MARY THE QUEEN COLLEGE OF QUEZON CITY

Rd. 44, Commonwealth Ave., Diliman, Quezon City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

S.Y. 2023-2024 | 2ND SEMESTER
WEEKLY LEARNING PLAN
Teacher Ma Shiela A. Floresca, LPT Grade Level & STEM 12- A,B,C,D and E
Section
Teaching Date (Week 3) Learning Area General Biology 2
Quarter Fourth Quarter
Content Standard The learners demonstrate an understanding of plant and animal Organ System
and their Functions
Performance Standard The learners should be able to Develop a presentation (e.g. role-playing,
dramatization and other forms of multimedia) to show how an organism
maintains homeostasis through the interaction of the various organ systems
in the body.
Learning Competencies The learners compare and contrast the following processes in plants and animals:
reproduction, development, nutrition, gas exchange, transport/ circulation,
regulation of body fluids, chemical and nervous control, immune systems, and
sensory and motor mechanisms. STEM_BIO11/12-IVa-h-1

Content Processes in Plants and Animals (Gas Exchange and Transport/Circulation)

Objectives At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to:
1. state some basic principles in gas exchange;
2. describe the structures for gas exchange in plants and animals;
3. describe the organs in the human respiratory system and their roles;
LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
Teacher’s General Biology II Teacher’s Guide pp. 151-165
Guide Pages
Learner’s Dela Peña, Renato Jr., Gracilla, Daniel and Pangilinan, Christian. 2016. General
Material Pages Biology. Pasay City: JFS Publishing Services
B. Other PPT, Whiteboard, Marker
Learning
Resources
PROCEDURES
Preliminaries • Greetings
• Prayer
• Attendance

Reviewing previous
lesson or presenting Review for the Previous Topic:
the new lesson Cite the nutritional requirements of plants and animals

Activity (Motivation)
Breathing and Exercise

Background and Information:

Normal breathing rates from 12-25 times per minute. In this activity,
you will compare you breathing rate at rest to your breathing rate after exercise.

Procedure:

1. Sit quietly and breathe for one minute. While you are doing this,
count the number of breaths (in and out is one count) you take.

2. Run in place for 30 seconds. Then sit down and again have your
partner count the number of breaths you take for 1 minute. Record this number
in the data table.

3. Run in place for 1 minute. Sit down and have your partner count the number
of breaths in 1 minute. Record this number in the data table.
Observations:
 Activity Rate

Resting

After 30 seconds of
exercise
After 1 minute of exercise

Analysis:
1. How did exercise affect your breathing rate?

2. What other factor besides exercise might influence your normal breathing
rate?

3. Did you notice any other way your breathing changed with exercise?
Give a possible reason for this change?

Analysis (Discussion) Carbon dioxide may appear to be a waste product of respiration in plant
cells, but carbon dioxide may be a by-product because it is used in
photosynthesis. Plant cells must have carbon dioxide available in them while the
oxygen gas must be eliminated. Gas exchange is an important process in the
metabolism of energy, and gas exchange is an essential prerequisite for life.

Diffusion through a moist membrane is the fundamental process of gas

exchange. Diffusion is the movement of molecules in the direction following the
concentration gradient, from a region of greater concentration to a region of lower
concentration. The molecules travel through cell membranes in living systems,
which are constantly moistened by fluid.

Plants

While plants are complex organisms, they exchange their gases with
the atmosphere. Water moves through the tissues of aquatic plants and
provides the means for the exchange of carbon. Air enters the tissues of
terrestrial plants, and the gases diffuse through the moisture that bathes
the inner cells.

An abundant supply of carbon dioxide must be available in the

leaves of the plant, and oxygen from photosynthesis must be released.
Gases do not pass through the leaf cuticle; they pass through pores called
stomata in the epidermis. On the lower surface of the leaf, stomata are
numerous and usually open during the day when the rate of photosynthesis
is highest. The opening and closure of stomata are due to physiological
changes in the

.
 Animals
Gas exchange follows the same general trend in animals as in plants.
Oxygen and carbon dioxide diffuses across moist membranes. The exchange
happens directly with the environment in simple animals. The exchange
between the environment and the blood happens with complex
organisms, such as mammals. The blood transports oxygen to deeply
embedded cells and transports carbon dioxide out of the body.

Oxygen and carbon dioxide are transferred by earthworms directly

through their skin. Oxygen diffuses into tiny blood vessels on the surface of
the skin where it mixes with hemoglobin, a red pigment. Hemoglobin loosely
binds to oxygen and brings it across the bloodstream of the animal.
Hemoglobin transports carbon dioxide back to the blood.

Terrestrial arthropods have a set of openings on the surface of the

body called spiracles. Spiracles open into tiny air tubes called tracheae,
which grow into fine branches that reach into all areas of the body of the
arthropod.

Fishes use external extensions of the surface of their body, called gas
exchange gills. Gills are tissue flaps which are richly supplied by blood vessels.
This attracts water into its mouth and through the gills as a fish swim. Oxygen
spreads through the gill's blood vessels from the water, while carbon dioxide exits
the blood vessels and enters the water flowing through the gills.

There are well-developed respiratory systems with lungs for terrestrial

vertebrates such as amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals. In their lungs,
frogs swallow air, where oxygen diffuses the blood to bind with hemoglobin in the
red blood cells. By means of their skin, amphibians can exchange gases as well.
To provide increased surface space for gas exchange, reptiles have folded lungs.
Rib muscles aid the expansion of the lungs and protect the lungs from damage.

Birds have in their lungs large air spaces called air sacs. The rib cage
spreads apart when a bird inhales, and a partial vacuum is created in the lungs.
Air flows into the lungs and then into the air sacs, where much of the exchange
of gas takes place. This method is the adaptation of birds to the rigors of flight
and their enormous metabolic requirements.
 Mammalian lungs are classified into millions of microscopic air sacs called
alveoli (the singular is alveolus). A rich network of blood vessels for transporting
gases surrounds each alveolus. Furthermore, mammals have a dome-shaped
diaphragm that separates the thorax from the abdomen, providing a separate the
chest cavity for breathing and blood circulating. The diaphragm contracts and
flattens to create a partial vacuum in the lungs during inhalation. With air, the
lungs fill, and gas exchange follows.

The Human Respiratory System

Gas exchange between the external atmosphere and the circulatory system
of an organism is the primary feature of the respiratory system. This exchange
combines the oxygenation of blood with the removal of carbon dioxide and other
metabolic waste from circulation in humans and other mammals.

The key respiratory system organs work primarily to provide oxygen for
cellular respiration to body tissues, extract carbon dioxide from the waste product,
and help preserve acid-base balance. Sections of the respiratory system are also
used for non-vital purposes, such as odor detection, voice generation, and stress,
such as during childbirth or coughing.

In order to help you breathe, the respiratory system has several different
parts that function together. Your airways deliver your lungs with air. Your airways
are a complex structure, like your:

• Mouth and nose: Openings that pull air from outside your
body into your respiratory system.

• Sinuses: Hollow areas between the bones in your head

that help regulate the temperature and humidity

of the air you inhale.

• Pharynx (throat): Tube that delivers air from your

mouth and nose to the trachea (windpipe).

• Trachea: Passage connecting your throat and lungs.

• Bronchial tubes: Tubes at the bottom of your windpipe that

connect into each lung.

• Lungs: Two organs that remove oxygen from the air and pass it into
your blood.

From your lungs, your bloodstream delivers oxygen to all your

organs and other tissues.

Muscles and bones help move the air you inhale into and out of your
lungs. Some of the bones and muscles in the respiratory system
include your:

• Diaphragm: Muscle that helps your lungs pull in air and push it
out

• Ribs: Bones that surround and protect your lungs and heart
 When you breathe out, your blood carries carbon dioxide and other
waste out of the body. Other components that work with the lungs
and blood vessels include:

• Alveoli: Tiny air sacs in the lungs where the exchange of oxygen
and carbon dioxide takes place.

• Bronchioles: Small branches of the bronchial tubes that lead to the

alveoli.

• Capillaries: Blood vessels in the alveoli walls that move oxygen and
carbon dioxide.

• Lung lobes: Sections of the lungs – three lobes in the right lung and
two in the left lung.

• Pleura: Thin sacs that surround each lung lobe and separate
your lungs from the chest wall.

Some of the other components of your respirator system

include:

• Cilia: Tiny hairs that move in a wave-like motion to filter dust

and other irritants out of your airways.

• Epiglottis: Tissue flap at the entrance to the trachea that closes

when you swallow to keep food and liquids out of your airway.

• Larynx (voice box): Hollow organ that allows you to talk and
make sounds when air moves in and out
Abstraction
(Developing mastery – It’s time to check your understanding! Answer the following activities in a
leads to Formative separate sheet of paper.
Assessment)
Activity: Sentence completion.

Directions: Answer the following questions. Use the word bank below to
answer the questions.

Exhale muscles diaphragm

air sacs mouth cilia

inhale brain

1. When we air enters the body through the nose and

mouth.

2. Mucous and work to trap dirt and germs before we

inhale.

3. The helps draw air into the lungs.

4. The structure where the respiratory system and the circulatory system
meet is the_______ .

5. The controls the rate of breathing

 Application (Finding
practical applications At this point, you are now ready to apply the concepts of gas exchange in
of concepts and skills our current pandemic situation. Aware that viruses can enter the body through
in daily living) the respiratory passages, you are tasked:

to create catchy reminders to protect ourselves from transmitting the

Covid-19 virus. You may include images to highlight what you want to convey.
Post your output in your Facebook wall. Make a screenshot and send the
picture to your teacher. (20 points)

Assessment
Read each question carefully then select the correct answer from the given choices.

1. Which gas is released by plants during aerobic respiration?

A. Carbon dioxide B. Hydrogen
C.Nitrogen D. Oxygen
2. Which structure in plants allow gas exchange?
A. Chloroplast B. Guard cells
C. Stomata D. Epidermis
3. What organ in animals release carbon dioxide from the body?
A. Lung B. Intestine
C. Kidney D. Throat
4. Which muscles contract to bring about respiration?
A. Cardiac B. Diaphragm
C. Pulmonary D. Pelvic
5. When you breathe, what is taken in?
A. Air B. Carbon dioxide
C. Oxygen D. Nitrogen

Agreement/Additional Assignment:
Activities/Learning Write in your Notebook.
Extension Answer the following question.

What are Xylem transport Syste and The Phleom Transport System

Prepared by:

MA. SHIELA A FLORESCA, LPT

Instructor

Checked by:

ANALEZA C. ERA, LPT

Senior High School Coordinator

SHAIRA DG. ATIENZA, LPT

Vice Principal

Noted and Approved by:

DR. JAMES PHILLIP MONSERATE

School Principal