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Palmer-Q A - Palmer

Competency Based Assessment 1 (Our Lady of Fatima University)

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PALMER
Situation: As a nurse in charge you noted that a lot of confusion occurs in your unit due to some disorganization.
You decided to improve work performance.

1. A deliberate course of action that results in alteration of something different in a nursing unit is referred to as :
a. Change management
b. Nursing care Systems
c. Specialty certification
d. Nursing process

2. When resistance threatens needed change, what important measure would you use to overcome the
resistance? * PROBLEM SOLVING
a. Send a memorandum of change – LETTER WITHIN ORGANIZATION, GRADUAL
b. Use a problem-solving strategy -
c. Gain early support from staff -
d. Conduct staff re-education -
STEP OF THE CHANGE PROCESS – ANG KAPANGYARIHAN
1. PERCEIVE THE NEED FOR CHANGE – IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM
2. INITIATE A GROUP INTERACTION – IDENTIFY INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL FORCES
STATE THE PROBLEM
IDENTIFY THE CONSTRAINTS
LIST CHANGE STRATEGIES
DEVELOP PLAN FOR IMPLEMENTATION
SELECT OR DEVELOP TOOLS FOR EVALUATION
KEY – THE GROUP
INDIVIDUALLY – TALK TO STAFF PRIVATELY
3. IMPLEMENT PLAN ONE STEP AT A TIME
4. EVALUATE OVER-ALL RESULT
2 ASPECT – TECHNICAL &

3. This is a factor influencing acceptance of staff for change: *

a. Externally imposed
b. Share its benefits
c. Staff participants
d. Planned ahead

4. These are important qualities of a change agent except: *

a. Leadership skills
b. Sociability
c. Credibility
d. Management skills

5. A nurse manager who establishes connection in the outside institution is utilizing what power? *
a. Legitimate
b. Referent
c. Coercive
d. permissive

6. The ability of a manager to give incentives to his members to be able to motivate them to perform is using what
power? *
a. Expert
b. Information
c. Self
d. reward

7. A person who has the ability to obtain, retain and motivate his workers because of the position he is holding
inside the organization is utilizing what power? *
a. Connection
b. Referent
c. Legitimate

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d. Coercive

8. Having to deal with a lot of people, the nurse manager’s most important communication skill is which of the
following? *
a. Questioning
b. Assertiveness
c. Affirmation
d. Listening
BUDGET – FOCUSES ON REVENUES & EXPENSES/INCOME & CASHFLOW
CAPITAL BUDGET
OPERATIONAL BUDGET
PERSONNEL BUDGET – SALARY (FULLTERM)/
CASH BUDGET

9. A project would need physical expansion of the hospital so that a mammography unit will be included. However,
the Hospital Director suggested to include this in 2021 budget planning for reason that thi s type of budget is
considered in: *
a. Operational budget
b. Capital expenditure budget
c. Cash budget
d. Flexible budget

10. Nurse Laila is the project head for a feeding program; she requested extra funds in anticipation for fluctuations
in resource needs or meet contingency expenses. This type of budget is called: *
a. Operational budget
b. Capital expenditure budget
c. Cash budget
d. Flexible budget

11. Which of the following is NOT included in the Operational budget? *

a. Repairs and maintenance
b. Medical/surgical supplies
c. Purchase of a major equipment
d. Purchase of consumable materials

12. She decides to illustrate the organizational structure. Which of the following elements is NOT included? *
a. Level of authority
b. Lines of communication
c. Span of control
d. Unity of direction
MANAGEMENT – GOALS

13. She plans of assigning competent people to fill the roles designed in the hierarchy. Which process refers to
this? *
a. Staffing
b. Scheduling
c. Recruitment
d. Induction

14. Which phase of the employment process includes getting on the payroll and completing documentary
requirements? *
a. Orientation
b. Induction
c. Selection
d. Recruitment
ORGANIZATION – JOB DESCRIPTION

15. She decides to have a decentralized staffing system (MARAMI ANG NG DECIDE). Which of the following is an
advantage of this system of staffing? *
a. greater control of activities

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b. Conserves time
c. Compatible with computerization
d. Promotes better interpersonal relationship

16. Leadership is best defined as a process of *

a. Coercion
b. Interpersonal dynamics
c. Influence
d. Passive learning

17. Mr. Cabrido gives strong orders, makes decisions and thinks less of his subordinates. He is a leader who is: *
a. Autocratic –
b. Laissez-faire
c. Democratic – FOCUS ON LEADER/ BEST TIME IS EMERGENCY
d. bureaucratic – SUNDIN MO IF ANA SA BOOK/ BOOKISH

18. When the situation calls for compliance of the followers to ensure the success of the activity, the best
leadership style that Nurse Beng will use is: *
a. Laissez-faire
b. Autocratic
c. Democratic
d. authorative

19. A leader who defers decision making to his or her followers is called what type of leader? *
a. Laissez-faire
b. Democratic
c. Authocratic
d. Employee-centered

20. What kind of communication style should a nurse manager should possess? *
a. Passive
b. b. Assertive
c. c. Aggressive
d. d. Sarcastic

21. Management process involves five functions which follow the following sequence: *
a. Planning, staffing, organizing, controlling, directing
b. Planning, organizing, directing, staffing, controlling
c. Organizing, planning, directing, staffing, controlling
d. Planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling

22. Which of the following statements about management is true? *

a. It focuses on clinical excellence
b. It tends to attract people who like quiet, routine work without interruptions
c. It focuses on issues such as cost, productivity, effectiveness, and staffing
d. It is synonymous with leadership

23. The management function that involves determining the objectives of an organization and tasks needed to
complete objectives is *
a. Staffing
b. b. Directing
c. c. Planning
d. d. Controlling

24. Chief Nurse Vera and Nurse Supervisor Victoria developed a five year staff development plan. Which type of
planning are they engaging in? *
a. Strategic planning
b. Operational planning – SHORT TERM/ ANNUALLY, BENEFIT” POPULATION
c. Shot range planning

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d. Visual planning

25. Which plans extends from a few months to a year? *

a. Strategic planning – LONG TERM
b. Operational planning
c. Short range planning
d. Visual planning

26. Planning, technically, can be considered as long term when the coverage ranges: *
a. 1-3 years
b. b. 3-5 years
c. c. 5-7 years
d. d. 7-10 years

27. The purpose of organizational structure is to: *

a. Have a written plan of organizational structure of her governing bodies
b. Explain to each member the line of authority
c. Inform all her staff members of the philosophy and goals of the institution
d. Provide mechanism through which tasks are distributed among members for goal realization

28. As the manager of the unit, you play an important role in the orientation of a new employee. Which of the
following is NOT true about orientation programs? *
a. It minimizes likelihood of rule violations.
b. It fosters feelings of belonging and acceptance.
c. It provides the new employee an opportunity for promotion.
d. It promotes enthusiasm and morale.

29. The morning supervisor was visiting the ward when the doctor of a patient complained to her about the staff
nurse who failed to give the “stat” medication. Applying the principle of “line of authority”, you expected the
supervisor to first: *
a. Reassure the patient that next time the nurse will not miss the medication
b. Report the incident to the chief nurse
c. Ask the staff nurse to explain the incident
d. Talk to you as the head nurse about the doctor’s complaint
NURSING CARE SYSTEM
1. CASE NURSING – 1 IS TO 1 – OLDEST METHOD
2. FUNCTIONAL – U ACK ACCDG TO FXN
3. TEAM NURSING – MADAMI ANG NURSES ND PATIENT
4. PRIMARY NURSING – 1 NURSE PT RATIO: 1 NURSE PER SHIFT:5/6 PT
5. MODULAR NURSING – GEOGRAPHICAL
6. CASE MGT – LONG TERM TREATMENT

30. A new nursing graduate is attending an agency orientation regarding the nursing model of practice
implemented in the facility. The nurse is told that the nursing model is team nursing approach. The nurse
understands that planning of care delivery will be based on which characteristic of this type of nursing model of
practice? *
a. A task approach method is used to provide care to clients – FXNAL NURSING
b. A single registered nurse (RN) is responsible for providing nursing care to a group of clients - PN
c. Managed care concepts and tools are used in providing client care – CASE MGT
d. Nursing personnel are led by an RN leader in providing care to a group of clients

31. Which of the following is a major managerial responsibility of the head nurse? *
a. See to it that the ward is clean
b. Join the doctor’s during their rounds
c. Set standar of performance among staff nurses
d. Provide bed side nursing care to selected clients

32. In considering the line of authority, the Incident report must be submitted first with which of the following? *
a. Head nurse
b. Supervisor

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c. Co-staff nurse
d. Nursing director

33. You delegate to the nursing assistant the task of taking the client’s vital signs every 2 hours and recording the
vital signs in the patient’s chart. Later you check the client’s chart and discover that the vital signs have not been
recorded. What is your BEST action? *
a. Take the vital signs because it is not the nursing assistant’s scope of practice
b. Speak to the nursing assistant privately to determine why the vital signs were not recorded
c. Notify the head nurse
d. Call the nursing assistant to the nurses’ station to reprimand

34. Several nurses complain to the nurse manager that one of the nursing aides constantly takes extensive lunch
breaks (PROBLEM SOLVING). The nurse manager should: *
a. Convene a group meeting of all nursing aides to review their responsibilities related t o time management.
b. Talk with nursing aide to explore the reasons for the behavior and review expectations
c. Arrange a meeting with the nurse so they can confront the nursing aide as a group
d. Document the nursing aide’s behavior and place it in the aides personnel file

35. When conflicts arise in the unit, the best thing that the unit manager should do is: *
a. Discuss with the situation with the group and make a move to resolve it .
b. Ignore the situation
c. Give warning to staff
d. Recommend shifting of the staff

36. Desirable goals for a nurse manager include all of the following EXCEPT: *
a. Select a style of leadership that works best for the individual and to practice it exclusively
b. Use a style of leadership that promotes high – level work performance
c. Use a style of leadership that creates the least amount of disruption
d. Adopt a leadership style that best suits the task to be accomplished

37. Katherine tells one of the staff, “I don’t have time to discuss the matter with you now. See me in my office
later” when the latter asks if they can talk about an issue. Which of the following conflict resolution strategies did
she use? *
a. Smoothing
b. Compromise
c. Avoidance
d. Restriction
CONFLICT
1. CONFLICT – RESOLUTION STRATEGIES
AVOIDANCE
DOMINANCE & SUPPRESSION
RESTRICTION POWER
MAJORITY RULE
SMOOTHING
COMPROMISE
CPOLLABORATION

38. She notes that there is an increasing unrest of the staff due to fatigue brought about by shortage of staff.
Which action is a priority? *
a. Evaluate the overall result of the unrest
b. Initiate a group interaction
c. Develop a plan and implement it
d. Identify external and internal forces.

39. Kathleen knows that one of her staff is experiencing burnout. Which of the following is the best thing for her to
do? *
a. Advise her staff to go on vacation.
b. Ignore her observations; it will be resolved even without intervention
c. Remind her to show loyalty to the institution.

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d. Let the staff ventilate her feelings and ask how she can be of help.

40. St. Raphael Medical Center just opened its new Performance Improvement Department. Ms. Valencia is
appointed as the Quality Control Officer. She commits herself to her new role and plans her strategies to realize the
goals and objectives of the department. Which of the following is a primary task that they should perform to have
an effective control system? *
a. Make an interpretation about strengths and weaknesses
b. Identify the values of the department
c. Identify structure, process, outcome standards & criteria
d. Measure actual performances
4 BASIC STEPS
1. DEVELOP STANDARDS AND CRITERIA -NO EVALUATION
3 TYPES OF STANDARD – SPO (STRUCTURE, PROCESS, OUTCOME)
2. DETERMINE COMPLIANCE TO STANDARD AND CRETEIA
NURSING AUDIT – NSG FOCUS
RETROSPECTIVE – EVALUATE PT CHART
PERFOMANCE APPRAISAL
INFORMAL
FORMAL
3. IDENTIFY STRENGTH & WEAKNESS
4. ACT TO REINFORCES STRENGTHS & TO TAKE CORRECTIVE ACTIONS ON THE WEAKNESSES (2 ASPECTS)

41. Ms. Valencia develops the standards to be followed. Among the following standards, which is considered as a
structure standard? *
a. The patients verbalized satisfaction of the nursing care received - OUTCOME
b. Rotation of duty will be done every four weeks for all patient - STRUCTURE
c. All patients shall have their weights taken recorded - PROCESS
d. Patients shall answer the evaluation form before discharge - OUTCOME

42. She knows that performance appraisal (STANDARD) consists of all the following activities EXCEPT: *
a. Setting specific standards and activities for individual performance.
b. Using agency standards as a guide.
c. Determine areas of strength and weaknesses
d. Focusing activity on the correction of identified behavior.

43. Which of the following statements is NOT true about performance appraisal? *
a. Informing the staff about the specific impressions of their work help improve their performance.
b. A verbal appraisal is an acceptable substitute for a written report
c. Patients are the best source (OBSERVATION) of information regarding personnel appraisal.
d. The outcome of performance appraisal rests primarily with the staff.

44. She conducts a 6-month performance review session with a staff member. Which of the following actions is
appropriate? *
a. She asks another nurse to attest the session as a witness.
b. She informs the staff that she may ask another nurse to read the appraisal before the session is over.
c. She tells the staff that the session is manager-centered.
d. The session is private between the two members.

45. When she presents the nursing procedures to be followed, she refers to what type of standards? *
a. Process
b. Outcome
c. Structure
d. Criteria

46. Ms. Valencia prepares the process standards. Which of the following is NOT a process standard? *
a. Initial assessment shall be done to all patients within twenty four hours upon admission. PROCESS
b. Informed consent shall be secured prior to any invasive procedure - PROCESS
c. Patients’ reports 95% satisfaction rate prior to discharge from the hospital. - OUTCOME
d. Patient education about their illness and treatment shall be provided for all patients and their families. PR

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47. Which of the following is evidence that the controlling process (STANDARD) is effective? *
a. The things that were planned are done
b. Physicians do not complain.
c. Employees are contended
d. There is an increase in customer satisfaction rate.

48. A critical component of the supervisory process is delegation. Which of the following is the most empowering to
the staff? *
a. Delegation starts at top management
b. Delegation frees the manager to do other task
c. Effective delegation requires the nurse manager to determine the abilities of the staff - EVALUATION
d. Delegation enables the staff to improve competence and confidence

49. Nurse Mary is the head nurse and tells Nurse Fatima her staff nurse what to do. What kind of communication is
this? *
a. Upward communication – BABA GALING
b. Downward communication – TAAS GALING
c. Lateral communication
d. Diagonal communication
KINDS OF COMMUNICATION
VERTICAL – SUPERIOR SUBORDINATES
HORIZONTAL - SAME POSITION
DIAGONAL –

50. Nurse Jane is coordinating with the OR department for a scheduled surgery of one of her patients. This kind of
communication is? *
a. Upward Communication
b. Grapevine
c. Diagonal communication
d. Lateral communication

51. In planning activity he should consider the following as the initial step. *
a. Prepare the budget
b. Make a schedule of the activity
c. Formulate objectives and develop strategies of the program
d. Determine job description of members

52. When responsibilities have to be delegated to the member, the manager must: *
a. Ensure that the member is capable of doing the task
b. Supervise the new members all the time
c. Perform the task based on the acceptable standard
d. Let the member write an accident report in case of mistakes

53. He was asked how the staff will be evaluated. He probably will show them the following EXCEPT: *
a. Performances Evaluation sheet
b. Performance Checklist
c. Ranking Device
d. Nursing Audit

54. Performance appraisal consists of the following activities, EXCEPT: *

a. Setting specific standards for individual performances
b. Determining areas of strength and weakness
c. Focusing the criticisms made for the staff
d. Basis of determining progression or deterioration

55. The registered nurse is planning to delegate tasks to unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP). Which of the
following task could the registered nurse safely assigned to a UAP? *
a. Monitor the I&O of a comatose toddler client with salicylate poisoning
b. Perform a complete bed bath on a 2-year-old with multiple injuries from a serious fall
c. Check the IV of a preschooler with Kawasaki disease

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d. Give an oatmeal bath to an infant with eczema

56. A nurse in charge in the pediatric unit is absent. The nurse manager decided to assign the nurse in the
obstetrics unit to the pediatrics unit. Which of the following patients could the nurse manager safely assign to the
float nurse? *
a. A child who had multiple injuries from a serious vehicle accident
b. A child diagnosed with Kawasaki disease and with cardiac complications
c. A child who has had a nephrectomy for Wilm’s tumor
d. A child receiving an IV chelating therapy for lead poisoning

57. The most traditional method of nursing care delivery is: *

a. Case method
b. Functional method
c. Team nursing
d. Primary nursing

58. A mother requested for a nurse to take care of her daughter who has systemic lupus erythematosus at home.
What patient assignment supports this? *
a. Primary
b. Functional
c. Case method
d. Team nursing

59. You noticed that one of the senior nurses is assigning a patient care based on the concept of allocation of
specific duties to her staff nurses. This would be a characteristic of: *
a. Case method nursing
b. Primary Nursing
c. Functional nursing
d. Team nursing

60. The nurse in the medication unit passes the medications for all the clients on the nursing unit. The head nurse
is making rounds with the physician and coordinates clients’ activities with other departments. The nurse assistant
changes the bed lines and answers call lights. A second nurse is assigned for changing wound dressings; a licensed
practitioner nurse takes vital signs and bathes the clients. This illustrates of what method of nursing care? *
a. Case management method
b. Primary nursing method
c. Team method
d. Functional method

Situation: The practice of primary nurse in primary nursing is preferred by many nurses because it suppor ts
professional autonomy and accountability of the nurses

61. What is the function of the primary nurse in primary nursing? *

a. acts as patient advocate and coordinate the health care team for specific group of patients
b. act as the charge nurse, organizing staff assignments and help in solving problem in the unit
c. plans and coordinate the patient care assigned to her from admission to discharge
d. coordinates the care given to a group of patients by support staff

62. Primary nursing is MOST advantageous and satisfying to the patient and nurse because of which of the
following principles? *
a. autonomy and authority for planning care are best delegated to a nurse
b. accountability is clearest since our nurse is responsible for the overall plan and implementation of care
c. the holistic approach provides for a therapeutic relationship continuity of care and efficient nursing care
d. continuity of patients care promotes efficient nursing care.

63. Which is the role of the associate nurse in primary nursing? *

a. over-all manager of the unit
b. responsible for the over-all care of the patient during off days of primary nurse
c. patient advocate in the health care team
d. coordinator of comprehensive, holistic patient care

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64. In primary nursing, the nurse is responsible for which of the following group of patient?1:5/6 *
a. the whole ward
b. small group of patient like 3-5 patients
c. big group of patients like 10-15 patients
d. the whole unit

65. In primary nursing who among the following is needed to her leadership and quality control in the ward? *
a. the chief nurse
b. the head nurse
c. The nurse supervisor
d. The service director

Situation: MJ is chosen to be a part of the research team of the hospital and as a researcher she made a review of
the following important nursing concepts was made.
IMPT OF RESEARCH IN NURSING
PROFESSIONALISM
ACCOUNTABILITY
SOCIAL RELEVANCE OF NSG
RESEARCH & DECISION MAKING
ULTIMATE GOAL
-TO IMPROVE THE PRACTICE OF THE PROF

66. As a professional nurse, MJ knows that a nurse can do research for varied reason except: *
a. To improve nursing care
b. For financial gains
c. Professional advancement through research participants
d. To validate results of new nursing modalities

67. MJ was asked to identify a problem. After the identification of the research problem, which of the following
should be done? *
a. Methodology - 3
b. Formulate hypothesis - 2
c. Review of related literature - 1
d. Acknowledgement - 4

68. Which of the following methods allows the use of any group of research subject? *
a. Snowball
b. Convenience
c. Quota
d. Purposive
SAMPLING PLANS
NON – PROBABILITY SAMPLING (NON RANDOM)
CONVENIENCE OR ACCIDENTAL SAMPLING – ACCIDENTAL, IKAW ANG NANDIYAN IYAN NA
QUOTA SAMPLING – LIMIT
PURPOSIVE/JUDGMENTAL SAMPLING –
SNOWBALL SAMPLING – REFERRAL
PROBABILITY SAMPLING
SIMPLE RANDOM SAMPLING – MAY CHANCE (LOTTO)
STRATIFIED RANDOM SAMPLING – MAY GROUP
CLUSTER SAMPLING –
SYSTEMATIC SAMPLING – NTH

69. He checks if his instruments meet the criteria for evaluation. Which of the following criteria refers to the
consistency or the ability to yield the same response upon its repeated administration? *
a. Validity - MEASURES
b. Reliability
c. Sensitivity – DETECT SMALL VARIANCES
d. Objectivity

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70. Which criteria refer to the ability of the instrument to detect fine differences among the subjects being
studied? *
a. Sensitivity
b. Reliability
c. Validity
d. Objectivity

71. Which of the following terms refer to the degree to which an instrument measures what it is supposed to be
measured? *
a. Validity
b. Reliability
c. Meaningfulness
d. Sensitivity

72. If a person participating in a research study refuses to continue participating (ACCEPT), what should a nurse
do? *
a. Respect his right to refuse
b. Respect his right but tell him you will withhold treatment
c. Respect his right but do not give his honorarium
d. Refer the matter to the author of the study

73. The device or techniques an investigator employs to collect data is called? *

a. Instrument
b. Hypothesis
c. Sample
d. Concept

74. The use of another person’s ideas or wordings giving appropriate credit results from inaccurate attribution of
materials to its sources. Which of the following is referred to when another person’s idea is inappropriate credited
as one’s own? *
a. Paraphrase
b. Quotation
c. Assumption
d. Plagiarism

75. When a researcher in a qualitative study chooses the participants based on what they may be able to contribute
to the study, the sampling method selected is called as: *
a. Cluster sampling
b. Quota sampling
c. Snowball sampling
d. Purposive sampling

76. The information that an investigator collects from the subjects or participants in a research study is usually
called: *
a. Concept
b. Variable
c. Hypothesis
d. Data
COLLECT – ASSUMES – HYPOTHESIS (TENTATIVE PREDICTION)

77. Which of the following quantitative research designs is most appropriate if Noel, a nurse investigator assigned
in a City Health Office, is interested to determine the relationship between social class and nutritional status of
children under 6 years of age living in Metro Manila? *
a. Case control
b. Descriptive correlational
c. Experimental
d. Quasi-expiremental

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OPINION(QUALITY) – EXPLORATORY - SURVEY

MANIPULATION – ANYTHING THAT IS GIVEN (THERAPY, HEALTH TEACHING)

EXPERIMENTAL – RANDOM,
QUASI - NON RANDOM (NON PROBABILITY)
DESCRIPTIVE – GENERAL TERM
Historical – PAST ISSUES
CASE STUDY – CASE IN DEPTH OR IN DETAIL
METHODOLOGICAL – METHODS & PROCEDURE
ANALYTICAL – PRESENT ISSUES

78. The independent variable in said study is: *

a. Social class
b. Children
c. Age
d. Nutritional status
1. PPOPULATION – ALL CHARACTERISTICS
2. SET – 2 OR MORE SETS – CONCENTRATE
CHARACTERISTICS: DIFF=I.V
- 1 SET – GO BACK TO HYPOTHESIS & ASK (WHAT IS BEING STUDIED)
I.V – FIXED – SET MANIPULATION
D.V – VARY

79. While the dependent variable is: *

a. Social class C. Age
b. Children
c. Age
d. Nutritional statuS

80. Which is the best tool for data gathering for this study? *
a. Interview schedule
b. Questionnaire
c. Observation
d. Use of physiologic measurement

81. The sampling method that is most appropriate to give each element of the population the probability to be
included in the study, “Relationship between social class and nutritional status of children under 6 years of age
living in Metro Manila”, is: *
a. Simple random sampling
b. Systematic sampling
c. Stratified sampling
d. Cluster sampling

82. Since Metro Manila is a big area for the study, Noel can do successive random sampling to choose the district
from where he can eventually select the study sample. This type of sampling is: *
a. Simple random sampling
b. Systematic sampling
c. Stratified sampling
d. Cluster sampling

83. The nutritional status of children in the study, “Relationship between social class and nutritional status of
children under 6 years of age living in Metro Manila”, is determined by ‘weight by age’. Weight is an example of
what level of measurement? *
a. Nominal – NAME (MARITAL, ANNULED….)
b. B. Ordinal – ORDER (RANKING)
c. C. Interval –
d. D. Ratio – TEMP, HR, BP

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84. The sex of the children included in the study, “Relationship between social class and nutritional status of
children under 6 years of age living in Metro Manila”, will be classified as male and female. This measurement is: *
a. Nominal
B. Ordinal
C. Interval
D. Ratio

85. The social class variable includes “education” with the possible choices given as: 1. Elementary level 3. High
school level 2. Elementary graduate 4. High school graduate The above set of choices is an example of what level of
measurement? *
a. Nominal
b. Ordinal
c. Interval
d. Ratio

86. Client’s rights should be protected when doing research using human subjects. These rights below are correct
EXCEPT *
a. right of self-determination
b. right not to be harmed
c. right to compensation
d. right of privacy

87. As experimental research designs have their strengths, so does non -experimental researches. Which of the
following statements is NOT one of the strengths of non-experimental designs - WITHOUT? *
a. less expensive
b. easier to gain cooperation of study subjects
c. can be completed in a short span of time
d. useful for predictive purposes – CAUSE & EFFECT

88. Which of the following studies is based on quantitative (MEASURES) research? *

a. A study examining the bereavement process in spouse or clients with terminal cancer
b. A study exploring the factors influencing weight control behavior
c. A study measuring the effects of sleep deprivation on wound healing
d. A study examining client’s feelings before, during and after bone marrow aspiration

89. Which of the following studies is based on qualitative research? *

a. A study examining clients reaction to stress after open heart surgery
b. A study measuring nutrition and weight loss/gain in clients with cancer
c. A study examining oxygen levels after endotracheal suctioning
d. A study measuring differences in blood pressure before, during and after the procedure

90. Which of the following research designs would be appropriate for this study if MJ wants to find out a cause and
effect relationship between the structured discharge plan and the compliance to home care regimen among the
subjects? *
a. True experiment
b. Descriptive
c. Quasi-experiment
d. corelational

91. From the hypothesis, “Compliance to home care regimen is greater among patients who received the structured
discharge plan instructions than those who received verbal discharge instructions.” Which is the independent
variable in the study? *
a. Verbal instructions
b. Discharge plan instructions
c. Compliance to home care regimen
d. Patients

92. Which is the dependent variable in the study? *

a. Verbal instructions
b. Discharge plan instructions
c. Compliance to home care regimen

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d. Patients

Situation: Mastery of research design determination is essential in passing the NLE.

93. Community A was selected randomly as well as Community B. Nurse Beth conducted teaching to Community A
and assess if Community A will have a better status than Community B. The design best suited for this study is: *
a. Comparative
b. Correlational
c. Experimental
d. Descriptive

94. Ricky researched on pneumonia. Its transmission, causative agent and factors, treatment, signs and symptoms
as well as medication and all other in depth information about pneumonia. This study is best suited for which
research design? *
a. Survey
b. Historical
c. Analytical
d. Case Study
TIME FRAME
1. CROSS SECTIONAL
2. LONGITUDINAL
3. RETROSPECTIVE
4. PROSPECTIVE – STUDY OF THE PRESENT …..
95. Marlon is always eating high fat diet. You want to determine what will be the effect of high cholesterol food to
Marlon in the next ten years. You will use: *
a. Comparative
b. Longitudinal
c. Correlational
d. Historical

96. Joseph is to perform a study about how nurses perform surgical asepsis during WWII. A design best for this
study is: *
a. Historical
b. Case Study
c. Descriptive
d. experimental

97. Melinda conducts sampling at barangay 156. She collected 100 random individuals and determine who is their
favorite comedian actress. 50% said Eugene Domingo, 20% said Ai Ai, while some answered Ruffa Mae Quinto,
Candy Pangilinan, Tuesday Vargas. Melinda conducted what type of research study? *
a. Case Study
b. Quasi-Experimental
c. Analytical
d. Survey

98. Sheena researched on the development of a new way to measure intelligence by creating a 100 item
questionnaire that will assess the cognitive skills of an individual. The design best suited for this study is; *
a. Historical
b. Survey
c. Methodological
d. Case Study

Situation: MJ is chosen to be a part of the research team of the hospital and as a researcher she made a review of
the following important nursing concepts was made.
Option 1

99. As a professional nurse, MJ knows that a nurse can do research for varied reason except: *
a. To improve nursing care
b. For financial gains
c. Professional advancement through research participants
d. To validate results of new nursing modalities

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100. Which of the following communicate the results of the research to the readers? They facilitate the description
of the data. *
a. Tables and graphs
b. Statistics
c. Hypothesis
d. Research problem

101. In the value: 85, 76, 93, 88, 90; what is the mean? *
a. 85.5
b. 86.4
c. 87
d. 93

102. In the value: 86, 85, 91, 91, 85, 83, 87, 85; what is the mode? *
a. 88
b. 85
c. 91
d. 87

103. Draw lots, lottery, table of random numbers or a sampling that ensures that each element of the population
has an equal and independent chance of being chosen is called: *
a. Simple
b. Stratified
c. Cluster
d. systematic

104. MJ wants to determine some of the problems that are experienced by diabetic patients when using an insulin
pump. She went into a clinic where he personally knows several diabetic clients having problem with insulin pump.
The type of sampling done by MJ is called: *
a. Quota
b. Snowball
c. Purposive
d. incidental

105. If she implemented a new structured counseling program with a randomized group of subjects and a routine
counseling program with another randomized group of subjects, the research is utilizing which design? *
a. Experimental
b. Comparative
c. Quasi-experimental
d. Methodological

106. In the hypothesis: “Taller people and people with higher caloric intake weigh more than shorter people and
those with lower caloric intake.” Which is the dependent variable of the study? *
a. Height and weight
b. Height and caloric intake
c. Weight and caloric intake
d. Weight

107. Which is the independent variable of the study? *

a. Height and weight
b. Height and caloric intake
c. Weight and caloric intake
d. Weight

108. In the hypothesis: “Patients receiving warmed solution for body cavity irrigation during surgical procedures
will maintain a higher core body temperature than patients receiving a room temperature solution.” Which is the
independent variable in the study? *
a. Surgical procedures
b. Solution for body cavity irrigation

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c. Core body temperature

d. Temperature of the room

109. Which is the dependent variable in the study? *

a. Surgical procedures
b. Solution for body cavity irrigation
c. Core body temperature
d. Temperature of the room

110. “Women who have participated in Lamaze classes request pain medication during labor less often than women
who have not taken these classes.” Which of the following is the independent variable? *
a. Request of pain medication
b. Women in labor
c. Attendance in Lamaze classes
d. Labor

111. Which of the following is the dependent variable? *

a. Request of pain medication
b. Women in labor
c. Attendance in Lamaze classes
d. Labor

Situation: After 5 years of working as a staff in the medical ward, you were asked by the chief nurse to be part of
the team that will undertake a hospital wide research on costing of nursing service. You recall that one of the first
lessons in your research class is the method by which knowledge is based on
TALES – TRIAL & ERROR,
112. Having worked in the emergency ward for 6 months, you are convinced that crisis intervention is one of those
services for which a nurse can charge professional fee. This knowledge is based on: *
a. Scientific Method
b. Experience
c. Consulting expert
d. Trial and error

113. While working in the ICU, the head nurse and supervisor conducted a small scale study “The effects of Music
Therapy on Pain Relief among Selected Patients in ICU.” The knowledge obtained from his activity is through: *
a. Scientific method
b. Trial and error
c. Experience
d. Tradition

114. The research team learned that some of the nursing services of few hospitals are already approved for costing
and are about to be submitted to Department of Health for approval. The team invited the proponents of the study
“Determination of Cost of Nursing Services in Hospital A”, for information. The knowledge obtained from this
activity is through: *
a. Experience
b. Consulting expert
c. Trial and error
d. Tradition

115. One of the problems encountered by the other members of the research team concerns bed sore. In one unit,
it was learned that they tried using the bark of banana to line the skin where possible pressure sore is suspected.
Eventually, they tried water pads to lessen pressure on the affected part. The knowledge obtained in this situation
is through *
a. Trial and error
b. Scientific method
c. Tradition
d. Experience

116. One member of the research team used to be assigned in the Reproductive Health Clinic of the OPD. The
nurses in that clinic were trained on infection control and for a long time have not been using disinf ectant solution
for the sterile pick up forceps. Instead, they just keep it in a dry sterile container after use and have a new sterile

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pick up forceps and sterile dry container every day. The knowledge of keeping the pickup sterile in this manner has
been through. *
a. Trial and error
b. Scientific method
c. Consulting Expert
d. Tradition

Situation: Melissa plans to conduct a study about nursing practice in the country. She decides to refresh her
knowledge about the different types of research in order to choose the most appropriate design for her study.

117. She came across surveys, like the Social Weather Station and Pulse Asia Survey. Which of the following is the
purpose of this kind of research? *

a. Obtains information regarding the prevalence, distribution, and interrelationships of variables within a
population at a particular time
b. Get an accurate and complete data about a phenomenon
c. Develop a tool for data gathering
d. Formulate a framework for the study

118. Melissa reads about exploratory research. Which of the following is the purpose of doing this type of
research? *
a. Inductively develops a theory based on observations about processes involving selected people
b. Makes new knowledge useful and practical
c. Identifies the variables in the study
d. Finds out the cause and effect relationship between variables
1. PHENOMENOLOGICAL – EXPERIENCE
2. GROUNDED THEORY – DEVELOP A THEORY = WALA PANG THEORY KASI C RESEARCHER PA
3. CASE STUDY
4. ETHNOGRAPHIC – ETHNIC/ STUDY OF CULTURES, BELIEFS, PRACTICES AND TRADITION

119. She reviews qualitative design of research. Which of the following is true about ethnographic study?
a. Develops theories that increase the knowledge about a certain phenomenon
b. Focuses on the meanings of life experiences of people
c. Deals with patterns and experiences of a defined cultural group in a holistic fashion
d. In-depth investigation of a single entity

120. She knows that the purpose of doing ethnographic study is to: *
a. Understand the worldview of a cultural group
b. Study the life experiences of people
c. Determine the relationship between variables
d. Investigate intensively a single entity

121. Alyssa wants to learn more about experimental design. Which is the purpose of this research? *
a. Test the cause and effect relationship among the variables under a controlled situation
b. Identify the variables in the study
c. Predicts the future based on current intervention
d. Describe the characteristics, opinions, attitudes or behaviors of certain population about a current issue or
event

122. One of the related studies that she reads is a phenomenological research. Which of the following questions is
answered by this type of qualitative research? *
a. “What is the way of life of this cultural group?”
b. “What is the effect of the intervention to the dependent variable?”
c. “What is the essence of the phenomenon as experienced by these people? ”
d. “What is the core category that is central in explaining what is going on in that social scene?”

123. Ms. Ajina wants to know the coping abilities of female patients who are newly diagnosed to have terminal
cancer. She has decided to focus on the meaning of their experiences of coping. Which of the following types of
research design is most appropriate? *
a. Ethnography
b. Phenomenology

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c. Grounded theory study

d. Case study

124. Other studies are categorized according to the time frame. Which of the following refers to a study of variables
in the present which is linked to a variable that occurred in the past? *
a. Prospective design
b. Cross sectional study
c. Retrospective design
d. Longitudinal study
INFERENTIAL STATISTICS – POP = SET
1. ANOVA – 3 OR MORE – 1V
2. CHI-SQUARE 1 BOX – 2 OR MORE – FREQUENCY
3. T-TESTS
1. STUDENT T-TEST – 2 LANG – 1 V
2. PAUIRED T-TEST – 1 BOX = DEP GROUP/RESULTS
PEARSON PRODUCT MOMENT OF CORRELATION – 1BOX – 2 OR MORE V = INT/RATIO
BEFORE & AFTER – PAIRED – NUMBERS (PEARSON)
125. An investigator wanted to determine if there is a significant difference in the mean systolic blood pressure of
10 women before and after oral contraceptive use for 3 months. The appropriate statistical test for significance of
this study is: *
a. Analysis of variance
b. Student t-test
c. Chi-square analysis
d. Paired-test

126. Considering the said study, what is the independent variable of the study? *
a. Systolic
b. Oral contraceptive
c. Mean systolic blood pressure
d. women

127. If the investigator studied the relationship between the timing of hemodialysis and the levels of daytime
sleepiness, what appropriate statistical treatment would be significant for this study? *
PAG WALANG BINAGGIT NA POP – 1 LANG
a. Analysis of variance
b. Student t-test
c. Chi-square analysis
d. Paired t-test

128. Considering the hypothesis for the study is; “The timing of hemodialysis is not related to the levels of daytime
sleepiness of patients in the renal unit.” What is the independent variable in the study? *
a. Patients in the renal unit
b. Renal disorder
c. Levels of daytime sleepniss
d. Timing of hemodialysis

129. What is the dependent variable in the study? *

a. Patients in the renal unit
b. Renal disorder
c. Levels of daytime sleepiness
d. Timing of hemodialysis

130. The investigator would like to compare the levels of postpartum depression in three groups of women: middle-
class white mothers of term infants, middle-class white mothers of preterm infants, and low-income African-
American mothers of term infants. The appropriate statistical test for significance of this study is: *
a. Analysis of variance
b. Student t-test
c. Chi-square analysis
d. Paired t-test

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131. In considering the above study, what is the dependent variable/s of the study? *
a. Race, term of infants and levels of postpartum depression
b. Postpartum depression
c. Race, term or infants and economic status
d. Postpartum depression, term of infants and economic status

132. What is the independent variable/s of the study? *

a. Race, term of infants and levels of postpartum depression
b. Postpartum depression
c. Race, term of infants and economic status
d. Postpartum depression, term of infants and economic status

133. If an independent variable is weight gain during pregnancy and the dependent variable is infant birth weight,
the appropriate test statistic is a(n): *
a. t-test
B. ANOVA
C. Chi-square
D. Pearson r

134. The independent variable is race (Caucasian/African-American) while the dependent variable is pulse rate.
What is an appropriate statistical test? *
a. t-test
B. ANOVA
C. Chi-square
D. Pearson r

135. To compare the mean BP of teachers before and after semester, which statistical tests will be used? *
a. t-test
b. ANOVA
c. Standard deviation of blood pressure
d. Pearson product moment correlation

136. A good researcher needs to examine the ethical implications of her research. The code of research ethics
which requires informed consent in all cases involving human subjects is the: *
a. Belmont Report
b. Helsinki Code
c. Nuremberg Code
d. Code of Ethics

137. The Belmont report summarizes the basic ethical principles which include the following EXCEPT: *
a. Beneficence
b. Respect for Human Dignity
c. Justice
d. confidentiality

138. One knows that only competent people should conduct research and that in the process, subjects are assured
of protection from harm. This primary ethical principle is: *
a. Beneficence
b. Respect for Human Dignity
c. Justice
d. Informed consent

139. Once a researcher has fully described to prospective study participants the nature of study, their rights to
refuse participation and likely risks and benefits that would be incurred, he has done: *
a. Full disclosure
b. Informed consent
c. Fair treatment

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d. debriefing

140. The last act of informed consent is said to have been fulfilled when: *
a. Adequate information about research has been given
b. The subject has understood the information
c. The subject has voluntarily consented (or declined) to participate in the study
d. The subject has voluntarily signed the consent form

141. Fair and non-discriminatory selection of subjects for research is an important aspect of what ethical
principle? *
a. Respect for human dignity
b. Beneficence/Non maleficence
c. Justice
d. Confidentiality
142. What right do research participants have if they are exercising their autonomous rights? *
a. Right to justice
b. Right to beneficence
c. Right to self determination
d. Right to privacy

Situation: Mark is a nurse doing research works in a tertiary hospital. She is assigned for data collection about the
incidence of infection among admitted patients.

143. Mark found out that one of the midwives(INITIAL DOSE) in their health center injected Penicillin to a 6 year
old child without the consent of the parents. The midwife will be accused of? *
a. Negligence
b. Battery
c. Assault
d. malpractice

144. Mark is taking care of a client with sexually transmitted disease. If he divulges information about his client, he
may be liable for: *
a. Libel
b. Tort
c. Slander
d. Breach of confidentiality

145. Bea’s job includes collecting secretions from the surgical site of the patients. One of her patient refused,
however she insisted and proceed to do the collection. She would then be liable for: *
a. Slander
b. Invasion of privacy
c. Battery
d. assault

146. Two of the security guards are assigned in screening patients entering the hospital. Bea overheard them
discussing the case of an HIV suspect. Which is an appropriate action to be done by the nurse? *
a. Ask the two if there is something they need to be clarified about
b. Ignore the two guards as this is not against the hospital rules
c. Advise them that it is not right to discuss the case of any patient
d. Inform the supervisor about what she heard

147. One of the patients confided that his companion is not the legal wife. Bea will be held liable if she divulge the
information to others, otherwise known as: *
a. Assault
b. Libel
c. Breach of confidentiality
d. Slander

148. Two utility personnel were having heated argument as to who shall dispose the infectious wastes of a patient
with typhoid fever. The first one calling the second one with names “like lazybones, incompetent and pain in the

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neck,” within the hearing distance of the rest of the nurses. If the latter decides to file a case against him, what
kind of case would he likely file? *
a. Negligence
b. Incompetence
c. Libel
d. Slander

149. Should the above case be written in a newsletter of the hospital, such liability known as? *
a. Slander
b. Malpractice
c. Libel
d. assault
150. Mr. Hiroshima is a Japanese national, suspected of SARS and advised to be confined in a negative pressure
room with strict protective gadgets of the health workers taking care of him. He vehemently resented being
confined in that room. Moreover, he was denied of accepting visitors. He threatened to sue the hospital. Which case
should he file? *
a. Illegal detention
b. Battery
c. Incompetence
d. Defamation

DIRTY TASK – UNLICENSED

COERCION – JURIS, INTIMEDATION
THERAPEUTIC COMMUNICATION – LAGYAN MO NG FEELINGS
PURE EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH – TRU EXP.

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