Review for Lecture 4

Chapter 8 the Axial and Appendicular Skeleton

Sections 8.1-8.3, 8.5-8.11

1) Be sure you understand and can DEFINE the following terms, and be able to
identify the location of each bone and bone marking on a figure or skeleton:

Axial vs Appendicular Skeleton

Types of bones:
Long
Short
Flat
Irregular

Types of Bone Markings:

Articulating surfaces
- Condyle
- Facet
- Head
Depressions
- alveolus
- fossa
- sulcus
Projections
- crest
- epicondyle
- process
- ramus
- spine
- trochanter
- tubercle
- tuberosity
Openings
- canal
- fissure
- foramen
- meatus
- sinus
 (see table 8.1)

Vertebral column conditions

scoliosis
kyphosis
lordosis

2) Differentiate between the male and female pelvis.

3) You should also know the names and locations of all of the bones in the body, as
well as the depressions and processes discussed in lecture.

Axial skeleton (80 bones)

Skull
Cranial bones (8)
Sphenoid (1)
Parietal (2)
Temporal (2)
Occipital (1)
Ethmoid (1)
Frontal (1)
Facial bones (14)
Mandible (1)
Maxilla (2)
Vomer (1)
Nasal bones (2)
Zygomatic bones (2)
Lacrimal bones (2)
Palatine bones (2)
Inferior nasal conchae (2)
Auditory ossicles (6)
Malleus (2)
Incus (2)
Stapes (2)
Hyoid (1)
Vertebral column (26)
Vertebra
Body
Pedicle
Lamina
Processes
Vertebral foramen
Intervertebral foramen
Intervetebral disc
Cervical vertebrae (7)
 Atlas (C1)
Axis (C2)
Thoracic vertebrae (12)
Lumbar vertebrae (5)
Sacrum
Coccyx
Ribs (24)
True ribs (7 pairs)
Costal cartilage
False ribs (5 pairs)
Sternum (1)
Manubrium
Xiphoid process

Appendicular skeleton (126 bones)

Shoulder girdle
Clavicle (2)
Acromial end
Sternal end
Scapula (2)
Spine
Acromion
Coracoid process
Glenoid cavity
Upper limb
Arm
Humerus (2)
Greater tubercle
Lesser tubercle
Lateral epicondyle
Medial epicondyle
Capitulum
Trochlea
Forearm
Radius (2)
Ulnar notch
Ulna (2)
Olecranon
Radial notch

Hand
Carpals (16)
Metacarpals (10)
Phalanges
Proximal phalanges (10)
Middle phalanges (8)
 Distal phalanges (10)
Lower limb
Gluteal region
Pelvic girdle
Ox coxae (2)
Ilium
Acetabulum
Greater sciatic notch
Iliac crest
Ischium
Ischial tuberosity
Pubis
Superior ramus
Inferior ramus
Pubic symphysis
False pelvis
True pelvis
Thigh
Femur (2)
Medial epicondyles
Lateral epicondyles
Greater trochanter
Lesser trochanter
Patella (2)
Leg
Tibia (2)
Lateral condyles
Medial condyles
Fibula (2)
Lateral malleolus
Foot
Tarsals (14)
Talus
Calcaneus
Metatarsals (10)
Phalanges
Proximal phalanges (10)
Middle phalanges (8)
Distal phalanges (10)