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Mệnh đề If…..

Type If Clause Main Clause Usage

0 If + Present simple Present simple Sự thật hiển nhiên

1 If + Present simple (Present Future simple Có thật ở hiện tại

continuous, Present perfect)

2 If + Past simple (Past continuous) Would/Could/Should (not) + V Không có thật ở

(inf) hiện tại

3 If + Past perfect (Past perfect Would/Could/Should (not) + Have Không có thật

continuous) + V3/ed trong quá khứ

Hỗn (1) If + Past perfect (1) Would/Could/Should (not) _ V Một sự việc xảy ra
hợp (inf) trong quá khứ
(2) If + Simple past (Past nhưng hậu quả còn
continuous) (2) Would/Could/Should (not) + kéo dài đến hiện
Have + V3/ed tại. Một bản chất
hoặc một tình
trạng vốn có ở
hiện tại gây ra hậu
quả trong quá khứ
ĐẢO NGỮ CỦA CÂU ĐIỀU KIỆN

Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 1: Should + S + Vo, S + Will +Vo

 If he has free time, he’ll play tennis. => Should he have free time, he’ll play tennis

Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 2: Were + S + to + Vo, S + Would + Vo

 If I learned Russian, I would read a Russian book. => Were I to learn Russian, I would read a Russian
book

Đảo ngữ câu điều kiện loại 3: Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + V3/Ved

 If he had trained hard, he would have won the match. => Had he trained hard, he would have won the
match.

(4) Unless = If...not

Unless cũng thường được dùng trong câu điều kiện - lúc đó Unless = If not. Ví dụ:

 Unless we start at once, we will be late.

 If we don't start at once we will be late.
 Unless you study hard, you won't pass the exams.
 If you don't study hard, you won't pass the exams
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Mệnh đề If…..

Exercise:
I. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct tenses.
1. If I see him, I (give) him a gift.
2. If I had a typewriter, I (type) it myself.
3. If I had known that you were in hospital, I (visit) you.
4. You could make better progress if you (attend) class regularly.
5. If I (know) his telephone number, I’d give it to you.
6. If you (arrive) ten minutes earlier, you would have got a seat.
7. He could get a job easily if he (have) a degree.
8. I shouldn’t have believed it if I (not see) it with my own eyes.
9. If he (study) hard, he can pass the exam.
10. If she had asked you, you (accept)?
11. Rice plants (grow) well if there is enough rain.
12. He might get fat if he (stop) smoking.
13. What you (do) if you found a burglar in your house?
14. If she (not hurry), she may be late.
15. If I (try) again, I think that I would have succeeded.
16. Water (not run) downhill if there were not gravity.
17. If I tell you a secret, you (promise) not to tell it to anyone else?
18. Tell him to ring me if you (see) him.
19. The police (arrest) him if they catch him.
20. If you (speak) more slowly, he might have understood you.
II. Use UNLESS instead of IF. ( sử dụng Unless thay cho If…not)
1. If you are not careful, you will cut yourself with that knife.
=> Unless you are carefull, you will……..
2. If you do not like this one, I’ll bring you another.
3. I’ll not be able to do any work if I do not have a quiet room.
4. If she does not hurry, she’ll be late.
5. If we had more rain, our crops would be better.
6. The crops would have been ruined if the flood had risen higher.
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Mệnh đề If…..

7. If you had not sneezed, he wouldn’t have known that we were there.

8. If she did her hair differently, she would look quite nice.
9. If John had played for our football team, we would not have lost the game.
10. If I won a big prize in a lottery, I’d give up my job.
Exercise 3:

1. If we meet at 9:30, we (have) _________________plenty of time.

2. If you (find) _________________ a skeleton in the cellar, don’t mention it to anyone.
3. The zookeeper would have punished her with a fine if she ( feed) _________________ the animals..
4. If you pass your examination, we (have) _________________a celebration.
5. Lisa would find the milk if she (look) _________________ for it in the fridge.
6. What (happen) _________________if I press this button?
7. The door will be unlocked if you (press)_________________ the green button.
8. I should have voted for her if I (have) _________________ a vote then.
9. If you go to Paris, where you (stay) _________________?
10. If you (swim) _________________ in this lake, you’ll shiver from cold.

Chuyển sang dạng bị động

Thì hiện tại đơn: S +V +O => S + AM/ IS/ARE + V3 + by O
1. E.x: 1. Mary types letters in the office. => Letters are typed in the office by Mary.
11. 2. Nothing can change my mind.
12. =>……………………………………………………………………..
13. 3. I don’t know her telephone number
14. =>……………………………………………………………………….
15. 4. People spend a lot of money on advertising every day.
16. =>………………………………………………………………………………………
17. 5 After class, one of the students always erases the chalk board.
18. =>………………………………………………………………………………………
19. 6. Do they teach English here?
20. =>……………………………………………………………………………
21. 7. Where do people speak English?
22. =>……………………………………………………………………………
23. 8. How many marks does the teacher give you?
=>……………………………………………………………………………