INTELLIGENCE BASED GARBAGE RECYCLABLE LINE FOLLOWER ROBOTIC

VISVESVARYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI-590014, KARNATAKA.

“INTELLIGENCE BASED GARBAGE RECYLABLE LINE FOLLOWER

ROBOTIC "

Project Phase -1 Review - 2

Submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements of 7th semester of B.E
Course during the year 2023-2024
SUBMITTED BY:
ANJALI(3GN20EC007)
BASAVAKUMAR(3GN20EC011)
MEENAKSHI(3GN20EC028)

UNDER THE GUINDANCE OF

Dr.PRADEEP KARANJE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

GURU NANAK DEV ENGINEERING COLLEGE BIDAR, KARNATAKA.

ACADEMIC YEAR 2023-2024

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 INTELLIGENCE BASED GARBAGE RECYCLABLE LINE FOLLOWER ROBOTIC

VISVESVARYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY

BELAGAVI-590014, KARNATAKA.

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
This is Certified that the Preliminary project Review Report on topic “Intelligence based
garbage recyclable line follower robiticS”, a Bonafide work carried by
Anjali(3GN20EC007),Basavakumar(3GN20EC011),Meenakshi(3GN20EC028) and
in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree B.E 7thsemester
course in ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING by
VISVESVARAYA TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY, BELAGAVI during the
year 2023-2024.

Dr.Pradeep Karanje Dr. Savita soma/ Prof. Namartha Dr.Kishan Singh

(Projct Guide) (Projct Coordinators) HOD(ECE Dept)

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CONTENTS

CHAPTER 1 PAGE NO

Introduction …………………………………………… 06

CHAPTER 2

Literature Survey and Problem Statement………………… 07-16

CHAPTER 3

Block Diagram and Explanation…………………………… 17-21

References…………………………………………………… 22-23

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CHAPTER-1
INTRODUCTION
Dustbin is a most common and essentially used in all the places. If the garbage gets filled,
we can remove the wastes in the dustbin. Here we have pointed out a new proposed model,
which keeps moving in the crowded area to give access to the people who want to dispose
something. Moving smart bin can be connected along with a microcontroller which is build
with Arduino Uno board that is interconnected along with LCD and IR sensor.

An Echo sonic system is positioned at the pinnacle of the waste bin that allows you

to come across the presence of obstacle approaching closer to the dustbin and stops it and

while the impediment moves it starts the movement of the bin. Arduino will be programmed
and it gets intimation, if the waste bin is filled, the closing peak from the terminal height
given to IR sensor could be displayed. When the trash arrives at the limit level the dustbin
naturally moves to the main location for disposal.

Now bothering about the dustbins monitoring and clearance, the public dustbins
fixed at each commune leads to a great troubles. Due to insufficient workers and improper
work of wages employees the proper clearance of garbage bin suffers. Although
municipality has a responsibility to maintain hygiene of society, falling environment toxic
waste, running the germ-free surrounding etc. Environment pollution is the beginning of

contaminants into the society that provide destruction or embarrassment to people or other
living organisms. So far there is no appropriate listening system on the functioning of labors
who ever running in that field

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CHAPTER-2
LITERATURE SURVEY & PROBLEM STATEMENT

2.1LITERATURE SURVEY
[1] Line Follower Based Smart Moving Dustbin for Smart Cities Saranya S*,
Vigneshwaran S** International Journal of Scientific Research and Engineering
Development-– Volume 3 Issue 2, Mar-Apr 2020 Available at www.ijsred.com

The growing industrial revolution and inventions lead to advancement in technology and
emergence of smart cities which creates a need for smart solid waste management. Moving
Smart dustbin is a new idea that can manage the wastes in the smart cities. In this, the
ordinary dustbin is made smart by using sensor systems. The obstacles are find using
Ultrasonic sensor, load sensor is used to measure the weight of the garbage, smell sensor is
used to detect the unpleasant odor, level of the dustbin can be detect using Infrared sensor
and this sensor helps the dustbin to move in the predefined path. The status of the dustbin

is updated using Liquid Crystal Display for the users. As soon as the level detector is high,
the dustbin will automatically move in the predefined path to reach the main garbage area
with the help of line follower robot and empties the dustbin by dumping the waste in garbage
area. In this moving smart dustbin, Strain Gauge load cell is used, which converts strain into
the electrical signal. The power generated from the wastes are given to the sensors, which
are used in the smart dustbin. This system is designed based on IOT, so the messages
regarding dustbin will be sent to the corporation. The dustbins related data are supervised
by the developed website. The prototype obtained seems to be attractive and by using the
solar panel for charging the battery we could save a lot of power and automate the city. But
there are lots of issues in designing a smart technology and in future we may go for Bluetooth
or Zigbee modules for movement.

[2] GARBAGE MONITORING AND CLEARANCE USING ROBOTS P. Raja1,

C. Janani2, A. Thivya3 Email: 1rajashruthy@gmail.com, 2c.jananichandru@gmail.com,
3thivyaanbu@gmail.com Received: 18.05.2020 Revised: 15.06.2020 Accepted: 04.07.2020

The main intention of our nation is to make an environment and pollution free society.

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Improper garbage clearance makes great pollution in the atmospheres which are dangerous
to the living organisms. Recent technologies becoming more helpful for the humans just the
same our proposed system handle the garbage clearance in the great way. This system named
Garbage monitoring and clearance using robots has an ultrasonic sensor attached with the
bin lid shares the garbage level as data to the robot which it tracks the bin by line follower
technique and identify the filled bin through RFID scanning then dispose the garbage from
that bin.

[3] Dr. Sumalya MN, Dr. Kavitha GR, Smart Robotic Arm Based Waste Segregation
System, International Journal Science, Engineering and Management (IJSEM), 2020.

Waste segregation is a simple method of reducing the amount of waste dumped

into our landfills. Large amount of recycle waste in different category are not segregated
properly. A solution to this is Automated Waste Sorter and robot waste deliver system
are intended to automate the sorting process of wet, dry and metallic waste. In this system
at first the IR sensor is used to detect the waste in front of the smart bin. Along with this we
integrate a robot system to deliver the process of collecting the waste that is to be sorted by
the AWS, to minimize the human interference. The robot arm system is composed of dc
motors and gear drivers that is able to mechanically pick up the waste and put it at platform
which consists of sensors like moisture sensor to detect dry and wet wastes, also proximity
sensor to detect metallic waste and based on coding rotate the slotted bin to dump the
waste based on colour coding and colours assigned for different types of wastes. Also
ultrasonic sensor placed at lid of bin detects the level of waste inside bin and sends
notifications to empty it once it is full via GSM module. Experimental results show that the
segregation of waste into metallic, wet and dry waste has been successfully
implemented using the Automated waste segregation system.

[4] Cherry Agarwal,Bhavesh Yewale, Chaithali Jagadish, "Automatic Waste

Segregation and Management", International Journal of Engineerin Research
& Technology (IJERT), Vol. 9 Issue 06, June-2020.

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Abstract- With the increase in development of smart cities, the idea of keeping the cities
clean is the utmost requirement. The amount of garbage produced is too large and the manual
efforts required to process it is very tedious. With evolution of technology in every field,
automated ways can be adopted to prevent the piling of the garbage. The waste segregator
is designed to provide ease in the disposal of waste that is collected. The system consists
of three bins, each one for wet, metal, and dry waste. The conveyer belt system detects the
incoming waste and classifies it as metal, dry or wet using different sensors connected to
the system and deflects it in the respective bin. The deflection procedure is carried out by
the servo motors which are programmed according to the working. This facilitates in
processing the different kinds of waste as per the requirement. The garbage level in each of
bins is monitored using the ultrasonic sensors present in every bin. The notification is then
sent to the concerned authorities for emptying the bin. The whole setup brings about
automation and hence reduces the human intervention required in segregating the waste and
provides successful collection of the garbage from the bin at the appropriate time. The
system is driven by a microcontroller- Arduino UNO, and the sensors are programmed using
the language- Embedded C.

Keywords- Dry, wet, metal, sensors, Arduino UNO, Embedded C

[5] T.Saminathan, Akash Musipatla, P.Manideep Varma , P. Shahid Khan,

G.Mahesh Kumar "IoT based Automated Waste Segregator for Efficient Recycling",
International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring
Engineering(IJTEE),2019

This paper proposes a prototype of a municipal waste segregator, which can segregate the
dumped waste immediately, leading to more recyclable paper. The Smart bin can
be programmed to send information about the dumped garbage, such that respective action
can be taken. Various sensors and motors are interfaced with Arduino board in this
system.Index .

Terms: Metal sensor, Moisture sensor, Smart Bin, Internet of Things.

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[6] Robotic Arm Intelligent Grasping System for Garbage Recycling

Hongyang Fu; Dong Xu; Jiang Wu

The recycling of garbage is an effective way to protect environment. However, garbage

recycling is still adopting manual sorting which is of low efficiency and may damage to the
health of operators. To improve the efficiency of the garbage recycling, it is considered to
use an automated robot system which integrates modern control method of robots and
machine vision to replace manual sorting. Using a robotic arm and a RGB-D camera, a
visual servo robotic arm grasping system was produced, which mainly depends on tools in
robot operating system (ROS). The object recognition kitchen (ORK) in ROS is used to
identify and locate the grasping targets. The relationship between the camera coordinate
system and the robot coordinate system is established by hand-eye calibration technology.
The kinematics calculation and motion planning of the robotic arm are completed with the
help of ROS-Moveit!. Through experimental testing, it is estimated that the hand-eye
calibration is accurate, and the robotic arm can perfectly grasp the target object.

[7] C Y Chung I T Peng and J C Yeh "Environmental Monitoring and Smart Garbage
Sorting System Based on LoRa Wireless Transmission Technology[C]" 2020 IEEE 2nd
Eurasia Conference on Biomedical Engineering Healthcare and Sustainability
(ECBIOS) 2020.

Since the industrial revolution, scientific and technological advancements have made life
more convenient and have facilitated the rapid growth of the global population. However,
the amount of waste produced has also increased. Governments have invested a considerable
amount of resources in solving this problem on waste source reduction and recycling.
Accordingly, this study with a smart city concept developed a recyclable garbage sorting
system that could be used in various locations to help eliminate littering in the city (from
inconsistent waste disposal), diminish labor costs, and achieve the goals of increased
recycling and reduced waste. This study integrated LoRaWAN communication networks
(networks developed using the Internet of Things) with garbage sorting

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equipment to create a system that offers automated garbage can operation, environmental
monitoring, and graphical interface monitoring. The system uses electrostatic capacitance-
type proximity sensors to determine the types of garbage deposited in garbage cans.
Furthermore, it contains an embedded motor and smart devices that can perform functions
such as automatically opening and closing insertion points, sorting waste materials,
initiating automated garbage compression, monitoring water levels, and issuing warnings
when the water level exceeds the specified limit. This system employs a C# graphical
monitoring interface to remind users to remove the garbage.

[8] Rashmi M. Kittali and Ashok Sutagundar, "Automation of Waste Segregation

System using PLC", International Journal on Emerging Technologies (Special Issue
on ICRIET-2016).

Now-a-days the wastes are dumped as landfill waste and the major problem in
solid waste disposal is plastic bottles, glass bottles, metal can separation and they
are separated manually and recycled. [2] Mission clean India campaign has motivated
people for not disposing household waste in open land. The domestic wastes are collected
in two bins provided to the every citizen by the municipal corporation. The municipal
corporation has broadly classified the waste in two category i.e. dry waste and wet
waste. Most of the waste collecting agencies are finding difficulty in separation of
dry and wet waste due to poor awareness amongst the citizen. All the wet waste is
basically degradable where as dry waste are non-degradable. So is very important to
separate the degradable and non-degradable waste for recycling and developing compost
for green uses. This paper aims in providing effective solution for the separation of the
municipal waste by using custom hopper which iscontrolled by programmable logic
controller. The successful separation of the waste lays the path for the onsite effective
utilization of the bio-degradable waste as compost, manure etc.

KEYWORD: programmable logic controller, municipal waste, sensor, hopper, conveyor

belt.

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[9] Theodoros Anagnostopoulos, Arkady Zaslavsky, Alexey Medvedev, Sergei

Khoruzhnicov, "Top-k Query based Dynamic Scheduling for IoT-enabled Smart City
Waste Collection", 16th IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data Management,
2015

Smart Cities are being designed and built for comfortable human habitation. Among
services that Smart Cities will offer is the environmentally-friendly waste/garbage collection
and processing. In this paper, we motivate and propose an Internet of Things (IoT) enabled
system architecture to achieve dynamic waste collection and delivery to processing plants
or special garbage tips. In the past, waste collection was treated in a rather static manner
using classical operations research approach. As proposed in this paper, nowadays, with the
proliferation of sensors and actuators, as well as reliable and ubiquitous mobile
communications, the Internet of Things (IoT) enables dynamic solutions aimed at
optimizing the garbage truck fleet size, collection routes and prioritized waste pick-up. We
propose a top -- k query based dynamic scheduling model to address the challenges of near
real-time scheduling driven by sensor data streams. An Android app along with a user-
friendly GUI is developed and presented in order to prove feasibility and evaluate a waste
collection scenario using experimental data. Finally, the proposed models are evaluated on
synthetic and real data from the city municipality of St. Petersburg, Russia. The models
demonstrate consistency and correctness.

[10] Chen Tao; Li Xiang, “Municipal Solid Waste Recycle Management Information
Platform Based On Internetof Things Technology”, Multimedia Information
Networking and Security (MINES)

Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management is a big challenge for most cities all over the
world, which include the process of collection, transportation, processing and recycling.
This paper analyzes the current research situation of MSW and proposes a management
information platform based on Internet of Things technology. We use Wuhan city as a case
study. This study shows that it is feasible to develop MSW recycle management information
platform based on Internet of Things technology. It will help the government better use the
information produced in every stage of MSW management, and finally achieve the goal of
intelligent cycle.

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[11] Arebey,M. Hannan, M.A. Basri, Begum R.A., “Solid waste monitoring system
integration based on RFID, GPS and camera”, IEEE International Conference on
Intelligent and Advanced Systems (ICIAS), 2010

The integration of communication technologies such as radio frequency identification

(RFID), global positioning system (GPS), general packet radio system (GPRS), geographic
information system (GIS) with a camera are constructed for solid waste monitoring system.
The aim is to improve the way of responding to customer's inquiry and emergency cases and
estimate the solid waste amount without any involvement of the truck driver. The proposed
system consists of RFID tag mounted on the bin, RFID reader as truck module, GPSR/GSM
as web-server, GIS as map server, database server and control station server. The tracking
devices mounted in the trucks collect location information in real-time via the GPS. This
information is transferred continuously through GPRS to a central database. The users are
able to view the current location of each truck in the collection stage via a web-based
application, and thereby manage the fleet. The trucks positions and trash bin information are
displayed on a digital map, which is made available by a map server. Thus, the solid waste
of the bin and the truck are being monitored using the developed system.

[12] Issac, R Akshai,M.”An effective solid waste management system for

Thiruvalla Municipality in Android OS”IEEE Conference Publications , 2013.

The rapid urbanization in Kerala has led to increased generation of municipal solid waste
(MSW), which will seriously affect the society and the quality of life of people. Although
some action has taken from the part of government against this, the poor management of
waste has led to pollution and to the emission of greenhouse gases. The main issues with
waste management are the high cost associated with no returns, lack of real time feedback

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from the people about unauthorized dumping and various transportation issues. For a case
study, we have taken Thiruvalla Municipality situated between 9°23'06" N to 76°34'30"E
latitude and 9°38'2"N to 76.575°E longitude in Pathanamthitta district, Kerala. To address
this issue we have introduced a system called SVASTHA which is a Sanskrit word which
means “be healthy and hygienic”. This effective management system with the help of RFID
and GPS system can effectively manage the waste collection in Thiruvalla Municipality;
this system can be adopted in other municipalities and corporations also. This system will
actively monitor the waste collection process and will provide real time feedback such as
waste collection status, live tracking of trucks and trash bins etc. The system can receive
complaints from residents about uncollected wastes as well as the illegal disposal of wastes.
one of the main feature of the system is the smart shortest path detection technique, so that
vehicles need to travel only less distance to collect waste. This system is developed in
android to support diverse class of mobile devices.

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2.2Problem Statement:
The project is to design and implement an intelligent garbage recyclable line-following robot
capable of navigating through diverse environments to efficiently collect, sort, and recycle
waste. The system should employ advanced sensing, decision-making, and control
mechanisms to enhance the automation of waste management processes.

1. Dynamic Environment Navigation: The robot must be capable of navigating through

dynamic and changing environments, such as public spaces, to locate and follow predefined
paths for garbage collection.

2. Real-time Object Detection and Recognition: The system needs to integrate computer vision
and sensor technologies for real-time detection and recognition of various types of waste items.
The robot should be able to distinguish between recyclable and non-recyclable materials.

3. Line Following and Path Planning Implementing robust line-following algorithms to enable
the robot to traverse predefined paths efficiently, even in the presence of obstacles or
deviations.

4. Intelligent Decision-Making: The robot should make intelligent decisions on-the-fly based
on the detected waste items. It should prioritize the collection of recyclable materials and be
able to adapt its path and behavior accordingly.

5. Human Interaction: The robot should be designed to coexist with human activities safely. It
should have mechanisms for avoiding collisions with humans and other obstacles and may
include features for user-friendly interactions.

6. Efficient Sorting Mechanism: Develop a reliable and efficient mechanism for sorting
collected waste into appropriate containers on the robot. The sorting system should handle
various types of recyclable materials and minimize cross-contamination.

7. Integration of IoT and Communication: Explore the integration of Internet of Things (IoT)
devices and communication systems to enhance the robot's connectivity, allowing remote
monitoring, control, and data exchange with a central waste management system.

8. Energy Efficiency: Optimize the energy consumption of the robot to ensure prolonged
operation periods without frequent recharging. Consider energy-efficient components and
algorithms to enhance overall sustainability.

9. Scalability: Design the system to be scalable, allowing for easy adaptation to different

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environments and waste management requirements. The robot should be capable of working
individually or collaboratively in a fleet.

10. Cost-effectiveness: Strive to develop a cost-effective solution that is accessible for

widespread deployment in various communities, helping to address the global challenge of
efficient waste management.

By addressing these challenges, the project aims to contribute to the development of an

intelligent, adaptive, and efficient robot for enhancing garbage collection and recycling
processes in a variety of real-world scenarios.

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CHAPTER-3
BLOCK DIAGRAM

STRA
ULTR LIQU
IN
A ID
GAU
SONI CRYS
GE
C TAL
LOA
SENS DISP MOTAR
D
OR LAY 1
CELL

POWE
BATTE ARDUINO BOARD DRI
R MOT
RY VER
SUPPL AR 2
Y

1 IR 2IR
SENS SENS
OR( SME
OR
LEVE LL
PATH
L SENS
DETE
DETE CT OR
CT OR
OR)

The major blocks of the project:

1. Arduino Uno
2. Ultrasonic Sensor
3. Infrared Sensor
4. Smell Sensor
5. Load Sensor
6. Dc Motor

Software’s used:

1. Arduino IDE for compiling and dumping code into Microcontroller

2. Express SCH for Circuit design.

3. Proteus for hardware simulation.

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3.1.1 ARDUINO
• Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board developed by Arduino.cc which is an open-
sourceelectronics platform mainly based on AVR microcontroller Atmega328.
• The current version of Arduino Uno comes with USB interface, 6analog input pins,
14 I/O digital portsthatareusedto connectwithexternalelectroniccircuits.Outof14
I/Oports,6pinscanbeused for PWM output.

• buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical,

electromechanical, or piezoelectric. Typical uses of buzzers and beepers include
alarm devices, timers and conformation of A Buzzer user input such as a mouse click
or keystroke. Buzzer is an integrated structure of electronic transducers, DC power
supply, widely used in computers, printers, copiers, alarms, electronic toys,
automotive electronic equipment, telephones, timers and other electronic products for
sound devices.

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3.1.2POWERSUPPLY

• A power supply provides electrical power to components. Usually, the term refers to
devices built into the powered component. Computer power supplies, for example,
convert AC current to DC current and are generally located along with at least one
fan at the back of the computer case.

3.1.3 TRANSFORMER

• A transformer is a static electrical gadget that exchanges control between at least two
circuits. A
fluctuatingcurrentcreatesachangingattractivemotioninonetransformercurl,whichthusa
ctuatesa differing electromotive power over a second loop twisted around a similar
centre.

3.1.4 LASERDIODE
• A semiconductor device that generates coherent light of high intensity is known as
laser diode. LASER is an abbreviation for Light Amplification by Stimulated
Emission of Radiation. Stimulated emission is the basis of working of a laser diode.
Laser diode is similar to LED, however, different from LED, the PN junction of laser

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diode produces coherent radiation. Coherent radiation means the light waves
generated by the device have the same frequency and phase.

3.1.5 CD
• A 16*2 LCD implies 16 characters can be shown per line and 2 such lines exist. Each
character is shown in a lattice of 5*7 pixels in this LCD. There are two registers in
this LCD, in particular Command and Data.

3.1.6 IR SENSOR:
IR sensor is an electronic device, that emits the light in order to sense some object of
the surroundings. An IR sensor can measure the heat of an object as well as detects
the motion. Usually, in the infrared spectrum, all the objects radiate some form of
thermal radiation. These types of radiations are invisible to our eyes, but infrared
sensor can detect these radiations.

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The emitter is simply an IR LED (Light Emitting Diode) and the detector is simply an IR
photodiode . Photodiode is sensitive to IR light of the same wavelength which is emitted by the
IR LED. When IR light falls on the photodiode, the resistances and the output voltages will
change in proportion to the magnitude of the IR light received.

IR Transmitter or IR LED
Infrared Transmitter is a light emitting diode (LED) which emits infrared radiations called as IR
LED’s. Even though an IR LED looks like a normal LED, the radiation emitted by it is invisible
to the human eye.
The picture of an Infrared LED is shown below.

IR Receiver or Photodiode
Infrared receivers or infrared sensors detect the radiation from an IR transmitter. IR receivers
come in the form of photodiodes and phototransistors. Infrared Photodiodes are different from
normal photo diodes as they detect only infrared radiation. Below image shows the picture of
an IR receiver or a photodiode.

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REFERENCES
[1] R.Narayanamoorthi, ShubhamThakker, (2015)“Smart and Wireless Waste
Management” in IEEE Sponsored 2nd International Conference on Innovations in
Information Embedded and Communication Systems.

[2] Sajuli Jire , Anuja Apte et, Saurabh Dugdhe1 and Pooja Shelaral (2016) .”Efficient
Waste Collection System”, in International Conferenceon Internet of Things and
Applications (IOTA).

[3] Mohd Helmy Abd Wahab, Mohd Razali Tomari,Mohamad Aeslina Abdul Kadi and
Hairol Jabbar et al (2014) “Smart Recycle Bin: A ConceptualApproach of Smart Waste
Management with Integrated Web Based System”, IT Convergence and Security
(ICITCS),InternationalConference.

[4] Choudhari P, Bhuva D, Kolhatkar C, Joshi B,.(2018) “Smart Edustbin” in International

Conference on Smart City and Emerging Technology (ICSCET) (pp. 1-3). IEEE. [5] Mulay
PS, Chaskar UM, Nirde K,(2017) “IoT based solid waste management system for smart
city” in International Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICICCS),
(pp. 666- 669), IEEE.

[6] Jenifer prarthana, Dr.N.Sathish kumar, B. Vijayalakshmi, R., A .Shankar, (2016) “IOT
Based Smart Garbage alert system using Arduino UNO”, Region 10 Conference
(TENCON), IEEE.

[7] Abhishek desai, Shahid khan, Aamir attar, Aadilansari, Dipashrisonawale, [2017] “line
follower and obstacle avoidance bot using arduino” International Journal of Advanced

Computational Engineering and Networking, ISSN: 2320-2106, Volume-5, Issue-4.

[8] Microtronics Technologies, (2013) “GSM based garbage and waste collection bins
overflow indicator”.

[9] Tarek Mohammad, (2006), ”Using Ultrasonic and Infrared Sensorsfor Distance
Measurement”, World academy of science, Engineering and Technology. Vol:3 2009-03-
26.

[10] A. Amareshwar Kumar , R. NareshNaik , S. Nanda Kishor, P. Siva Nagendra

Reddy,(2017),”Wireless dust bin monitoring and alert system using Arduino”, Second

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International Conference on Electrical, Computer and Communication Technologies

(ICECCT).ISBN: 978-1-5090-3239-6

[11] Gowri Chandra N , Chaithra G, M. Kumudha , (2017),” Automation of Smart waste

management using IoT to support Swachh Bharat Abhiyan”, 2nd International Conference
on Computing and Communications Technologies (ICCCT). ISBN: 978-1-5090-6221-8.

[12] J.E. Simo, G. Benet, P. Perez F. Blanes, (2002), “Using infrared sensors for distance
measurement in mobile robots,” Journal of Robotics and Autonomous Systems.

[13] Tan Piow Yon, Faradila Naim, Nor Maniha Abdul Ghani, (2011), “Two Wheels
Balancing Robot with Line Following Capability,” World Academy of Science, Engineering
and Technology, pp-634- 638.

[14] S. Prapulla and G. Shobha, K. Monika, Nikitha Rao (2016), “Smart Dustbin An
Efficient Garbage Monitoring System”, International Journal of Engineering Science and
Computing.

[15] M. Zafri Baharuddin, S. Sulaiman Kaja Mohideen, Jeffrey Tan Too Chuan, Izham Z.
Abidin Yap Keem Siah, "Analysis of Line Sensor Configuration for the Advanced Line
Follower Robot",University Tenaga Nasional

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