 Conditionals Abyhvqx m¤ú~Y© KiY|

 Ges Ab¨vb¨ wbqg Abyhvqx m¤ú~Y© KiY |

Written by,
Md: Sadid Hasan
 Sentence KZK¸‡jv wbqg Abymv‡i MwVZ nq| Sentence Gi GKwU Ask
†`Iqv _vK‡j Ab¨vb¨ Ask¸‡jv m¤¢ve¨Zv I MVb †KŠk‡ji cªwZ jÿ¨ †i‡L mgvß Kiv nq|
GB ai‡bi Amgvß evK¨‡K mgvß Kivi c×wZ‡K Completing Sentence e‡j|
Am¤ú~Y© evK¨wU‡K mgvß Ki‡Z hv cÖ‡qvRb nq Zv n‡j,Ñ
i. Conditionals ( If + clause hy³ evK¨ †Kv‡bv kZ© cªKvk K‡i|)
ii. Infinitive ( to + Verb Øviv MwVZ kã ) = to do, to get
iii. Gerund (Verb + ing) hv (sub I noun) / (noun I verb) Df‡qi KvR K‡i|
iv. Participle (Verb + ing) hv (verb & adj.) Df‡qi KvR K‡i|
Complex I Compound Sentence, proverb Ges Conditionals BZ¨vw` †_‡K GB ai‡bi
cÖkœ G‡m _v‡K|

Rules Of Completing Sentence

Rule-1: If – Clause Main – Clause
1st Conditional Present Future / Imperative
2nd Conditional Past Simple would / could / might
3rd Conditional Past Perfect would / could / might
+ have + V3
 Had + Sub + V3 ( would / could / might ) + have + V3

 Zero- Conditional-
If + Present Present ( Universal / General ) Truth Gi †ÿ‡G
Example:- A_©vr- wPišÍb ev mvaviY mZ¨ K_v
a) If you study properly, …………………….
= If you study properly, you will pass in the exam.
b) If you studied properly,…………………….
= If you studied properly, you would passed in the exam.
c) If you had studied properly,…………………….
= If you had studied properly, you would have passed in the exam.
 d) Had I earned much money,………………………
= Had I earned much money, I would have helped the poor people .
e) If it is summer,…………………..
= If it is summer , it feels hot.
Present Present

 Would that / I wish

Am¤¢e B”Qv AvKv•Lv BZ¨vw` cÖKvk Ki‡Z e¨eüZ nq | G‡ÿ‡G Verb Gi
Subjective past tense ( was / were ) nq |
Example:-
a) I wish I……………………..
= I wish I were a bird !

Rule-2: and, but, Or, thought, that, as, since, when, who, which,
where, how, because
Øviv `ywU evK¨ hy³ _vK‡j Dfq cv‡k¨ GKB tense n‡e|
Example:-
a) I saw a man who ,……………………..
= I saw a man who was catching fish.

Rule-3: In spite of / Despite / But / thought / Al thought

A_©: Ò m‡Ë¡I ev hw`I Ó
Øviv `ywU evK¨ hy³ _vK‡j Dfq cv‡k¨ GKB tense n‡e| Z‡e memgq wecwiZv_©K
A_©c~Y© evK¨ n‡e|
Example:-
a) Al thought Sadid studied more, ……………………..
= Al thought Sadid studied more, he failed in the annual exam.
b) In spite of his poverty, …………………………………
= In spite of his poverty, he is honest.

Rule-4: Because of / owing to / due to A_©c~Y© evK¨|

A_©: Ò Kvi‡Y ev R‡b¨ Ó

Example:-
a) Everybody loves him because of , ……………………..
= Everybody loves him because of his honesty.
Rule-5: So that / In order that Sub + (can / could) + V1
A_©: Ò hv‡Z ev †hb Ó n¨uv-‡evaK

Note Dfq cv‡k¨ GKB tense n‡e|

 Present tense Can
 Past tense Could
Example:-
a) We go to school so that , ……………………..
= We go to school so that we can achieve knowledge.
b) The boy studied more so that , ……………….
= The boy studied more so that he could make a good result.

Rule-6: So ………. that Sub + ( can’t / couldn’t ) + V1

GZB .................... ‡h bv-‡evaK

Note Dfq cv‡k¨ GKB tense n‡e|

 Present tense Can’t
 Past tense Couldn’t
Example:-
a) The man is so weak that , ……………………..
= The man is so weak that he can’t walk.
Present Future
Rule-7: As soon as
A_©: Ò hZ ZvovZvwo m¤¢e Ó Past Past
Example:-
a) As soon as I get the news , ……………………..
= As soon as I get the news I will inform you.
b) As soon as the thief saw the police , ……………….
= As soon as the thief saw the police he ran away.
Present Simple Past Simple
Rule-8: As if / As though
A_©: Ò ‡hb ev g‡b nq †hb Ó Past Simple past Perfect
Example:-
a) He tells the matter as if , ……………………..
= He tells the matter as if he knew it.
b) He spoke as if , ……………….
= He spoke as if he had known everything.
Note :- If, as if, as though, Ges wish Gi c‡i was e‡m bv, memgq were e‡m|
Rule-9:
 NNoo ssoooonneerr hhaadd …
…… V33…
…V ……
…..tthhaann… …… …VV22…
………
 SSccaarrcceellyy hhaadd…
…....…
…VV33…
…… …..w whheenn......…
…VV22…………
 HHaarrddllyy hhaadd … ………… …VV33..… whheenn......…
…........w …V V22…
…......
†h‡Z bv †h‡Z
‡L‡Z bv †L‡Z Giƒc A_© cÖKvk K‡i|
‡cŠuQv‡Z bv ‡cŠuQv‡Z
Example:-
a) No sooner had I gone out ………………………….
= No sooner had I gone out than he came.
[ Avwg †ei n‡q †h‡Z bv †h‡Z †m Avmj| ]
b) Scarcely had we reached the station ……………….
= Scarcely had we reached the station when the train left.
[ Avgiv †÷k‡b ‡cŠuQv‡Z bv ‡cŠuQv‡Z †UªbwU P‡j †Mj| ]
c) Hardly had he reached the collage ………………
= Hardly had he reached the collage when the exam began.
[ ‡m K‡j‡R ‡cŠuQv‡Z bv ‡cŠuQv‡Z cixÿv ïiæ n‡q †Mj | ]
Rule-10:
It is time Subject + V2
It is high time A_ev,To + V1
Example:-
a) It is high time…………………
= It is high time we learned English properly.
Sub. + V2
Or, It is high time to learnt English properly.
to + V1
Rule-11:
 While { 1g evK¨ (v + ing) Ges 2q evK¨ V2 n‡e|}
A_©: Ò hLb Ó
Example:-
a) While walking in the garden …………………
= While walking in the garden I noticed a beautiful flower.
 While / Whereas { wecixZ A_©c~Y evK¨ Ges GKB tense n‡e|}
A_©: Ò Ab¨w`‡K / cÿvšÍ‡i Ó
Example:-
a) He has passed in the exam while / whereas …………………
= He has passed in the exam while his sister has failed.
V3 V3
Rule-12: c‡i Ges
V2 After V3 V1 ev (Pre)V3 Since V2
V3 Before V2 V2 Since V3 ( Past)
When
Av‡M
Example:-
a) The patient died after ………………………….
= The patient died after the doctor had come.
b) I had prepared my lesson before ……………….
= I had prepared my lesson before I went to school.

c) I had taken my breakfast when… ………………

= I had taken my breakfast when she came.
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

a) It is a week since ………………………….

= It is a week since the vacation began.
b) Two years has passed since ……………….
= Two years has passed since we last met.

c) It was long since… ………………

= It was long since I had seen her last.

Rule-13: Lest subject + should / might + V1

A_©: Ò cv‡Q fq nq †h / b‡Pr / bZzev / Ab¨_vq Ó
Example:-
a) Walk fast lest ………………………….
= Walk fast lest you should miss the train.
Rule-14:
 Till { Affirmative ev Negative Dfq evK¨B n‡e |}
A_©: Ò ch©šÍ Ó
 Unless / Until / as long as { memgq Affirmative evK¨B n‡e |}
A_©: Ò hw` bv / bv ch©šÍ / ZZÿY ev hZÿY ch©šÍ Ó
Example:-
a) Wait for me till……………………………………..
= I come back. / I don’t come back.
b) Wait here until ……………………………………
= Wait here until the rain stop.
c) Unless you study attentively ……………………….
= Unless you study attentively , you will fail.
Rule-15: So much / So many that + subject + V
msL¨v eySvq cwigvb eySvq

Note Dfq cv‡k¨ GKB tense n‡e|

Example:-
a) You are so much intelligence ………………………….
= You are so much intelligence that you can make a doctor.
b) They plucked so many flowers ……………….
= They plucked so many flowers that the garden became empty.

Rule-16: Without + Gerund Negative sentence n‡e|

A_©: Qvov ev e¨vZxZ
Example:-
a) Without reading more …..………….
= Without reading more you can not pass in the exam.
Negative evK¨
b) Without eating food ……………….
= Without eating food you can not get energy.
Negative evK¨

Rule-17: By + Gerund Affirmative sentence n‡e|

A_©: Øviv
Example:-
a) By reading more …..………….
= By reading more you can make a good result in the exam.
Affirmative evK¨
b) By drinking clean water ……………….
= By drinking clean water you can keep healthy .
Affirmative evK¨

Rule-18: Relative Pronoun

‡Kv‡bv ev‡K¨ Who / Which / Whom / that / Whose _vK‡j sentence wU‡K
complete Ki‡Z RP Gi c~‡e©i verb Abyhvqx GKwU evK¨ •Zwi Ki‡Z n‡e | G‡ÿ‡G
RP Gi Dfq cv‡k¨ GKB tense n‡e|
Example:-
a) I saw a man who ,……………………..
= I saw a man who was catching fish.

b) This is the house that……………………

= This is the house that he wants to buy.
Rule-19:
Whatever A_©: Ò hv wKQz B”QvÓ | GwU w`‡qI Complex Sentence MwVZ nq |
Example:-
a) Take whatever ,…………………
= Take whatever you want.

b) Eat whatever ……………………

= Eat whatever you like.