Direction Lab BSF - Equine Musculoskeletal System

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เอกสารประกอบบทปฏิบัติการ รายวิชา Body Structure and Function

หัวข้อ Equine Musculoskeletal system


สอนโดย อ.ดร.น.สพ. ณัฐวุฒิ นุชประยูร
ฐานที่ 1 Live Horse/Pony
Bone:
Forelimb
Proximal part
- scapula, humerus, radius and ulna (fused)
Distal part
- 2nd metacarpal bone (splint bone - medial)
- 3rd metacarpal bone (cannon bone)
- 4th metacarpal bone (splint bone - lateral)
- proximal sesamoid bones
- proximal phalanx (short pastern, first phalanx, P1)
- middle phalanx (long pastern, second phalanx, P2)
- distal phalanx (coffin bone, third phalanx, P3)
- distal sesamoid bone (navicular bone)
Hindlimb
Proximal part - pelvis, femur, patella, tibia and fibula (fused)
Distal part – same as forelimb

Joints:
Forelimb – shoulder, elbow, carpal, fetlock, pastern, coffin
Hindlimb – hip, stifle, tarsal (hock), fetlock, pastern, coffin
Note: coffin joint อยู่ในกีบ ไม่สามารถจับให้ขยับได้
Axial skeleton
- 7 cervical vertebrae, 18 thoracic vertebrae (with 18 ribs), 6-7 lumbar vertebrae, 5
sacral vertebrae, 15-21 coccygeal vertebrae
- Hip: tuber coxae, tuber sacrale, sacroiliac joint
- Back muscle: longissimus dorsi
- Tendon and Ligament: nuchal ligament (laminar/funicular), supraspinous ligament

Nerve at distal limb


Palmar nerve, metacarpal nerve (metatarsal nerve), digital nerve

Reciprocal apparatus: hock and stifle can flex together


Peroneus tertius, Gastrocnemius muscle, superficial flexor musculotendon unit

Injection site
ฐานที่ 2 Specimen
Carpal joint:
- ภายในประกอบด้วย ข้อต่อ 3 ข้อ ไล่จาก proximal ไป distal ได้แก่ radiocarpal joint,
intercarpal joint, carpometacarpal joint
- ภายในประกอบด้วย กระดูก 7 ชิน้ ไล่จาก medial ไป lateral ได้แก่
First row: radiocarpal bone, intercarpal bone, ulnar carpal bone
Second row: second carpal bone, third carpal bone, fourth carpal bone,
accessory carpal bone

Tarsal joint:
ภายในประกอบด้วย ข้อต่อ 4 ข้อ ไล่จาก proximal ไป distal ได้แก่ tibiotarsal joint,
proximal intertarsal joint, distal intertarsal joint, tarsometatarsal joint
ภายในประกอบด้วย กระดูก 7 ชิน้ ไล่จาก medial ไป lateral ได้แก่
First row: talus, calcaneus
Second row: central tarsal bone, fourth carpal bone
Third low: First and second tarsal bone (fused), third tarsal bone,
fourth tarsal bone
หมายเหตุ – fourth tarsal bone วางตัวอยู่ทงั้ ใน second and third row

Tendon and Ligament: carpal joint and distal limb


Extensor group: extensor carpi radialis (dorsal aspect), common digital extensor
(carpal/tarsal joint: dorsolateral aspect, below carpal/tarsal joint: change to dorsal aspect of
cannon bone), extensor retinaculum (transverse alignment at the middle of carpal/tarsal joint)
Flexor group: superficial digital flexor tendon, deep digital flexor tendon, inferior check
ligament (accessory of deep digital flexor tendon), suspensory ligament (separate to extensor
processes at fetlock area)
Patellar ligament
Medial / middle / lateral patellar ligament
Note: ตาแหน่งของ medial patellar ligament มักเกิดปั ญหา upward patellar fixation

Hoof
Coronary band, periople, hoof wall, navicular area, laminar, P1, P2, P3, lateral cartilage
Navicular area: navicular bone, navicular bursa, superficial digital flexor tendon, deep
digital flexor tendon, cushion pad

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