LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

NAME OF STUDENT:
PROGRAM/YR/SECTION:
INSTRUCTOR:
MODULE 8

TOPIC – MUSIC

8.1 The Origin of Music and its Role in our lives

8.3 The Elements of Music
8.4 The Essentials in Song Writing
8.5 The Different Music Genres
8.6 Classification of Musical Instruments

TIME FRAME: 5 hrs.

INTRODUCTION

Music is essential to many of our lives. We listen to it when waking up, while in transit, at work,
and with our friends. For many, music is like a constant companion. It can bring us joy and
motivate us, accompany us through difficult times, and alleviate our worries.

Music is much more than mere entertainment. It has been a feature of every known human
society—anthropologists and sociologists have yet to find a single culture throughout the course
of human history that has not had music. In fact, many evolutionary psychologists today make
the argument that music predated language. Primitive tribes and religious practices have used
music to reach enlightened states for thousands of years, and Pythagoras used music to heal

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LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
different psychological and physical ailments. Currently, cutting-edge scientific research has
shown the effect that music has on the brain, the individual, and society.

Not only does music reach us on intellectual, social, and emotional levels, but many describe it
as spiritual or mystical. The use of melodic, harmonic, and rhythmic devices in music can induce
a psychological state in both the musicians and the listener that is beyond words to describe.
Music can bring us back to ourselves, be our mirror, and show us a side of ourselves that we
may have long forgotten or never knew existed.

Even though we are constantly exposed to music in our daily lives, we rarely stop to actually
think about what it is. After all, what exactly is music?

Fundamentally, music is a combination of sounds, and sound is vibration. One of the most
succinct definitions of music comes from the Italian composer Ferruccio Busoni, who said,
“Music is sonorous air.” It's extraordinary to think that a simple vibration unseen by the human
eye can facilitate a deeply rich emotional experience, alter perception and consciousness, and
induce ecstatic states of being. What is the process by which these sonic vibratory frequencies
are heard by the listener, creating a profound psychological experience for them? How does
something as fleeting as "sonorous air" have such a healing and therapeutic effect on people?
And how does it facilitate personal growth?

OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lesson, students are expected to:

• Recognize the origin and importance of music;

• appreciate the role of music in people’s lives;
• discuss the essentials in song writing;
• show understanding of the different music genres;
• identify the various classifications of musical instruments; and,
• compose a song depicting the life of students.

PRE-TEST

Song Analysis. Listen to any of these songs (pick only one for the activity). 1. Liability by Lorde
2. High Hopes by Panic! At the Disco 3. Maskara by Eraserheads. You can listen any of these
songs on Youtube, Spotify and other music streaming platforms then answer the ff. questions:

1. What song can you relate most and why did you choose it?
2. What type of music is it (blues, classical, folk, jazz, military, patriotic, rap, religious, rock, etc.)
3. How do you feel this song connects with your generation?
4. What is the singer’s style? How does that style affect the feeling or mood of the song?
5. What do you think the creator might have wanted the audience to think or feel?

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LEARNING ACTIVITIES

Assigned Reading/text

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LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY

SELF-EVALUATION

Essay. Write your OWN insights regarding the questions asked.

1. How will you explain the importance of Music in people’s lives?

2. What Original Pinoy Music (OPM) do you like most? Why?

3. What Foreign Music do you like most? Why?

4. As a musician, what musical instrument/s would you like to play? Why?

5. If you are given the opportunity to join a song contest, what theme (focus) of the song would
you like to develop? Why?

REVIEW OF CONCEPTS

A cappella – vocalist performing without accompaniment

Accelerando – similar to the word ‘accelerate’, this term is used to describe gradual increase in
the tempo
Accents – notes played louder than normal to give it a distinctive beat. These are usually
played to compliment other musicians or to make the current beat more expressive
Allegro – indicates to play lively and fast
Arpeggio – a broken chord, involves playing the notes of separately and consecutively, rather
than all together
Andante – indicating to play at medium, walking pace
Atonal – music that has not been written with regard to any specific key or tonality
Bar – this is a music technology term used to describe a unit that measures time decided by
amount of beats in the time signature. For example if the bar 2/4 the bar would include 2 counts
Beat – unit of musical rhythm
Canon – is a type of composition that employs a melody followed by imitations of it played after
some sort of duration
Choir – a group of singers singing simultaneously aka chorus
Chord – 3 or more notes played in harmony
Click Track – similar to metronome, this is used to keep the correct time, especially useful for a
drummer to develop a natural sense of time
Common Time – the 4/4 time signature. This is commonly used in most genres of music,
sometimes indicated in sheet music as ‘’C’’ which stands for common time

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LEARNING MODULE SURIGAO STATE COLLEGE OF TECHNOLOGY
Conductor – a director of a group of performers. The conductor indicates temp, dynamics and
phrasing within a piece using a variety of gestures and facial expressions
Concerto – a musical piece written for a solo instrument
Crescendo – a gradual increase in volume and intensity in a piece of music
Development – where the main melody proceeds on to a different one, commonly found in
Sonata form
Diminuendo – also known as decrescendo is a decrease in loudness or intensity within a piece
of music.
Dissonance – an interval/chord that lacks in harmony and therefore sounds harsh and
discordant. It can sometimes occur before resolving itself with a harmonious chord/interval
Dynamics – expressing the loudness, softness and different levels of intensity of a music piece.
Indicated through symbols in a piece of music specifying volume
Flat – a symbol indicating the key is diminished by a half a tone (semitone)
Forte – a symbol indicating to play loud
Glissando – sliding between notes, particularly popular on a piano, especially during
improvisations
Harmony – an ear-pleasing combination of at least two notes played simultaneously. This also
refers to chord progressions
Homophony – a piece of music written to be sung or played in unison
Impromptu – mainly an improvisational, short piece of music
Interval – the distance between two notes
Key – scale of notes/tonality named after the key (1st) note
Key signature – flats/sharps at the beginning of the piece indicating the tonality and key it is
written in
Legato – a musical articulation technique that indicates the notes are played or sung smoothly,
evenly and connected. On a piano this can also be achieved by some help from the sustain
pedal
Libretto – a book of text with words of an opera
Maestro – refers to a particularly outstanding musician
Major – a tonality that has a positive, uplifting character
March – a piece of music written in marching two-step time. Originally used for military events
Measure – this is a music theory term referring to space of time decided by amount of beats in
the time signature
Metronome – a metronome is used to keep and develop a sense of time for musicians. A
metronome can be set to any tempo and some can be set to also play smaller measures of the
bar such as 8th notes, 16th notes etc
Mezzo – stands for ‘inbetween’, for example mezzo soprano range is between soprano and alto
or mezzo forte would be louder than piano but not quite as loud as forte and so on
Minor – the opposite of major tonalities, minors have a more sombre and darker character
Moderato – moderate
Motif – leading or primary melody that is developed further in a piece of music
Musicology – study of many forms, methods and history of music
Natural – a symbol in sheet music that returns a note to its original pitch after it has been
altered by flats or sharps

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Notation – developed in 8th century, refers to different methods of writing/scoring music
Octave – begins and ends with a keynote and incorporates 8 full tones (Latin ‘octa’ = eight)
Opera – a musical drama where lines are sung rather than spoken
Ostinato – repeated phrase
Phrase – a musical sentence
Piano – and indicator in sheet music to play softly, quietly
Pitch – a frequency determining how high or low a note sounds
Poco – a little
Polyrhythm or Cross Rhythms – these refers to playing 2 contrasting rhythm patterns
simultaneously.
Polyphony – a combination of different but harmonising melodies played at the same time
Polytonality – two or more keys played simultaneously
Portamento – a milder form of glissando
Presto – indicating that the piece of music is to be played very fast
Progression – a movement of chords/intervals
Rallentando – gradually getting slower
Recital – a piece of music written for a solo instrument without accompaniment
Register – in other words, the range of an instrument or voice
Relative major/minor – majors and minors that share the same notes within a scale. In majors,
you will find a relative minor on the 6th note of the major scale and in minors you will find the
relative major on the 3rd note of the minor scale
Rhythm – element of music that keeps the time and supports other instruments using accented
and unaccented beats
Root – the key note of a triad/chord
Scale – consecutive notes based on a tonality or mode either ascending or descending. There
are many alternative variations and types to major and minor scales
Sharp – a sharp indicates that a note is raised by a semi tone
Slide – another word for glissando or portamento. Slide can also refer to the moving part of a
trombone
Slur – a curve over/underneath notes to indicate that they are to be played legato
Sonata form – a complex piece of music that usually starts from exposition, followed by
development and recapitulation
Staccato – a form of musical articulation that involves playing notes sharply and detached or
separated from others
Symphony – a piece written for an orchestra, commonly in sonata form
Tempo – indicates speed
Theme – a leading melody or an idea in a piece of music
Time Signature – a numeric at the start of the piece indicating a number of beats per bar
Tone – the intonation, pitch and character of a piece of music expressing the feeling and
attitude
Treble – playing or singing in the upper range
Triad – a combination of three notes consisting of root note (first), third and the fifth notes of the
scale or mode
Tuning – altering of the pitch in order to produce the correct tone

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Unison – two or more notes/voices being sung/played simultaneously
Vibrato – common in singing, vibrato refers to slight variation in pitch to create a reverberating,
fuller sound
Instrumental/Vocal ranges
Instrumental range – below is a basic chart of approximate note range for the most popular
classical instruments against a piano. This may vary depending on the instrument and
specification.

POST-TEST

Song Composition. Compose a song depicting the life of the students. Compositions can be in
English, Tagalog, or any Filipino language/dialect.

Criteria:

Song Structure and Composition – 30 %

Lyrics - 50 %
Originality – 20 %
TOTAL - 100 %

REFERENCES

Ramos, Arnulfo B. (2018). Art Appreciation for the New General Education Curriculum. First
Edition. 65 Arellano St., Davao City: SMKC Printshoppe

https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-power-music/201608/what-is-music-exactly/

https://www.normans.co.uk/blog/2014/04/musical-terms-glossary-general/

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