigui v. to go along with (someone).
siguidor n. a person who go along with
someone.
siguiente adj. next.
siguiente (1) n. sureness, certainty. (2) adv. maybe,
perhaps.
sila pron. they.
silao (1) ray. (2) adj. dazzling, very bright.
silla n. chair.
similla n. seed.
sin prep. without.
sinceridad n. sincerity.
sindi v. to light up.
sinta v. to sit down.
sinti v. to feel.
sipilla v. to brush.
sirvi v. to serve.
sobaco n. armpit.
sobra (1) n. excess. (2) adj. excessive.
sobre n. envelope.
sobre salta v. to surprise, to shock, to amaze, to
astonish
sobre saltao adj. surprised, shocked, amazed,
astonished.
sobrina n. niece.
sobrino n. nephew.
sucede v. to happen.
soceso n. happening, incidence.
sodor n. sweat.
sofá n. sofa.
sol n. sun.
solamente adv. only, solely.
soldao n. soldier.
125
solo adj. alone.
soltero adj. young.
sombra n. shadow.
soquia v. to punch, to hit using a fist.
sostene v. to sustain.
suba v. to massage.
subay n. ant.
subi v. to go up, to climb.
sublang n. bad wish.
sucede v. to happen.
suceso n. happening, incidence.
sucio n. dirt, waste.
suda v. to sweat.
suegra n. mother-in-law.
suegro n. father-in-law.
sueldo n. wage, salary.
suena adj. loud.
sufri v. to suffer.
sufrimiento n. suffering, torment.
suksuk v. to cram in, to force into.
sumi v. to drown.
sungkit n.
supla v. to blow, to hit, to shoot.
suplica v. to supply.
suput adj. uncircumcised.
sustantivo n. noun.
suut v. to cram in, to force into.
tabo n. dipper.
tai n. feces.
tajia v. to hit using a long heavy single-edge
knife (bolo)
talla adv. there (far)
talli adv. there (near).
tamen adv. also.
tampa adj. pretentious.
tanto adv. really, much. (no hay tanto – not
much).
tapa v. to cover, to protect.
tapao adj. covered, protected.
taqui It’s here.
tarda (1) v. to be slow, to delay. (2) adj. slow,
delayed.
tarde n. afternoon.
tarjeta n. card.
tarta n. cake.
tasa n. small cup.
tata n. father.
taza n. small cup.
tecasin adj. deceptive, deceiving.
126
techo n. roof.
tela n. cloth, fabric.
tembla v. to shake, to quake, to tremble.
temblor n. earthquake.
templao adj. mixed.
templo n. temple.
temperano adv. early.
tenta v. to tease.
tentacién n. temptation, tease.
tercer adj. third.
tercera adj. third.
tercero adj. third.
termino n. term, end.
terrible adj. terible, dreadful frightful,
horrible.
tesoro n. treasure.
testigo n. witness.
tia n. auntie.
tiangge n. market.
tiempo n. wheather, time.
tienda n. store.
tiene v. to have.
tierra n. land, lot, soil.
tijeras n. scissors.
tiit-tiit adv. slowly.
tinapa n. sardines.
tio n. uncle.
tira v. to shoot, to fire
tiro n. shot.
tisud v. to stumble.
toalla n. towel.
toca v. to play (music or instrument).
tocador n. player, instrumentalist.
todo pron. all, everybody, everyone.
toma v. to drink.
tomada n. drink.
tomao adj. drunk.
tonterias n. foolishness, stupidity.
tonto adj. idiot, foolish, stupid, moron.
tormento adj. hard, difficult.
torre n. tower.
tortuga n. turtle.
tos n. cough.
tose v. to cough.
trabaja v. to work.
trabajador n. worker, employee.
trabajo n. work, job, profession.
traga v. to eat (vulgar).
tragon adj. gluttonous.
127
traidor n. traitor.
traje n. attire, outfit, costume, suit, dress.
trambulicao adj. messy, scattered.
trampa n. trap.
trancao adj. closed.
trapo n. rag, wiper.
trata v. to treat.
tratamiento n. treatment.
travera v. to cross.
trinca v. to tie up, to bind, to fasten.
trincao adj. tied up, bound fastened.
tripa n. intestine.
triste adj. sad, lonely.
tristesa n. sadness, loneliness.
tristeza n. sadness, loneliness.
trompeta n. trumpet.
trono n. throne.
trueno n. thunder.
tuba n. coconut wine.
tuca v. to play (music or instrument)
tuhod n. knee, knees.
tumba v. to tumble to fel, to topple.
tumbada n. tumble, fall.
tumpuk n. bunch, group.
tunuk n. thorn.
tupa v. to touch, to hit to make something or
Someone touch or hit another thing or person;
to win.
tustus n. the remaining overcooked rice at the
side or buttom part of the pot, pan or
ricecooker.
tuyo v. to be sleepy.
tuyu v. to be sleepy.
ulam n. viand.
ulan n. rain.
uliji adj. last.
ultimo adj. last, final, end.
ultraja v. to outrage, to offend.
umalin adj. bad, unpleasant, displeasing,
unlovely.
un (1) art. a, an. (2) adj. one.
una adj. first.
unico adv. only
unido adj. united.
universidad n. university.
uno adj. one.
usa v. to use, to wear.
usik v. to waste.
utuk n. brain.
128
uvas n. grapes
uwak n. crow.
uyuk v. to quake, to shake.
uyun (1) v. to be used to; to be accustomed, to
be habituated. (2) adj. used to; accustomed;
habituated.
vaca n. cow.
vacante adj. vacant.
vacio adj. empty.
vale adj. good, peasant, nice, beautiful.
valiente adj. brave, courageous.
valor n. value, price.
variación n. variation.
vaso n. waterglass.
vaya v. to be with.
veces n. times. (Dos veces-two times).
vecinos n. neighbor.
vehiculo n, vehicle.
vena n. vein.
vende v. to sell
vene v. to ask someone to come near or draw near.
veneno n. poison.
venenoso adj. poisonous.
venga v. to avenge, to fight back.
venganza n. revenge.
venida n. arrival, coming, advent.
ventaja adj. advantagous, beneficial, profitable, interesting.
ventilador n. electric fan.
verano n. summer.
verdad n. truth.
verdadero n. truthfulness.
verde adj. green.
verdugo n. tyrant, executioner.
vergüenza n. shame.
vestida n. robe, attire, gown, dress, garment, apparel.
vestido n. robe, attire, dress, garment, apparel.
vez n. time. (Una vez-One time).
viaja v. to travel.
viaje n. travel, trip.
victorioso adj. victorious.
vida n. life.
viejo adj. old.
viento n. air.
vinagre n. vinegar.
vino n. wine.
vinta n. small boat.
violeta adj. violet.
vira v. to return, to come back.
virgen adj. virgin.
129
visia v. to take care, to watch carefully.
visita n. visitor.
visitá v. to visit.
visperas n. eve.
vista n. sight.
visti v. to wear.
viuda n. widow.
viudo n. widower.
viva interj. hurray.
vivi v. to live.
vivo adj, alive.
vocabulario n. vocabulary.
voces n. voices.
volve v. to go home.
vos pron. singular you.
vosotros pron. plural you.
voto n. vote.
voz n. voice.
vulador n. kite.
y conj. and.
ya (1) adv. already. (2) marker for past action.
yagit n. a person who is untidy or unpleasant.
yan marker for past action.
yo pron. I.
zacate n. grass.
zapatos n. shoe, shoes.
zona n. zone.
130
References:
Brown, Douglas H. Principles of Language Learning and Teaching. N.J. Prentice Hall, 1994
De Castro, G. L. Chavacano De Zamboanga: Un poquito EspaÑol. 2019
Yap-Aizon, J.G.R. et al. Riquezas: Chavacano Essays and Studies. 2016
https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Chavacano
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KAGAMITANG PANTURO

Ang Chavacano o Chabacano ay isang pangkat ng wikang kreolo na batay sa Kastila

Mga katutubong nagsasalita na Zamboangueño sa Mindanao

Bahagi kung saan sinasalita ang Chavacano

Uri Tagpuan Katutubong Nagsasalita

Donde tu hay anda?

Ya mirá yo con José.

Ya empezá ele buscá que buscá entero lugar con el sal.

Ya andá ele na escuela.

Si Mario ya dormí na casa.

El hombre, con quien ya man encuentro tu, es

El persona con quien tu tan cuento, bien

Zamboangueño Kastila Tagalog

Ang Chavacano (lalo na ang Zamboangueño) ay may

Hola! Yo si Juan Dela Cruz y 26 y año ya yo.

Tiene yo dos hermano y uno hermana/ Yo el único/a hijo/a na diamon famillia.

Ta queda yo na barrio de Putik, Ciudad de Zamboanga.

Ya gradua na yo na Universidad Estatal de Mindanao de Occidental

El curso que ya acaba yo Bachillerato de Artes na Ingles.

Soltero pa yo (prometido, casado, viudo)

Hello, how are you? What time is it?

Good morning! It's one o'clock in the afternoon.

Good afternoon! It's two o'clock in the afternoon.

Good evening! It's six thirty in the evening.

Goodbye! Today is Saturday.

See you What time is the meeting?

Asking at the store

Do you have special paper?

How much is the long sleeves polo?

How much is this?

How much is the mango per kilo?

Do you want this?

How much is a bouquet of flowers?

Where are the dishwashing liquids?

Where can I find the juice powder?

Where can I find the mobile phone store?

Do you have change?

Can l pay with credit card?

Can I ask for a discount?

I would like to make a reservation.

Could I see the menu?

What do you want to eat?

I'm craving for chilli con carne.

I prefer shrimp and fried chicken.

What dessert do you want?

I want chocolate cake.

How much is the total?

Where is the comfort room?

Mi nombre Juan Dela Cruz. Como jay-yu-a-en-di-e-el-a-si-ar-yu-zi

LETTER NAME LETTER NAME LETER NAME

a like the a in art Examples: adelante, ahora, antes, ansina

Some Chavacano consonants which differ in pronunciation from English are:

b and v have identical sounds in Chavacano. Both sound like b in basket.

Ex. Viernes (Biernes)

c has two sounds:

1. S sound when followed by e or i.

2. K sound when followed by other letters.

ch is considered a single consonant and sounds like the ch in Church.

Ex. cochina, chico, chonggo, leche, lechon

g has two sounds:

1. H sound when followed by e or i.

2. g sound when followed by other letters.

h has two aspects: