Dispepsia

• Dyspepsia is a clinical symptom originating from the upper

gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
• Dyspepsia can be divided into functional dyspepsia (FD)
and organic dyspepsia.
• FD is a very common functional GI disorder in clinical
treatment .
• It is a clinical syndrome that is characterized by chronic or
recurrent gastroduodenal symptoms, without any organic or
metabolic disease that may explain the symptoms .
• FD has a high incidence in the population. Dyspepsia is
present in approximately 20% of the general population
worldwide
World J Gastroenterol 2020 August 14; 26(30): 4523-4536
The 2022 Indonesian Consensus Report
• Dyspepsia often explained as chronic pain or disconcert localized
to the upper abdomen .
• Dyspepsia as any persistent discomfort feeling (e.g., epigastric
pain, burning feeling, postprandial fullness, and early satiety)
originating from the upper abdomen or GI tract.
• Dyspepsia can be classified as organic or functional dyspepsia
(FD). Organic dyspepsia can be defined as dyspepsia that induced
by known etiology that diagnosed after thorough investigation
especially concerning structural disease (e.g., endoscopic lesion)

Syam et al. Gut Pathogens (2023) 15:25 ; Management of dyspepsia

and Helicobacter pylori infection: the 2022 Indonesian Consensus Report
The 2022 Indonesian Consensus Report
• The example etiology or risk factor of organic dyspepsia are duodenal or
gastric ulcer, erosive gastritis, duodenitis, gastritis, and malignant processes.
• FD can be defined as dyspepsia with the absence of structural disease after
the investigation using imaging, endoscopy, or similar method.
• The etiology of FD is most likely multifactorial with the exact cause remain
unclear. The female sex, rise of age, high socioeconomic status, decreased of
urbanization, infection of H. pylori, macro and micronutrient intake in dietary
habits, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use are risk factor for
dyspepsia .
• In general, FD can be classified as Postprandial Distress Syndrome (PDS) and
Epigastric Pain Syndrome (EPS) . PDS primarily involves early satiety or
postprandial satiety, and EPS primarily includes epigastralgia or burning

Syam et al. Gut Pathogens (2023) 15:25 ; Management of dyspepsia

and Helicobacter pylori infection: the 2022 Indonesian Consensus Report
 Dyspepsia
• Dyspepsia is an uncomfortable feeling (discomfort)
• Originated from the upper part of abdomen
• The discomfort can be epigastric pain, epigastric burn, feeling of fullness
after having meal, early satiated and bloating in the upper gastrointestinal
tract area, nausea, vomiting and blurping

( Vol 49 • Number 3 • July 2017 ,National consensus on management of dyspepsia and H. pylori infection )
Classification
• Dyspepsia is classified into two, namely organic (structural) and functional (non-organic).
• Organic dyspepsia has an underlying cause, such as peptic ulcer disease (PUD), GERD
(Gastro Esophageal Reflux Disease), cancer, chronic alcohol or drug use.
• Non-organic (functional) is characterized by chronic or recurrent upper abdominal pain or
discomfort, without abnormalities on physical examination and endoscopy.
• It is estimated that around 15-40% of the world's population has chronic or recurrent
dyspepsia complaints; only one third are organic (structural) dyspepsia.
Global prevalence of uninvestigated
dyspepsia & functional dyspepsia

The true prevalence of FD globally is estimated between 11.5% - 29.2% (including symptoms of reflux)

( Mahadeva S et al. World J Gastroenterol 2006; 12 (17): 2661 – 2666 )